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How does surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) work in optical fiber sensors for water quality monitoring?

Fiber Bragg grating

Photonic-crystal fiber

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Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) in optical fiber sensors for water quality monitoring involves depositing a plasmonic metal layer on the fiber core to detect changes in refractive index. Various structures like Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) and microstructured optical fibers (MOFs) are utilized. These sensors exhibit a shift in resonance wavelength as the refractive index of the surrounding medium changes, indicating pollutant presence. The sensors offer high sensitivity, with values reaching up to 5400 nm/RIU. By enhancing the phase matching between fundamental and plasmonic modes, these sensors achieve significant sensitivity and resolution, making them suitable for detecting different analytes in water with RI variations from 1.00 to 1.38. Overall, these SPR-based optical fiber sensors provide accurate and reliable monitoring of water quality through their unique sensing capabilities.

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Proceedings Article•DOI Plasmonic optical fiber grating sensors: past, present, and future Médéric Loyez, Hadrien Fasseaux, Ruddy Wattiez, Christophe Caucheteur - Show less +3 more 23 May 2023	Surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) in plasmonic optical fiber gratings enhances sensitivity to refractive index changes, enabling versatile applications like water quality monitoring through lab-on-fiber tools with unique features.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Surface plasmon resonance sensor composed of microstructured optical fibers for monitoring of external and internal environments in biological and environmental sensing Wei Li, Chao Liu, Jianxin Wang, Jingwei Lv, Yan Lv, Lin Yang, Ni An, Zao Yi, Qiang Li, Chun Hu, Paul K. Chu - Show less +10 more 01 Apr 2023-Results in physics 9 Citations	Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in microstructured optical fibers (MOFs) with gold sensing layers enables high sensitivity (WS: 20,000 nm/RIU) for monitoring water quality (RI: 1.00-1.38) using wavelength and amplitude interrogation methods.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Photonic Crystal Fiber Pollution Sensor based on Surface Plasmon Resonance Fatima Fadhil Abbas 28 Feb 2023-Iraqi journal of science 1 Citations	Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) in optical fiber sensors for water quality monitoring involves detecting refractive index changes in polluted water samples, enabling precise measurement and detection of contaminants.
Journal Article•DOI An axisymmetric metal and metal-oxide grating-structured self-reference fiber optic SPR sensor Roli Verma 24 May 2023-Journal of Optics	Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in fiber optic sensors detects refractive index changes in water. Metal-metal oxide grating structure provides self-referencing capability, enhancing sensitivity and accuracy for water quality monitoring.
Journal Article•DOI Estimating concentration of toxic ions Arsenic in water by using Photonic Crystal Fiber based on Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) 20 Jul 2023-Baghdad Science Journal	Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) in Photonic Crystal Fiber sensors detects Arsenic ions in water by polishing the fiber side with an Au film, achieving high sensitivity and accurate concentration estimation.

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