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It is suggested that the wide variation in copper concentration is a result of differences in intake of copper-containing food among the birds.
The amino acid-bound fraction of copper is in equilibrium with albumin-bound copper, and both fractions are probably in equilibrium with ionic copper.
Since the concentration of copper (ceruloplasmin) in normal human serum is relatively constant and is not influenced by meals or by the ingestion of copper (6-8), it seems unlikely that this protein is concerned in the active transport of copper.
Comparison of the copper requirements with the levels of copper present in some contemporary diets suggests that marginal copper nutriture may not be rare.
This manuscript provides valuable information about effects of high copper levels from two copper sources in shrimp.
The results suggest that these indexes are sensitive to copper depletion; that 0.38 mg Cu/d is not sufficient to maintain copper status in normal, healthy young men; and that the minimum dietary copper requirement is between 0.4 and 0.8 mg/d.
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Also the poor correlation between liver and serum copper concentrations in the three herds sampled demonstrates the importance of using liver copper concentration to assess herd copper status.
It is much more difficult, virtually impossible except as a speculation, to estimate the usage throughout the world, but I would venture a suggestion that at least 2 billion pigs received diets supplemented with copper.