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How does the choice of patch spacing (from edge to edge) affect the performance of an antenna array?

Electrical impedance

Capacitive coupling

Parasitic element

Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution

Passive radiator

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The spacing between patches in an antenna array significantly impacts its performance. A study on patch antennas with zero edge-to-edge spacing demonstrated that inserting metallic vias between patches can decouple radiation patterns, enhancing isolation and maintaining boresight radiation . In contrast, a series-fed 2×1 patch array analysis highlighted that optimizing input impedance step by step can mitigate coupling between elements, ensuring correct array mode operation . Furthermore, a broad steerable patch array study showed that optimizing inter-parasitic element spacing and minimizing switching circuitry can increase the number of directional beams and achieve higher gain . These findings underscore the critical role of patch spacing in enhancing antenna array performance through improved radiation patterns, impedance matching, and gain characteristics.

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Open access•Journal Article•DOI Design of a High-Gain 2 × 1 Array Antenna for S-Band Applications Sazzad Hossain, Md. Tofail Ahmed, Md. Humaun Kabir - Show less +2 more 01 Jan 2023-World Journal of Engineering and Technology	The patch spacing affects the antenna array's beam width and sidelobe levels. Optimal spacing is crucial to minimize grating lobes and enhance directivity and gain.
Proceedings Article•DOI H-Plane Radiation Pattern Decoupled Patch Antennas with Zero Edge-to-Edge Spacing Using Three-Pair Vias 01 Nov 2022	The paper presents patch antennas with zero edge-to-edge spacing to achieve high isolation and symmetric radiation patterns, enhancing performance by decoupling and maintaining boresight radiation.
Proceedings Article•DOI H-Plane Radiation Pattern Decoupled Patch Antennas with Zero Edge-to-Edge Spacing Using Three-Pair Vias Changwu Tong, Nan Yang, Kwok Wa Leung, Zehai Wu, Kai Lu - Show less +4 more 01 Nov 2022	The paper presents patch antennas with zero edge-to-edge spacing for improved performance, achieving high isolation (>15 dB) and symmetric radiation patterns along the z-axis, enhancing antenna array performance.
Proceedings Article•DOI Input Impedance and Performance Analysis of Series-Fed Microstrip Patch Array Antenna 19 Oct 2022	The choice of patch spacing affects the input impedance and coupling between elements in a series-fed patch array antenna, impacting gain and resonant modes at the operating frequency.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Multi-Mode Yagi Uda Patch Array Antenna With Non-Linear Inter-Parasitic Element Spacing 01 Jan 2023-IEEE Access	The paper focuses on optimizing inter-parasitic element spacing in a Yagi Uda patch array antenna, enhancing directional beams by 40% and achieving a gain of over 7 dBi.

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How can the spacing element of an antenna array be controlled using the Fourier transform?5 answersThe spacing element of an antenna array can be controlled using the Fourier transform. One approach is to use the quantum Fourier transform (QFT) to thin the antenna array. This involves selecting which antenna locations should be occupied by array elements based on the QFT algorithm. Another method is to use dual-mode microstrip patch antennas to electronically displace the phase center location of the antenna elements, thereby reconfiguring the inter-element spacing at the array level. Additionally, a large element spacing array can be designed for wide scanning by combining two radiation modes and adjusting the phase and magnitude to achieve the desired radiation pattern. These techniques offer ways to control the spacing element of an antenna array using the Fourier transform.

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