Search or ask a question

How does gamma-h2ax relate to development of cancers?

Best insight from top research papers

Gamma-H2AX, a phosphorylated form of histone H2AX in response to DNA double-strand breaks, plays a crucial role in cancer development. It serves as a biomarker for genotoxic carcinogens, aiding in their detection with high accuracy in both in vitro and in vivo assays. Studies have shown that gamma-H2AX expression is elevated in various human precancerous and cancerous lesions, indicating its potential as a prognostic marker for several cancers. In colorectal cancer, gamma-H2AX levels have been linked to radiosensitivity, with higher expression associated with better outcomes following preoperative radiotherapy. Additionally, gamma-H2AX has been explored as a biomarker in breast cancer, where its expression correlates with adverse clinicopathological parameters, suggesting a role in disease progression. Overall, gamma-H2AX emerges as a valuable indicator of DNA damage response and repair processes implicated in carcinogenesis.

Answers from top 4 papers

PDF

Open Access

More filters

Papers (4)	Insight
Open access•Journal Article•DOI γ-H2AX as a potential indicator of radiosensitivity in colorectal cancer cells. Satoshi Kawashima, Nao Kawaguchi, Kohei Taniguchi, Keitaro Tashiro, Kazumasa Komura, Tomohito Tanaka, Yosuke Inomata, Yoshiro Imai, Ryo Tanaka, Masashi Yamamoto, Yoshihiro Inoue, Sang-Woong Lee, Masaru Kawai, Keitaro Tanaka, Junji Okuda, Kazuhisa Uchiyama - Show less +15 more 01 Sep 2020-Oncology Letters 12 Citations	Gamma-H2AX, induced by DNA double-strand breaks, is associated with colorectal cancer development. It serves as a potential indicator of radiosensitivity in colorectal cancer cells.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI gamma-H2AX: A potential biomarker in breast cancer. Palla Viktoria Varvara, Georgios Karaolanis, Christos Valavanis, Gabriela Stanc, Olympia Tzaida, Helen Trihia, Paul Patapis, Dimitrios Dimitroulis, Despoina Perrea - Show less +8 more 25 Sep 2019-Tumor Biology 13 Citations	Gamma-H2AX, a biomarker for DNA double-strand breaks, correlates with breast cancer progression. Higher levels are associated with larger tumors, higher grade, and more affected lymph nodes, indicating cancer development.
Journal Article•DOI Gamma-H2AX Expression as a Biomarker of Carcinogenesis: Applications to Toxicology 01 Jan 2023-Biomarkers in disease	Gamma-H2AX expression indicates DNA double-strand breaks, a key factor in carcinogenesis. It serves as a biomarker for detecting genotoxic carcinogens accurately and is highly expressed in human precancerous and cancerous lesions.
Book Chapter•DOI Gamma-H2AX Expression as a Biomarker of Carcinogenesis: Applications to Toxicology 01 Jan 2022	Gamma-H2AX is a biomarker for carcinogenesis, indicating DNA damage. It is highly expressed in precancerous and cancerous lesions, serving as a prognostic marker for various cancers.

My columns

Related Questions

How can gamma-h2ax be used as a Prognostic Marker for Secondary Malignancies in Childhood Neuroblastoma Survivors?5 answersGamma-H2AX can serve as a prognostic marker for secondary malignancies in childhood neuroblastoma survivors. The phosphorylation of histone H2AX to form gamma-H2AX is a sensitive indicator of DNA double-strand breaks, which are crucial in cancer development. Studies have shown that gamma-H2AX is highly expressed in various precancerous and cancerous lesions, indicating its potential as a biomarker for tumorigenesis and a prognostic marker for different cancers. In the context of childhood neuroblastoma survivors, monitoring gamma-H2AX levels could help in early detection of secondary malignancies, as its formation is linked to genomic instability and cancer progression. Therefore, assessing gamma-H2AX levels in these survivors may aid in predicting the risk of developing secondary malignancies and guide appropriate medical management.

What is the role of genetic factors in the development of cancer?5 answersGenetic factors play a critical role in the development of cancer. Gene mutations, such as FGFR2, KRAS, TP53, and ARIAD1A, are commonly found in different types of cancer, including cholangiocarcinoma and bile duct cancer. Epigenetic events, such as DNA hypermethylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and miRNA expression disturbances, also contribute to cancer development. Additionally, genetic variations in phase I and phase II xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) can determine the outcome of exposure to environmental carcinogens. Gene-environment interactions further modulate cancer susceptibility, with specific allelic variants influencing disease incidence and prevalence rates. Understanding the molecular genetic features of cancer can lead to the identification of new prognostic and diagnostic markers, as well as individualized approaches to treatment. Overall, genetic factors, including gene mutations, epigenetic changes, and gene-environment interactions, significantly contribute to the development of cancer.

What is the role of Ets 2 oncogene in the development of cancer?5 answersThe Ets-2 oncogene plays a role in the development of cancer by promoting tumor initiation and growth in pancreatic cancer. It regulates essential signaling pathways in stromal fibroblasts and is critical for tumor-stroma co-evolution. In prostate cancer, the Ets-2 related gene (ERG) is consistently overexpressed and is involved in tumor progression, enhancing tumor growth, promoting inflammatory and angiogenic responses, and increasing the ability of cancer cells to metastasize. In various human cancers, including ovarian cancer, inappropriate expression of Ets-1, another member of the Ets transcription factor family, is observed and is associated with transformation, autonomous proliferation, and tumor formation. Ets-1 regulates the important cellular mitogen transforming growth factor α (TGFα), which is involved in tumor cell proliferation and autonomous growth. The electromagnetic fields can treat tumors and the PCR/RFLPs technique using ETS-1 oncogene can be a useful diagnostic technique.

What is the relationship between the amount of H2O produced in combustion and the amount of heat released?3 answersStep 1: Answer without citation The amount of H2O produced in combustion has a significant impact on the amount of heat released. The presence of H2O affects the combustion characteristics, leading to a greater ignition delay, faster burnout, and higher comprehensive reactivity. Additionally, the diffusivity and heat capacity of the combustion atmosphere are improved by H2O, resulting in a positive effect on combustion. Furthermore, the addition of H2O into the biogas lowers the axial temperature levels, indicating a change in the heat release. Step 3: Answer with citation The amount of H2O produced in combustion has a significant impact on the amount of heat released, affecting the combustion characteristics, leading to a greater ignition delay, faster burnout, and higher comprehensive reactivity, as observed in the study by Yi et al.. Additionally, the diffusivity and heat capacity of the combustion atmosphere are improved by H2O, resulting in a positive effect on combustion, as discussed by Sahin and Ilbas. Furthermore, the addition of H2O into the biogas lowers the axial temperature levels, indicating a change in the heat release, as indicated by Sahin and Ilbas.

How does western blotting helps in gamma h2ax detection?3 answersWestern blotting is a technique used to detect specific proteins in a sample. It involves separating proteins using gel electrophoresis and transferring them onto a membrane, where they are probed with specific antibodies. In the case of gamma-H2AX detection, western blotting can be used to detect the phosphorylated derivative of H2AX, known as gamma-H2AX. Antibodies specific to gamma-H2AX can be used to probe the membrane and detect the presence of gamma-H2AX molecules. This technique allows for the visualization and quantification of gamma-H2AX foci in cells, tissues, and yeast. By using western blotting, researchers can study the formation and dynamics of gamma-H2AX foci in response to DNA double-strand breaks, as well as investigate the presence of cryptogenic foci in senescent cells and aging organisms.

What are the mechanisms by which FXYD2 promotes cancer?4 answersFXYD2, also known as FCHSD2, promotes cancer through multiple mechanisms. Firstly, FXYD2 regulates clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, impacting the recycling of EGFR and MET receptors and diverting their trafficking towards late endosomes and lysosomes. This leads to the nuclear translocation of active ERK1/2, enhancing transcription and upregulation of EGFR and MET. Additionally, FXYD2 loss correlates with higher tumor grades of NSCLC, suggesting its involvement in cancer progression. Secondly, FXYD2 is associated with the Wnt signaling pathway, which plays a crucial role in cancer development and stemness. Aberrant Wnt signaling is observed in various cancer types, including colorectal cancer, and targeting this pathway has shown promise as a therapeutic strategy. Therefore, FXYD2's role in regulating endocytic trafficking and its association with the Wnt signaling pathway contribute to its promotion of cancer.

See what other people are reading

What affect does formaldehyde have on mitochondria and intracellular calcium?

Formaldehyde has significant effects on mitochondria and intracellular calcium levels. Exposure to formaldehyde leads to cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and necrosis, affecting cellular physiology. Formaldehyde induces misfolding of neuronal tau protein, hippocampal neuronal apoptosis, and cognitive impairment. It also triggers oxidative stress, reduces mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibits mitochondrial respiration, and induces apoptosis in sensitive neuronal cells. Mitochondrial formaldehyde levels can damage mitochondria by decreasing membrane potential and inhibiting respiration. Additionally, formaldehyde exposure can increase intracellular calcium levels in cultured hippocampal neurons, potentially involving NMDAR and T-type Ca2+ channels. In summary, formaldehyde disrupts mitochondrial function, leading to structural rearrangements, DNA double-strand breaks, and activation of mitophagy, while also impacting intracellular calcium signaling pathways.Isoforms of the protein clusterin

Clusterin (CLU) has multiple isoforms with distinct functions. In Alzheimer's disease, a non-glycosylated 45 kDa isoform called mitoCLU is found in the mitochondrial matrix of neurons and astrocytes, contributing to disease development. In osteoarthritis, two isoforms of clusterin have opposing roles: secreted clusterin (sCLU) acts as a cytoprotective chaperone, while nuclear clusterin (nCLU) promotes cell death. Additionally, CLU isoforms play a role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), where abnormal expression is linked to cancer progression, but the exact roles in carcinogenesis remain unclear. The presence of sCLU and nCLU isoforms has also been observed in a primary culture of porcine aortic endothelial cells, with sCLU being the predominant form influenced by lipopolysaccharide exposure.What are the mechanisms behind repression of pancreatic beta cell disallowed genes?

The repression of disallowed genes in pancreatic beta cells involves intricate mechanisms. Epigenetic regulation by Polycomb Repressive Complexes (PRC) plays a crucial role. Histone modifications and DNA methylation, particularly via DNMT3A, contribute to the repression of disallowed genes during beta cell maturation. Additionally, microRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in gene disallowance, with miRNA depletion leading to upregulation of specific disallowed genes like Fcgrt, Oat, and Pdgfra. Furthermore, the selective repression of certain genes involved in cellular proliferation, such as Yap1 and Igfbp4, is observed in beta cells, indicating a mechanism to control beta cell growth and insulin production. These findings highlight the complex interplay of epigenetic, transcriptional, and posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms in maintaining the unique gene expression profile of pancreatic beta cells.What are the current challenges and future prospects for using telomeres as a target for malaria control efforts?

Telomeres present both challenges and future prospects for malaria control efforts. Challenges include the genetic diversity of malaria parasites and the rapid evolution of drug resistance, making accurate and rapid diagnosis crucial. Additionally, the stalled progress in global malaria elimination has led to calls for new control methods, including genetic biocontrol approaches like gene-drive-modified mosquitoes (GDMMs). On the other hand, recent research has shown that telomere healing plays a crucial role in maintaining genome integrity in response to DNA breaks, suggesting a potential target for intervention. Understanding the dynamics of telomere addition and chromosome end stabilization could lead to innovative strategies for disrupting variant antigen diversification in malaria parasites, offering promising avenues for future control efforts.Is KLK7 assoacited with cancer?

KLK7, a kallikrein-related peptidase, is indeed associated with cancer. Research indicates that KLK7 is overexpressed in various tumor types, including squamous cell carcinomas, ovarian and endometrium cancers, salivary gland tumors, and adenocarcinomas of the upper gastrointestinal tract. In breast and lung cancers, the long non-coding RNA KRT7-AS acts as a tumor suppressor by regulating KLK7 levels, impacting tumorigenesis and apoptosis. Moreover, in basal-like breast cancer, KLK7 mRNA levels are significantly higher, potentially influencing patient survival outcomes. Additionally, in ovarian cancer, elevated KLK7 expression is associated with disease progression and poorer prognosis. Notably, in triple-negative breast cancer, high KLK7 protein levels are linked to improved overall survival, suggesting a favorable prognostic value in this specific cancer subtype.Is high fat diet increase acetic acid produced in the liver?

High-fat diets can impact acetic acid production in the liver. Research suggests that acetic acid, a component of vinegar, may play a role in preventing obesity by restoring bile acid balance. Additionally, high-fat diets can induce excessive liver fat deposition, affecting lipid synthesis pathways involving acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Studies on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) models show that high-fat diets can lead to liver inflammation, potentially progressing to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Furthermore, metabolically driven histone hyperacetylation in steatotic hepatocytes from high-fat diets can increase DNA damage, potentially initiating hepatocellular carcinogenesis. Therefore, while high-fat diets can impact acetic acid production and lipid metabolism in the liver, they can also lead to detrimental effects such as liver inflammation and carcinogenesis.How effective are exosomal miRNAs in the treatment of lung cancer compared to conventional therapies?

Exosomal miRNAs show promise in lung cancer treatment compared to conventional therapies. They play crucial roles in tumor growth, metastasis, and drug delivery. Exosomes can serve as diagnostic markers for early lung cancer detectionand carry therapeutic cargoes like drugs and microRNAs. Exosomal miRNAs are involved in regulating cellular processes and tumor immune responses, potentially aiding in differential diagnosis and understanding lung cancer pathophysiology. Moreover, exosomes as drug carriers offer advantages like biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and the ability to target tumors effectively with reduced toxicity. While exosomal miRNAs hold promise for improving lung cancer treatment outcomes, further research and clinical testing are needed to fully establish their efficacy.What are the dna demethylation inhibitors in crops?

In crops, DNA demethylation inhibitors play a crucial role in regulating DNA methylation levels. Some of the inhibitors identified include 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (AzaD), 5-azacytidine (AC), 2'-deoxy-5-azacytidine (DAC), zebularine, and 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep). These inhibitors have been shown to effectively inhibit DNA methylation processes and induce genome-wide hypomethylation, leading to significant epigenetic variations in plants. Additionally, nonmethylable cytosine analogs like 5-azacytidine and zebularine have been widely used to inhibit DNA methyltransferase activity in Arabidopsis thaliana, resulting in reduced genomic DNA methylation levels. Understanding the mechanisms and effects of these DNA demethylation inhibitors is crucial for manipulating DNA methylation patterns in crops, with potential applications in crop breeding and biotechnology.What is the need of blood biomarkers of TBI?

Blood biomarkers of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) are crucial for accurate diagnosis and prognosis assessment. These biomarkers, such as S100B, GFAP, UCHL1, NF-L, and tau, provide insights into the severity of TBI, staging within the injury and recovery processes, and quantifiable metrics for brain injury reversal and recovery. They help in predicting TBI, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) by quantifying specific protein structures and properties. Blood-based biomarkers aid in diagnosing TBI across different age groups, with potential to streamline diagnosis, especially in older adults. Additionally, these biomarkers can reduce unnecessary transfers for MRI scans in critically ill TBI patients, enhancing patient management without added costs. The development of blood biomarkers, along with biosensing techniques, offers a rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective approach for early TBI detection and improved treatment strategies.Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) in breast cancer survival

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) play crucial roles in protein synthesis and have been implicated in cancer, including breast cancer. Studies have shown that ARSs are often upregulated in tumors, correlating with worse patient survival outcomes. Specifically, methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MARS) has been identified as significantly upregulated in breast cancer tissues, associated with poor prognosis, and linked to cancer progression. The dysregulation of ARSs, including MARS, in breast cancer highlights their potential as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for improving clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies. Analyzing ARS expression data from large-scale projects like the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) can provide valuable insights into the molecular and prognostic impact of ARSs in breast cancer, potentially identifying specific ARS family members as promising targets for biological cancer therapies.What is the topic research that interesting for black tea in 2004-2005?

Research on black tea in 2004-2005 covered various intriguing topics. Studies focused on the inhibitory effects of black tea components on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, highlighting potential therapeutic benefits for neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, investigations delved into the biofunctions of thearubigins (TRs) in black tea, emphasizing their antioxidative, antimutagenic, and anticancer effects. Furthermore, research explored the impact of black tea on gut microbiota, revealing its ability to modulate microbiome populations, prevent obesity, and regulate DNA methylation, providing insights into the mechanisms behind its anti-obesity properties. Moreover, studies demonstrated that black tea inhibits digestive enzymes, such as α-glucosidase and sucrase, leading to reduced postprandial blood glucose levels in healthy individuals.