Basics of wind energy conversion.- Analysis of wind regimes.- Wind energy conversion systems.- Performance of wind energy conversion systems.- Wind energy and environment.- Economics of wind energy.

The wind power is the important complement to fossil fuels usage, bears the advantages of clean, green and renewable. The state has determined to develop the regions locating along the interior coast in Jiangsu province, and the exploitation of wind energy is a key constituent. Wind in these regions has the peculiar properties which affect the wind energy utilization, in the paper the simulation of wind farm in coast region is investigated, one virtual reality system is constructed which involves the representation of sea by level of detail, and representation the hydrogen generation by particle filter. The virtual reality system is able to serve as the platform of wind farm construction, wind energy productivity predication, and the engineering test.

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Wind Energy: Fundamentals, Resource Analysis and Economics

Simulation of Coast Wind Farm Construction

The analysis of recently collected wind speed data is presented for Yanbu (24°05′N 38°00′E), located at the west coast of Saudi Arabia. With an average wind speed of 5.3 m/s at a height of 40 m, the average wind speed varies from a minimum value of 4.44 m/s in October to a maximum value of 6.14 m/s in June. Wind characteristics and electricity generation potential have been assessed using a web tool, „Wind Energy Assessment (WEA) Tool‟. Weibull parameters, namely, Shape factor, k and Scale factor, c have been calculated using both Graphical method and Standard Deviation method for 12 months, May‟11 – April‟12. Along with the assessment of the wind energy density, the energy generation potential by Polaris P-21 wind turbine with rated power of 100 kW have been assessed using Weibull based approach and Rayleigh based approach. Total annual energy output of 154 MWh, 308 MWh, 170 MWh by this wind turbine have been estimated using Graphical method, Standard Deviation method and Rayleigh based approach, respectively. The cost of electricity have been calculated as US$ 0.097/kWh, US$ 0.048/kWh and US$ 0.088/kWh for capacity factors of 17.5%, 35.2% and 19.5% estimated using three different statistical models, respectively considering the turbine cost of US$ 160,000 and rate of return of 5%.

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Assessment of Wind Characteristics and Electricity Generation Potential for Yanbu, Saudi Arabia

The horizontal-axis-wind-turbine (HAWT) is popular in the wind power industry nowadays due to its high power extraction capability. However, the HAWT has some complications due to high turbulent, low speed and changing direction of wind, which inhibits its full performance. Some vertical-axis-wind-turbine (VAWT) designs were able to function well under these wind conditions but they usually produce less power compared to HAWT. Thus, a new type of wind turbine design is proposed to overcome the weaknesses of HAWT and VAWT namely the cross-axis-wind-turbine (CAWT). The CAWT has three vertical and six horizontal blades, which interacts with horizontal and vertical wind. The vertical wind is generated by introducing a deflector or an omni-directional shroud to direct the oncoming horizontal wind towards the horizontal blades. The shroud consists of stacked ring-like deflecting planes supported by vertical webs and an inverted funnel-shaped base. It was designed to produce vertical wind components from any horizontal wind direction. The performance of the shroud was investigated by using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, which showed significant vertical wind component located at the top of the proposed shroud. Experiments using deflectors to guide the oncoming airflow upward were designed to test the CAWT performance with various inclination angles (from 30 to 45°, with 5o increment). The experiments were also conducted with different pitch angles to identify the characteristics of the horizontal blades of the CAWT. A conventional H-rotor VAWT was tested under the same experimental conditions for benchmarking purposes. The results showed that the CAWT produced significant improvements in power output and rotational speed performance compared to the VAWT. It was found that the CAWT’s peak power coefficients (integrated with the 45° deflector) were increased significantly by 103 to 175 % at different tip speed ratios for various horizontal blade pitch angles. The study showed that the proposed CAWT was able to achieve maximum RPM of up to 112% higher than that of the VAWT counterpart as well as better starting behaviour. These preliminary findings show the potential of CAWT for future applications in many locations, creating significant opportunities for wind energy devices.

Wind Energy: Fundamentals, Resource Analysis and Economics

Citations

Simulation of Coast Wind Farm Construction

Assessment of Wind Characteristics and Electricity Generation Potential for Yanbu, Saudi Arabia

Design, development and testing of a novel power augmented cross-axis-wind-turbine

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