How to isolation staphylococcus epidermidis in acne skin?5 answersTo isolate Staphylococcus epidermidis in acne skin, samples can be collected from acne lesions for culture. The specimens can be cultured on specific agar plates like trypticase soy agar (TSA) and mannitol salt agar to isolate suspected colonies. Identification of the isolates can be done through biochemical tests such as catalase, coagulase, oxidase, and Gram staining. In cases of acne patients, Staphylococcus epidermidis was found to be a dominant bacterium. Additionally, the prevalence of Staphylococcus epidermidis in acne patients was reported to be around 27.08% aerobically. By following these methods and utilizing the Vitek-2 compact system for examination, Staphylococcus epidermidis can be successfully isolated from acne skin samples.
Does collagen increase sebum production and contribute to acne?4 answersCollagen itself does not directly increase sebum production or contribute to acne. In fact, a collagen dressing designed for acne treatment aims to reduce acne-related issues. The collagen dressing contains natural ingredients like sea hydrolysis collagen, dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, and aloe gel powder, which promote tissue compatibility, inhibit harmful bacteria, and aid in acne treatment. On the other hand, sebum production in acne is influenced by factors like de novo lipogenesis (DNL) within sebocytes. Excess sebum production, mainly derived from DNL, is linked to acne vulgaris pathogenesis. Inhibition of DNL through an acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor significantly reduces sebum production, highlighting the role of DNL in acne development. Therefore, collagen-based treatments do not contribute to sebum overproduction or acne; instead, they offer benefits in managing acne-related concerns.
Keratinocytes can survive in low supplement?5 answersKeratinocytes have shown varying levels of survival under different conditions. Studies have indicated that human keratinocytes cultured in full growth factor supplements exhibit resistance to ultraviolet radiation-induced apoptosis compared to those cultured without full growth factor supplements. Additionally, the stability of human epidermal cells at low temperatures differs based on their stage of differentiation, with stem cells and transitory cells being more stable than differentiated cells. Moreover, low-energy x-ray irradiation has been shown to affect the survival rate of different cell lines, with human epithelial cells exhibiting a decreased survival rate compared to murine fibroblasts under low-energy x-ray exposure. Therefore, the survival of keratinocytes in low supplement conditions may vary depending on factors such as differentiation stage and exposure to specific stressors.
Are keratinocytes able to survive in low supplementation?4 answersKeratinocytes have been studied under various culture conditions to assess their survival and functionality. Research indicates that keratinocytes can survive in low supplementation conditions. Studies have shown that primary human neonatal epidermal keratinocytes cultured in low calcium media with a ROCK inhibitor exhibited increased proliferative capacity and lifespan. Additionally, a serum-free keratinocyte culture medium has been developed to mimic growth-limiting conditions, suggesting that keratinocytes can adapt to reduced nutrient availability. Furthermore, the addition of specific compounds like ascorbic acid derivatives or low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide has been shown to extend the lifespan of keratinocytes, indicating their ability to thrive under certain stressors. These findings collectively suggest that keratinocytes possess adaptability to survive and function effectively under low supplementation conditions.
What is the role of human keratinocyte cells in skin health and disease?4 answersHuman keratinocyte cells play a crucial role in maintaining skin health and are involved in various skin diseases. Keratinocytes serve as a physical barrier, contribute to immune defense, and modulate neurological function. They are responsible for the differentiation of the epidermis and the formation of the skin barrier. Keratinocytes also play a role in cutaneous nociception, pruritus, and inflammation. Inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis involve the activation of T cells by keratinocytes, leading to epidermal hyperplasia. In atopic dermatitis, keratinocytes release pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, contributing to the inflammatory response. Understanding the role of keratinocytes in skin health and disease is important for developing new treatments and biomarkers for skin conditions like atopic dermatitis.
How do keratocytes become fibroblasts?2 answersKeratocytes become fibroblasts through a process called phenotypic transformation or epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This transformation occurs in response to insults or injuries to the cornea, such as breaches in the corneal epithelium or hypoxia. Factors like damage-associated molecular patterns, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and cytokines play a role in activating keratocytes and inducing their transformation into fibroblasts. The expression of various chemokines and adhesion molecules by corneal fibroblasts determines the selective recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells. Additionally, the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) microenvironment in keloid scars can induce keratinocytes to undergo EMT and adopt a fibroblast-like appearance. The process of keratocyte transformation to fibroblasts is important for wound healing and tissue repair in the cornea.