scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Estimated average yield for amidation reaction? 


Best insight from top research papers

The estimated average yield for amidation reactions varied across the different papers. In the study by Venty Suryanti et al., the yield for the synthesis of an amide of eugenol derivative was reported to be 71.6% . Yoshio Kasashima et al. achieved a yield of 71% for the production of N-(1-phenylethyl)propanamide through the reaction of 1-phenylethanol with propanenitrile . Jiajia Gu et al. reported yields ranging from 86% to 96% for the metal-free oxidative amination of aromatic alcohols in the presence of TBHP . Sze-Man Au et al. achieved yields of 80-93% for the selective amidation of various hydrocarbons using iminoiodanes catalyzed by ruthenium complexes . Finally, Jordan D. Goodreid et al. described a highly efficient method for amidation reactions, giving products in good to excellent yields, although the specific average yield was not mentioned .

Answers from top 4 papers

More filters
Papers (4)Insight
The estimated average yield for the amidation reaction is not mentioned in the provided paper.
The estimated average yield for the amidation reaction of eugenyl oxyacetate ethyl ester with 1,3 diaminopropane is 71.6%.
The estimated average yield for the amidation reaction of 1-phenylethanol with propanenitrile is 71% according to the paper.
The estimated average yield for the amidation reaction in the paper is 86-96%.

Related Questions

What are synthesis methods of amides?4 answersAmides can be synthesized using various methods. One approach is the in-situ Grignard reagent formation in stirred suspensions of magnesium or calcium with hydryl halide and imine in THF, which allows the synthesis of amides with bulky silyl-free substituents. Another method is the electrochemical oxidative amidation, which involves the use of sodium iodide as both electrolyte and mediator in aqueous solution at room temperature, resulting in the synthesis of amides from benzyl alcohols and aldehydes with amines. Additionally, the acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of epoxides and amines catalyzed by ruthenium pincer complexes can also be used to form amides, with H2 gas as the only byproduct. A one-pot synthesis of amides can be achieved by reacting isocyanate intermediates, generated in situ in the presence of 2-chloropyridine and trifluoromethanesulfonyl anhydride, with Grignard reagents. These methods provide efficient and diverse approaches for the synthesis of amides.
Amidation reaction for TiO2 based catalyst5 answersTiO2-based catalysts have been investigated for amidation reactions in several studies. Patil et al. prepared a TiO2/SnO2 nanocomposite catalyst and utilized it for the direct amidation reaction between amine derivatives and acetic acid, achieving excellent product yield at a moderate temperature. Özyağcı et al. used TiO2-supported catalysts immobilized on clinoptilolite for the esterification reaction of 1-octanol with acetic acid. Dutta et al. prepared a TiO2 encapsulated cuprous iodide catalyst and successfully applied it in the oxidative amidation of alkynes, synthesizing α-ketoarylamides from various substrates. Toyao et al. reported a TiO2-supported Re catalyst that promoted selective hydrogenation reactions, including the hydrogenation of esters to alcohols and the hydrogenation of amides to amines. Ali et al. found that Nb2O5 showed high activity in the direct amidation of esters with amines, giving high yields under solvent-free conditions.
How to convert nitrile to amide?5 answersTo convert nitrile to amide, there are several methods described in the abstracts. One method involves catalyzing organic nitrile hydration with an oxide material in the presence of a solvent, water, and a catalyst. Another method utilizes enzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution with a nitrile hydratase enzyme to form the desired amide compound. Additionally, a method involving the reaction of hydrolysis by heating nitrile under specific conditions and in the presence of an alkaline catalyst is described. Another approach involves the post-synthesis modification of a specific polymer using hydrogen peroxide as a reagent. Each of these methods offers a different approach to convert nitrile to amide, providing options for different reaction conditions and catalysts.
How can amido-enol compounds be synthesized?5 answersAmido-enol compounds can be synthesized by reacting enolisable ketones and esters with aldehyde derivatives and nitrile compounds in the presence of Lewis acid catalysts. Another method involves reacting a 6-halomethyl-4H-2,3-dioxin-4-one compound with a primary or secondary amine and carbon monoxide in the presence of a platinum group metal catalyst. Additionally, a process for preparing amido ester compounds involves forming a mixture of a phenol derivative and an amido-carboxylic acid, and then adding a carboxylic anhydride incrementally while distilling a by-product carboxylic acid. These amido-enol compounds have various applications, including as bleach activators and in the prevention and treatment of inflammatory conditions, autoimmune disorders, cancer, and graft-versus-host disease.
How to make an ATRP reaction?4 answersAn ATRP reaction can be conducted by following several steps. First, the reaction requires a catalyst, such as CuBr/PMDETA, to initiate the polymerization process. Next, the monomer and initiator are combined in the presence of the catalyst, and the reaction is initiated by adding a reducing agent, such as ascorbic acid. The reaction conditions, including temperature and time, can be adjusted to control the molecular weight and structure of the resulting polymer. The polymerization can be monitored using techniques such as SEC and GPC to estimate the purity and molecular weight of the polymer. Additionally, the ATRP reaction can be used to functionalize polymers by incorporating specific end groups, such as coumarin groups, which can undergo further reactions, such as [2+2] cycloaddition under UV irradiation. Overall, ATRP offers a versatile method for controlled polymerization and functionalization of polymers.
How can the yield of esterification be improved?5 answersThe yield of esterification can be improved by several methods. One approach is to control the concentration of alcohol in the reaction solution at different temperature points, which can shorten the reaction time and increase production efficiency. Another method is to uniformly add absolute ethanol from the bottom of the reaction kettle, which improves esterification efficiency and reduces the consumption of absolute ethanol, thereby reducing production costs. Additionally, changing the parameters of the experiment, such as temperature and catalysts, can enhance the yield of the esterification reaction. For example, using p-toluene sulphonic acid as a catalyst and optimizing the temperature range can increase the yield of the reaction. Furthermore, the use of DMAP as a catalyst in carbodiimide-activated esterification reactions can significantly enhance reactivity and improve yields. Finally, in the esterification of glucurolactone, adding glacial acetic acid and utilizing it as a replacement for alcohol can significantly improve the esterification yield and reduce material costs.

See what other people are reading

What exposed crystal plane of gold is highly active for catalytic reactions?
5 answers
What exposed crystal plane of gold is highly active for catalytic reactions?
5 answers
How does the Soxhlet extraction technique compare to other methods in terms of efficiency and accuracy?
5 answers
The Soxhlet extraction technique offers high efficiency and accuracy compared to other methods in various applications. In the extraction of bioactives from plant parts, a perforated tube-based approach showed superior efficiency over traditional Soxhlet apparatus, providing higher quantities of bioactives with shorter extraction times. Similarly, for obtaining pristine graphene, Soxhlet extraction facilitated delicate polymer removal, resulting in samples with lower residual polymer content and superior structural qualities. Additionally, in the rinsing of graphite-oxide, Soxhlet extraction proved to be environmentally friendly and economically advantageous, allowing for solvent reuse and reducing hazardous waste production. Overall, Soxhlet extraction methods demonstrate enhanced efficiency, accuracy, and cost-effectiveness in various extraction and purification processes compared to conventional techniques.
How much is the leaves yield of cloves tree per ha?
5 answers
The yield of clove leaves per hectare varies based on the elevation and location of the clove plantations. Research conducted in different regions provides insights into this variability. In areas like Sipora District, the average yield of clove leaf essential oil was found to be around 2.13%. On the other hand, at elevations ranging from 100 to 200 m above sea level, the yield of clove leaf essential oil was approximately 2.8%, while at elevations of 701-800 m above sea level, the yield decreased to 1.27%. These variations in yield highlight the importance of factors like elevation and geographical conditions in determining the productivity of clove leaves per hectare.
What Is The Best tea Drink To increase Blood Pressure Quickly?
4 answers
The best tea drink to increase blood pressure quickly is the Sophorae Flos tea. This tea is specifically designed to improve high blood pressure and is manufactured through optimal drying and roasting steps of Sophorae Flos, which is known for its effectiveness against high blood pressure. Additionally, the Muyu-stone tea drinkcontains ingredients that can have healthcare effects and is suitable for consumption outdoors. On the other hand, the antihypertensive tea drinkis designed to treat hypertension and hyperlipidemia while nourishing the liver and kidney simultaneously. These tea drinks offer various health benefits and can be effective in managing blood pressure levels, each with its unique blend of ingredients and preparation methods.
What are the basic precautions in the production of clove leaf essential oil, from harvest to marketing?
5 answers
Basic precautions in the production of clove leaf essential oil, from harvest to marketing, include optimizing extraction methods to maximize yield and quality. Techniques like fermentation before distillation can enhance oil extraction efficiency. Utilizing stable microemulsions can help maintain the stability of clove leaf essential oil, especially in food applications. Employing innovative methods like microcapsule β-cyclodextrin in aqueous two-phase systems can improve the extraction process, ensuring higher selectivity and purity of the essential oil. Additionally, proper storage conditions post-extraction are crucial to preserve the quality of the oil, considering factors like variety, maturity level, and drying processes to prevent chemical changes during storage. These precautions collectively contribute to enhancing the production and marketing of clove leaf essential oil.
What are the possible reuse of the byproducts made by leaves cloves essential oils ?
5 answers
The byproducts generated from the extraction of essential oils from clove leaves can be effectively reused in various ways. Firstly, the fragrant water extracted during the process can be utilized as a taste enhancer or for re-extraction of oil. Additionally, the waste generated from essential oil production can be converted into biomass briquettes, serving as an energy source for production activities in various industries. Furthermore, the waste from clove leaf refining can be transformed into biopellets, offering an alternative fuel solution for electricity generation in power plants. These reuses not only help in efficient waste management but also contribute to additional income generation and sustainable practices in the agricultural and industrial sectors.
What is oxidation and reduction reactions?
5 answers
Oxidation and reduction reactions, collectively known as redox reactions, involve the transfer of electrons between compounds, leading to changes in their oxidation states. In these reactions, oxidation refers to the loss of electrons by a species, while reduction involves the gain of electrons. Redox reactions are fundamental in chemistry, driving most chemical processes by facilitating the transfer of oxygen and/or electrons between reactants. Common chemical oxidants used in various processes include oxygen, chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, and ozone, each playing a crucial role in oxidation reactions, particularly in water treatment applications. Chemists often assess redox conditions in environmental systems like soils and water bodies by analyzing electrochemical potential and pH data on Pourbaix stability diagrams.
How does the dipping time of Citrashine® affect the bioactive compounds present in Classic Round tomato fruit?
4 answers
The dipping time of Citrashine® can influence the bioactive compounds in Classic Round tomato fruit. Studies have shown that the application of technological processes, such as microwave treatment, can affect the content of bioactive compounds in tomatoes, potentially increasing their levels. Additionally, the combination of stresses like salinity and high temperature has been found to impact the yield and quality of tomatoes, leading to changes in the concentrations of various compounds, including phenolic compounds and carotenoids. Furthermore, the content of bioactive compounds in tomato fruits is dependent on factors like the variety, mulching film, and agronomical interventions, with a negative correlation between yield and bioactive compound content observed. Therefore, altering the dipping time of Citrashine® may modulate the bioactive compounds in Classic Round tomato fruit, potentially affecting their nutritional value and quality.
Can basalt fibre improve the bending properties of a polymer?
5 answers
Basalt fiber can indeed enhance the bending properties of polymers. Research has shown that modifying basalt fiber fabrics with functionalized carbon nanotubes and polydopamine significantly improves the bending properties of composites, increasing maximum bending loads by around 31%. Additionally, the interfacial properties of basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) composites can be enhanced by using thermoplastic sizing agents, leading to improved tensile strength, compressive strength, and flexural strength compared to desized composites. While basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) exhibits better thermal stability and mechanical properties than traditional glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP), further improvements in interfacial bonding strength between basalt fiber and resin are necessary to optimize mechanical and electrical properties. Therefore, basalt fiber can enhance the bending properties of polymers through proper modifications and interface enhancements.
How essentials oils can help with Complementary therapies?
5 answers
Essential oils (EOs) are integral to complementary therapies like aromatherapy, offering a natural approach to enhance physical and psychological well-being. These oils, derived from various plant parts, contain bioactive compounds like terpenes, aldehydes, and phenols, known for their diverse therapeutic properties. EOs can effectively alleviate conditions such as depression, headache, insomnia, and respiratory problems by directly affecting physiological processes in the body. The global market for essential oil-based therapy is growing, with EOs being used for pain management, inflammation, psychological disorders, and even COVID-19 symptoms. Despite their benefits, caution is advised as EOs can be toxic if not used safely under professional guidance. Overall, EOs play a significant role in complementary therapies by offering a natural and holistic approach to improving overall health and well-being.