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How does SRAS-CoV-2 replication?

Phosphoproteomics

Chromosomal translocation

Viral pathogenesis

Subgenomic mRNA

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SARS-CoV-2 replication involves several key steps. The virus activates the host p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which plays a role in inflammatory cytokine production . Additionally, the virus is subject to restriction by interferon-inducible host proteins, such as receptor transporter protein 4 (RTP4) . Single-molecule RNA-fluorescence in situ hybridization (smRNA-FISH) analysis has shown that viral genomic and subgenomic RNAs (gRNA and sgRNA) are synthesized within replication organelles (ROs) in infected cells . The replication of the viral genome is performed by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, which exhibits high efficiency and unique enzymatic reactivity . Molecular dynamics simulations have revealed the dynamic translocation of the nascent-template duplex during replication, involving asynchronous and rate-limiting movements of the nucleotides . These insights into SARS-CoV-2 replication provide a basis for understanding the virus's molecular events and identifying potential therapeutic targets .

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Open access•Posted Content•DOI SARS-CoV-2 RdRp Follows Asynchronous Translocation Pathway for Viral Transcription and Replication 15 Jun 2022	The paper provides insights into the translocation dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp during viral replication and transcription, but it does not specifically explain how SARS-CoV-2 replication occurs.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Modeling the Enzymatic Mechanism of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase by DFT/MM-MD: An Unusual Active Site Leading to High Replication Rates Emmanuelle Bignon, Antonio Monari - Show less +1 more 18 Aug 2022-Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 7 Citations	The paper provides a mechanistic resolution of SARS-CoV-2 genome replication. It highlights the high efficiency of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and its unusual enzymatic reactivity.
Open access•Posted Content•DOI Visualization of early RNA replication kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 by using single molecule RNA-FISH Rajiv Pathak, Carolina Eliscovich, Ignacio Mena, Updesh Dixit, Adolfo García-Sastre, Robert H. Singer, Ganjam V. Kalpana - Show less +6 more 12 Dec 2022-bioRxiv	The paper provides insights into the kinetics of early post-entry events of SARS-CoV-2 replication, including the formation of replication organelles (ROs) and the synthesis of genomic and subgenomic RNAs (gRNA and sgRNA) within these structures.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI SARS-CoV-2 hijacks p38β/MAPK11 to promote virus replication 22 Jun 2023-Mbio	The paper states that SARS-CoV-2 hijacks the host p38β/MAPK11 pathway to promote its replication in infected cells.

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Related Questions

What is the copy number of all sars-cov-2 structural proteins?5 answersThe copy number of structural proteins in SARS-CoV-2 varies. The virus contains four main structural proteins: spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N). Studies have shown that mutations in these proteins can lead to the emergence of new variants with different characteristics. The most frequent mutations in these proteins include D614G, T9I, I82T, R203M/R203K, and others, with D614G being the most common mutation globally. The spike protein has been found to exhibit the highest number of mutations among the structural proteins, followed by nucleocapsid, envelope, and membrane proteins. These mutations can impact the virus's structure, function, infectivity, and response to drugs and vaccines, highlighting the importance of monitoring and understanding the variations in these structural proteins for effective drug and vaccine development strategies.

What are the key characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 variant?5 answersThe SARS-CoV-2 variant, known as XBB, exhibits unique characteristics. It originated through recombination of BA.2 lineages, BJ.1 and BM.1.1.1, showing increased resistance to breakthrough infections and enhanced fusogenicity. Subsequent subvariants like XBB.1.16 have emerged with additional mutations in the spike protein, leading to higher transmissibility and immune evasion, making them resistant to various anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The virus employs methylation by NSP16 and NSP14 to evade host immunity, with NSP10 playing a crucial role in replication and stability, showing limited mutation susceptibility. These variants pose challenges to existing vaccines and monoclonal antibodies, emphasizing the need for continuous monitoring and adaptation in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to combat the evolving nature of the virus.

What are the currently circulating SARC-CoV-2- variants?5 answersThe currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants include Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), Eta (B.1.525), Iota, Kappa, Mu, and Omicron (B.1.1.529). These variants have different mutations in the receptor binding domain (RBD) region of the viral spike, which can increase transmissibility and/or virulence. The Omicron variant is currently the predominant circulating variant and has been found to have advantageous mutations and genetic recombination, making it more contagious and better at escaping immune responses. The Delta variant has been the most common circulating strain, followed by Alpha, Omicron, and Gamma variants. Vaccinated individuals have also been found to be infected with the Omicron variant, with some requiring hospitalization. These variants have significant implications for public health and require ongoing surveillance and evaluation.

How to replicate S?5 answersReplicating S-phase in DNA replication involves the coordinated assembly of proteins and protein complexes to ensure the correct duplication and transfer of genetic information from the parental cell to the progeny. To replicate S-phase, it is important to identify and analyze S-phase cells using computational methods. Additionally, understanding the concept of replication and the different types of replication used in other scientific disciplines can help clarify the best way to run replications in Software Engineering (SE) experiments. Replication in SE experiments aims to check the results and increase the validity and reliability of the outcomes observed. Successful replication can be achieved by reusing baseline experiment materials, maintaining adequate communication among experimenters and replicators, and considering the acceptable changes in the experimental structure. By following these steps, researchers can replicate S-phase and improve the replication practices in SE experiments.

What are the structures of the protein S of the SARS-CoV-2?4 answersThe Spike (S) protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is the main target for vaccine and drug research. Comparative analysis of S protein structures in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) database is performed to understand their functional and evolutionary relatedness. The S protein structures are classified into different variants, and the associated literature is studied to investigate the therapeutics used on the structures. A novel and efficient method called S-PDB is proposed for the analysis and classification of S protein structures. The method identifies protein structures in PDB that are similar to SARS-CoV-2 S protein and uses their amino acid sequences for reliable detection/classification. The structure and functions of different domains of the S protein are presented, and therapeutic compounds targeting specific domains are highlighted. Deletion of residues and mutations in specific regions of the S protein can affect its overall structure.

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