How to build a genetic circuit?4 answersTo build a genetic circuit, one can utilize a genetic circuit structure that simulates an artificial neural network, comprising input, hidden, and output layers with specific nodes and genes regulated by promoters and gene products. Mathematical models, including machine learning techniques like Random Forrest and Artificial Neural Networks, can aid in accurately predicting gene expressions and identifying synthetic gene circuit patterns. Tools like Parts & Pools software allow for modular design and modeling of genetic circuits by visually linking DNA parts and signal carriers, generating circuit models for simulations and analysis. Additionally, machine-learning algorithms can accelerate gene circuit discovery by designing circuits capable of executing various functions, facilitating the systematic study of natural circuits and enabling the automatic design of circuits for synthetic biology. Considering cell-to-cell variability, a computational framework integrating NonLinear Mixed-Effect models can guide the design of synthetic biological circuits, accounting for reliable performance under variability and supporting novel applications.
What is pll?4 answersA Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) is a crucial component in electronic systems for generating stable output signals. It typically consists of a Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO), a loop filter, and a feedback control unit. PLL devices can operate as master devices with slave digitally controlled oscillators (sDCOs) in synchronization setups, facilitating the transfer of timing and frequency information between devices. In PLL frequency synthesizers, components like a phase comparison unit, charge pump, loop filter, and control unit work together to adjust the control voltage value for the VCO based on phase differences and control voltage change rates. PLLs can incorporate analog-to-digital converters, digital circuits, and digitally controlled oscillators to process signals and provide control signals for stable output signal generation. The design and optimization of PLLs are critical for maintaining stability and performance, especially in high-frequency applications.
How have DSLs been used for runtime verification of digital twins?5 answersDSLs have been used for runtime verification of digital twins by providing a generic approach based on a temporal property language. This approach allows properties to be compiled into efficient runtime monitors that can be attached to any kind of executable discrete event model within an integrated development environment. The use of structural model queries and complex event processing helps to improve efficiency and reduce execution time overhead. Additionally, the creation of a domain-specific language (DSL) has been proposed to verify real-time scheduling and implement verification conditions for the generation of monitoring architectures. This DSL would perform statical verifications and utilize formal verification tools to ensure the correct functioning of the system.
What paper states that DEC is also one of the clock genes?5 answersDEC1 and DEC2 are clock genes involved in circadian rhythm regulation and tumor progression. They play important roles in circadian rhythm, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and hypoxia response. DEC1 and DEC2 have circadian expression and regulate target genes via positive or negative feedback systems in tumor progression. The roles of DEC1 and DEC2 in coordinating circadian and metabolic pathways have also been studied. DEC1 and DEC2 interact with the core transcriptional translational feedback loops (TTL) of the circadian clock by binding to CLOCK/BMAL1 complexes or E-box elements. They form an accessory feedback mechanism and can activate the transcription of clock genes such as Bmal1. Therefore, the paper that states that DEC is also one of the clock genes is.
Which papers report DEC as clock genes?5 answersDEC1 and DEC2 are reported as clock genes in the following papers: Akman et al., Sato et al., Bode, and Jayachandran et al..
How to make rrl?2 answersRadio recombination lines (RRL) can be observed using radio telescopes such as the Ooty Radio Telescope (ORT) and the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT). These observations can provide information about the diffuse low-density ionized gas (ELDWIM) and constrain the electron number density in ELDWIM. To make RRL observations, the ORT uses a New Digital Backend (NDB) with a bandwidth of 1 MHz to observe specific RRL frequencies. The WSRT, on the other hand, offers eight intermediate-frequency bands for detecting different RRLs. By combining the RRL observations from both telescopes, it is possible to model the ELDWIM and determine the electron number density.