How do catalytic converters work in automobiles?
Best insight from top research papers
Catalytic converters in automobiles work by using precious metals, such as rhodium, to react with pollutants and smog-forming compounds in the engine exhaust, effectively stripping them away . These converters are typically composed of a catalysis module surrounded by a sound absorbing material, which is then embedded in upper and lower housing units . The catalysis module induces a catalytic reaction on the surface of a filter, while the housing units restrict the sound absorbing material within them . The converters also have elongated passages that allow exhaust gases to flow through, facilitating the cleaning process . Additionally, the state of catalytic converters can be determined directly using a radio frequency-based technique, where the housing of the converters serves as a cavity resonator and antennas are mounted for sensing . By optimizing the design and composition of catalytic converters, they can effectively minimize sulfur poisoning and improve overall air quality .
Answers from top 5 papers
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| Papers (5) | Insight |
|---|---|
| Catalytic converters in automobiles work by using a three-way catalyst to convert harmful emissions from the engine into less harmful substances. | |
18 Dec 2018 | The paper does not provide information on how catalytic converters work in automobiles. |
| Catalytic converters in automobiles work by using a catalysis module composed of a sound absorbing material surrounding a filter to induce a catalysis reaction. | |
| Catalytic converters in automobiles work by using a catalyst to convert harmful exhaust gases into less harmful substances through a series of chemical reactions. | |
| Catalytic converters in automobiles work by using precious metals like rhodium to react with pollutants in the exhaust and convert them into less harmful substances. |
Related Questions
How much percentage of air pollutants emissions reduces by using catalytic converter on vehicles exhaust?3 answersThe use of catalytic converters on vehicle exhaust can reduce air pollutant emissions by a significant percentage. Studies have shown that the maximum reduction in CO2 emissions can be up to 42.85%. The reduction in CO emissions can reach up to 83%. Additionally, the use of catalytic converters can lead to a reduction in HC emissions by up to 18.4%. Another study found that the highest reduction in CO levels was achieved at an engine speed of 2000 rpm, with a reduction of 5.23. The highest percentage reduction in HC levels was observed at an engine speed of 1000 rpm, with a reduction of 645%. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of catalytic converters in reducing air pollutant emissions from vehicle exhaust.
How spent catalytic converter used again in automotive?3 answersSpent automotive catalytic converters can be reused by recovering the precious metals present in them. Various methods have been explored for the recovery of platinum group metals (PGMs) from spent converters. One method involves the hydrometallurgical leaching of the metals using organic and inorganic acids. Another method utilizes hydroalcoholic extracts of certain plants, such as Cistus ladanifer L., Erica Andevalensis, and Rubus idaeus L., to separate and precipitate PGMs from the leachates. Liquid-liquid extraction with quaternary phosphonium ionic liquid has also been used to recover PGMs from the leach solutions and separate platinum from rhodium. The composition of catalytic converters can vary, with some containing a metallic carrier made of FeCrAl steel or ceramic carriers made of Al2O3. The recovery of PGMs from spent catalytic converters is important for their economic and environmental benefits.
How spent catalytic converter used again directy in automotive?5 answersSpent automotive catalytic converters can be used again in automotive applications through a process called recovery and recycling. The process involves the extraction of precious metals, such as platinum group metals (PGMs), from the spent converters using hydrometallurgical techniques like leaching and liquid-liquid extraction. The composition of the catalytic converters includes ceramic or metallic carriers, which contain PGMs like platinum, palladium, and rhodium. These metals play a catalytic role in the converters, facilitating the conversion of harmful exhaust gases into less harmful substances. The recovered PGMs can then be used to manufacture new catalytic converters or for other applications. The recovery process involves leaching the metals from the spent converters using acids like aqua regia or a mixture of HCl, H2SO4, and H2O2, followed by liquid-liquid extraction using an ionic liquid. This process allows for the separation and purification of the PGMs for reuse.
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