What is the role of degasser columns in industrial water treatment systems?5 answersDegasser columns play a crucial role in industrial water treatment systems by removing gas molecules entrapped or dissolved in the processing liquid. These columns consist of a vacuum chamber with inlets and outlets for the liquid to pass through, separators that allow gas molecules to permeate through but not the liquid, and a vacuum for applying pressure differential across the separators. The degasser columns effectively remove entrapped or dissolved gas from the liquid, improving the quality of the water. In the context of distillation columns, suitable control of these columns is necessary for troubleshooting purposes and to ensure satisfactory operations. In the case of sterilization systems, degasser columns are used to remove ozone particles from the air within the mixing chamber, preventing their expulsion and ensuring the safety of the process. Overall, degasser columns are essential components in industrial water treatment systems for the removal of gas molecules and the maintenance of water purity.
What is the effect of sand filtration of cheese factory water on the concentration of salts?5 answersSand filtration of cheese factory water has been found to have an effect on the concentration of salts. In one study, it was observed that the wastewater discharged by cheese manufacturing processes, which is highly saline, can be treated using sand filtration to reduce the salinity of the effluent. Another study investigated the influence of saline solutions concentration on soil filtration characteristics and found that the filtration rate increases sharply with the concentration of saline solutions. Additionally, a sand filtering and purifying device for industrial wastewater was developed, which included layer-by-layer filtration using anthracite filter layer, quartz sand layer, and pebble cushion layer to reduce the turbidity of the wastewater. Therefore, sand filtration can be an effective method for reducing the concentration of salts in cheese factory water.
Can hydrogen be used in industrial furnaces to reduce carbon emissions?5 answersYes, hydrogen can be used in industrial furnaces to reduce carbon emissions. Studies have shown that high hydrogenous gas injection rates in blast furnaces can significantly decrease coke rate and CO2 emissions. The use of renewable hydrogen in continuous furnaces can also reduce specific fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. In China's iron and steel industry, hydrogen-based direct reduction has been identified as a viable option for achieving ultra-low greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, research has been conducted on the direct combustion of ammonia, a hydrogen carrier, in industrial furnaces, with solutions proposed to overcome challenges such as low burning velocity and fuel-NOx emissions. Simulation studies have evaluated the effects of hydrogen injection in blast furnaces, showing significant CO2 emission reductions and the potential for hydrogen to replace carbon in the process.
How does CO2 affect water pH?5 answersElevated atmospheric CO2 levels can affect water pH. Studies have shown that increased CO2 concentrations can lead to a decrease in pH, making the water more acidic. This decrease in pH is due to the formation of carbonic acid when CO2 dissolves in water, which releases hydrogen ions and lowers the pH. The solubility of CO2 in water can also lead to changes in pH, especially at high pressures and temperatures. Additionally, the presence of CO2 can affect the pH compensation abilities of fish, with reductions in extracellular pH compensation observed. It is important to note that the effects of CO2 on water pH can vary depending on factors such as salinity and the type of water body (eutrophic or oligotrophic).
How does elemental sulphur treatment affect salt leaching in alkaline soil?3 answersElemental sulfur treatment has been found to positively affect salt leaching in alkaline soil. It promotes the solubilization of anions and cations, leading to increased electrical conductivity and higher pH in the soil. The application of elemental sulfur has been shown to reduce soil salinity and sodicity, improving soil properties and fertility. It has been observed that higher levels of elemental sulfur application result in reductions in soil pH and electrical conductivity of the saturation extract, indicating a decrease in soil salinity. Additionally, elemental sulfur treatment has been found to be more efficient than calcium sulfate in decreasing alkalinity in the soil. Overall, elemental sulfur treatment can effectively enhance salt leaching and improve the conditions of alkaline soil.
How does technological development influence industrial pollution?5 answersTechnological development has been found to have both positive and negative effects on industrial pollution. On one hand, technological innovation can alleviate the negative impact of coal-based energy structures on pollution emissions. On the other hand, technological innovation can contribute to an increase in wastewater and solid waste emissions, although the impact varies across different regions. Additionally, the development of renewable energy technology innovation (RETI) has been shown to contribute to cleaner industrial production. Furthermore, the model of endogenous growth with technological progress through quality-ladders suggests that the externality from technological progress to pollution is strong enough to induce underinvestment in R&D, highlighting the need for subsidies in cleaner technologies.