Journal ArticleDOI
Water Scarcity and Wastewater Reuse Standards in Southern Europe: Focus on Agriculture
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
In the south of Europe, four countries out of 15 have already adopted wastewater reuse regulations (Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain) and compared these regulations and discusses their differences as discussed by the authors.Abstract:
Climate change affects water resources worldwide, and Southern Europe is one of the areas where water scarcity is expected to increase in the future. Different water scarcity indicators discussed in this manuscript (e.g. total annual actual renewable water resources, water exploitation index and dependency ratio) showed that some parts of this region are already facing water stress and that climate change could have a great impact on their water supply sector. As agriculture is the biggest consumer of water in the world and also in this particular region, potential water scarcity will impose the need to find new water sources. Treated wastewater reuse would decrease the pressure on the environment and is especially suitable for reuse in agriculture since it already contains some nutrients required for plant growth. However, in order to use it safely, treated wastewater must reach a certain quality that should be regulated. In the south of Europe, 4 countries out of 15 have already adopted wastewater reuse regulations (Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain). This review compares these regulations and discusses their differences.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
A critical review of resource recovery from municipal wastewater treatment plants – market supply potentials, technologies and bottlenecks
Philipp Kehrein,Mark C.M. van Loosdrecht,Patricia Osseweijer,Marianna Garfí,Jo Dewulf,John A. Posada +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the potential of 11 resources recoverable from municipal wastewater treatment plants to supply national resource consumption is investigated in academia and nine non-technical bottlenecks are identified in literature that have to be overcome to successfully implement these technologies into wastewater treatment process designs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Water Scarcity and Wastewater Reuse in Crop Irrigation
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the status of water scarcity and the challenges to food security, the reuse of wastewater in agriculture and the possible risks to human and environmental health, and emphasize that irrigation offers real perspectives for large-scale recovery of wastewater, helping to reduce the deficit and conserve water resources, and increasing food safety, with express mention that investments must be made in wastewater treatment plants and wastewater must be properly treated before recovery, to limit the risks on human health and the environment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Advances in Water Use Efficiency in Agriculture: A Bibliometric Analysis
TL;DR: A review of worldwide water use efficiency in agriculture (WUEA) research over the last 30 years is presented in this paper, where a bibliometric analysis was developed based on the Scopus database.
Journal ArticleDOI
The worldwide research trends on water ecosystem services
José A. Aznar-Sánchez,Juan F. Velasco-Muñoz,Luis J. Belmonte-Ureña,Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro +3 more
TL;DR: A bibliometric analysis showed that this line of research has been gaining relevance within the ecosystem services field and exponential growth has been observed in such research, and more than 65% of the studies have been performed in the last five years.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessing technical and social driving factors of water reuse in agriculture: A review on risks, regulation and the yuck factor
Sandra Ricart,Antonio Rico +1 more
TL;DR: This review explores the main characteristics of the reviewed literature on this topic, relevant driving factors to effectively reconcile farmers’ needs and public perceptions of water reuse, and the current knowledge gaps and future challenges to be addressed by end users, managers and authorities.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Health guidelines for the use of wastewater in agriculture and aquaculture: Report of a WHO Scientific Group, Technical Report Series No. 778, World Health Organization, Geneva, 1989
Human development report 2015: work for human development
TL;DR: Work, not just jobs or employment, is crucial for human progress: of the world's 7.3 billion people, 3.2 billion are in jobs, and many others engage in unpaid care, creative and voluntary work as well as other activities or prepare themselves as future workers as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Use of treated municipal wastewater in irrigated agriculture—Review of some practices in Spain and Greece
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the fundamentals of agricultural irrigation using treated municipal wastewater and the status of municipal wastewater reuse in Greece and Spain with studies related to the effects on soils and plants.
Journal ArticleDOI
The status of wastewater reuse practice in the Mediterranean basin: need for guidelines
TL;DR: In this paper, the status of wastewater reclamation and reuse around the Mediterranean basin and discusses existing guidelines and regulations is discussed and the possibility of developing uniform wastewater reuse standards is also presented.
Posted Content
The Water Poverty Index: an International Comparison
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report on the construction of an International Water Poverty Index, part of the first phase of a research project into building a locally based version of the index, which makes it possible to rank countries and communities within countries taking into account both physical and socio-economic factors associated with water scarcity.