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The resonant cyclotron-motion excitation method is well-suited for bringing ions of low mass-to-charge ratio coherently to a large cyclotron orbital radius for detection or ejection.
This new type of cyclotron resonance leads to an instability growth rate well exceeding the inverse bounce/transit period of fast ions even for a small number of high energy ions.
The beam current of high energy ions can be increased by increasing the pressure of gas in the cyclotron tank to increase the probability of stripping.
The measurements show that heavy ions from a tandem accelerator can be injected into a cyclotron and stripped to give appropriate magnetic rigidity for acceleration to very high energies; for example, a 90-in.
Apparent disagreement among these observations concerning the existence of a high-mobility positive ion can be explained if there are two positive ions of major importance in cyclohexane radiolysis.
Moreover, it offers a substantially higher sensitivity since just two ions are sufficient to determine the ion’s cyclotron frequency.
The results of the numerical and analytical stability analysis are consistent with the experimental observations and provide an explanation for the simultaneous excitation of sequential multiple cyclotron harmonics of the fast ions, the sublinear correlation of the growth rate with the fast ion density and the stabilizing effect of the increasing fast ion velocity spread.
The observations are in good agreement with ion heating as the saturation mechanism for electrostatic ion cyclotron waves.
In addition, the role of the reflected ions for the mechanism of the electrostatic ion cyclotron instability could be seen in a new light.
Open accessJournal ArticleDOI
John Goree, M. Ono, K. L. Wong 
01 Sep 1985-Physics of Fluids
22 Citations
The backward branch of the electrostatic ion‐cyclotron wave has been observed for the first time.

Related Questions

What is positive?5 answersPositivity encompasses various dimensions such as acceptance, inspiration, and optimism. It can be viewed through the lens of deterministic and stochastic positivity, crucial for inference and causal understanding. Positive Psychology, a branch focusing on human thriving and talent development, emphasizes finding the brighter side of life and enhancing well-being. Positive education, a student-centered approach, promotes strengths, responsibility, gratitude, kindness, and meaningful interactions among peers. In critical care, the debate between enteral and parenteral nutrition highlights the importance of early and adequate feeding for the critically ill, with considerations for blood glucose levels and outcomes in different patient populations. Overall, positivity is a multifaceted concept that influences psychology, education, healthcare, and research methodologies.
What is a synchrotron?4 answersA synchrotron is a cyclical particle accelerator that uses synchronized electric and magnetic fields to guide particles along a prescribed path. It is used to produce intense synchrotron radiation, which covers a wide energy range from millimeter waves to hard X-rays. Synchrotrons provide exceptional brilliance, linear or circular polarizations, and exploitable temporal structure. They are valuable tools for studying complex materials in the field of heritage science, as they allow for spectroscopic and structural analysis at the micrometer and nanometer scales. Synchrotron radiation is emitted when charged particles are accelerated in a curved path or orbit, and it has various applications in research, including beamlines, monochromators, and free electron lasers. The design of synchrotrons takes into account factors such as size, weight, noise, and power consumption.
How can positive reinforcement be used to improve behavior?4 answersPositive reinforcement can be used to improve behavior by providing incentives and rewards for desired actions. This method has been widely used in various fields such as education, psychology, and medicine. In the context of education, teachers can use positive reinforcement to increase student discipline and promote positive behavior in the classroom. In psychology, positive reinforcement has been found to be effective in correcting problem behaviors, both in the classroom and in individuals with mental disorders. Additionally, positive reinforcement has been used in behavior modification techniques to strengthen adaptive behavior and eliminate maladaptive behavior. By using positive reinforcement, individuals are more likely to exhibit the desired behavior and maintain it over time.
What is positive control ?5 answersPositive control refers to a method or tool used in scientific experiments to validate the accuracy and reliability of the experimental results. It involves the use of known samples or conditions that are expected to produce a specific outcome or effect. Positive controls are used to compare and confirm the results obtained from the experimental group, ensuring that any observed effects are indeed due to the experimental manipulation and not due to other factors. Positive controls can be used in various fields, such as nucleic acid amplification reactions in molecular biology research, effect size estimation in social psychology studies, and stability analysis and controller optimization in dynamical systems and control theory. They serve as benchmarks for evaluating the validity and significance of experimental findings.
What is Positive Control?5 answersPositive control refers to a method or substance used in scientific experiments to ensure that the experimental system is functioning properly and to validate the results obtained. It is a known and predictable element that is included in the experiment to compare and verify the response of the system. Positive controls are used to establish a baseline or standard against which the experimental results can be compared. They help to determine if the experimental conditions are suitable and if the measurements or detections are accurate. Positive controls can be used in various fields such as social psychology, medical testing, nucleic acid detection, and control system synthesis. They play a crucial role in ensuring the reliability and validity of experimental findings.
What are the benefits of positive reinforcement?2 answersPositive reinforcement has several benefits. It is a research-based practice that supports appropriate behaviors and skills in young children. In nonhuman primates (NHPs), positive reinforcement training (PRT) enhances welfare, facilitates healthcare, and enables voluntary participation in medical care. In organizations, positive reinforcement improves employee performance by strengthening desired behaviors and eliminating negative behaviors. In biomedical research, PRT can help NHPs cope with research interventions and participate in their own medical care. In mice, positive reinforcement training can be used to teach them to stand still voluntarily, reducing stress and the need for anesthesia during procedures. Overall, positive reinforcement enhances learning, cooperation, trust, and well-being in various contexts.

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