How vasoconstriction and vasodilatation influence blood pressure?
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Vasoconstriction and vasodilatation play a crucial role in regulating blood pressure. During exercise, sympathetic vasoconstriction occurs in non-active and visceral organs to redistribute blood to working muscles, while skeletal muscle vasodilatation prevails. This sympathetic regulation of peripheral resistance helps prevent hypotension and maintains mean arterial blood pressure . Maximal exercise vasodilatation is achieved through a balance between vasoconstricting and vasodilating signals, with the sympathetic system restraining vasodilatation to avoid hypotension . Thiazide derivatives, commonly used diuretics for hypertension treatment, reduce blood pressure through extra-renal mechanisms involving systemic vasoconstriction and vasodilation . Carbonic anhydrase I activity in vascular smooth muscle is involved in vasoconstriction and vasodilation processes, with vasoconstrictive agents increasing its activity and vasodilating substances reducing it . Aging is associated with decreased microRNA-155 expression, leading to increased vasoconstriction and hypertension, while restoration of microRNA-155 attenuates vasoconstriction and oxidative stress .
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| The provided paper does not directly address how vasoconstriction and vasodilation influence blood pressure. | |
| The paper states that vasoconstrictive drugs increase blood pressure by activating carbonic anhydrase I in vascular smooth muscle, while vasodilating drugs reduce blood pressure by inhibiting this enzyme. | |
Open access•Journal Article 1 Citations | The paper does not directly explain how vasoconstriction and vasodilation influence blood pressure. |
| The paper does not directly address how vasoconstriction and vasodilatation influence blood pressure. | |
| The paper discusses how sympathetic vasoconstriction and metabolic vasodilatation work together to regulate blood pressure during exercise. It also mentions that in disease states, an imbalance between vasoconstriction and vasodilatation can lead to hypertension and hypoperfusion. |
Related Questions
How is blood pressure affected?4 answersBlood pressure can be affected by various factors. Environmental factors such as climate, temperature, and time of day can cause blood pressure changes. Behavioral factors like body position, activity, exercise, food, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and psychological stress can also alter blood pressure. Smoking, specifically due to nicotine, can lead to an immediate increase in blood pressure. Certain medications, such as antihypertensive drugs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and steroids, can have interactions and affect blood pressure. Additionally, blood pressure can be influenced by the autonomic nervous system, and physiological feedback through a blood pressure managing device can help adjust blood pressure. It is important to note that blood pressure measurements can be affected in the short term by variables like smoking, exercise, stress, and ambient temperature.
Does the parasympathetic nervous system cause vasodilation?4 answersThe parasympathetic nervous system is involved in vasodilation. Activation of parasympathetic fibers leads to increases in blood flow in various areas, including the orofacial area, the internal carotid artery and cerebral blood vessels, and cerebral blood vessels in the brain. Parasympathetic reflex vasodilation is mediated by the release of neurotransmitters such as VIP and nitric oxide (NO). These neurotransmitters cause relaxation of smooth muscle in blood vessels, resulting in vasodilation and increased blood flow. The parasympathetic nervous system provides a tonic vasodilatory influence on cerebral blood vessels. Overall, the parasympathetic nervous system plays a role in regulating vasodilation in various regions of the body.
Does renin lead to peripheral vasoconstriction?5 answersRenin does not directly lead to peripheral vasoconstriction. High levels of prorenin, which is the precursor to renin, are associated with vasodilation and increased tissue perfusion. However, the activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) can contribute to peripheral vasoconstriction in certain situations. In studies involving pigs, distension of the uterus or gastric distension caused reflex regional vasoconstriction, and this vasoconstriction was significantly contributed to by the activation of the RAS. In hypertensive rats, chronic systemic blockade of the RAS attenuated both angiotensin II-dependent and sympathetic vasoconstriction, leading to a reduction in blood pressure. These findings suggest that while renin itself may not directly cause peripheral vasoconstriction, the activation of the RAS can contribute to vasoconstriction in certain contexts.
What are vasodilators?3 answersVasodilators are a class of drugs that have the potential to relax the smooth muscle of blood vessels, leading to increased blood flow to tumors and improved delivery of chemotherapy drugs. They have been shown to have antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects on cancer cells, making them a promising target for drug repurposing in cancer treatment. Vasodilators have been used in cardiovascular medicine for decades and have an active role in various clinical scenarios. They can be used to treat heart failure, both in acute and chronic settings, although the evidence for their use is not robust. In the treatment of shock and microvascular dysfunction, different vasodilators and inodilators have been studied, but there is currently no hard evidence to recommend any specific vasodilator for routine practice. Overall, vasodilators are drugs that can dilate blood vessels and have potential therapeutic uses in cancer treatment and cardiovascular medicine.
What are the effects of vasodilators on the coronary arteries?4 answersVasodilators have various effects on the coronary arteries. Previous studies have shown that dipyridamole, regadenoson, and adenosine achieve maximal coronary hyperemic flow through endothelial-independent vasodilation of the microvasculature. Statins, such as lovastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, and cerivastatin, induce concentration-dependent vasodilation in isolated bovine coronary arteries. This vasodilation is partially dependent on the presence of the endothelium and is mediated by nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin (PGI2). Nitroglycerin is commonly used to treat vasospasm of arterial grafts in coronary artery surgery, but tolerance to nitroglycerin may occur. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), secreted by ventricular myocytes, may influence coronary vascular tone. The control of coronary vascular resistance is critical for maintaining myocardial oxygen demand. Pharmacologic vasodilators acting at the microvascular level may be therapeutically useful, as the coronary microvessels retain some degree of vasodilator reserve during ischemia and remain responsive to vasoconstrictor stimuli.
What is vasodilatation in birds?3 answersVasodilatation in birds refers to the widening or dilation of blood vessels in avian species. It is a physiological process that increases blood flow and allows for efficient delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues. The mechanism of vasodilatation in birds involves various factors such as the release of nitric oxide (NO) and other vasodilators, as well as the opening of potassium channels in arterial smooth muscle. The response to vasodilators like acetylcholine (ACh) can cause coordinated dilatation along the length of an artery, known as spreading vasodilatation. This phenomenon is associated with the spread of hyperpolarization, which is facilitated by endothelial cells and their communication with smooth muscle cells. The regulation of vasodilatation in birds is influenced by factors such as acclimation state, skin site, and sensitivity to thermal stimuli. Overall, vasodilatation plays a crucial role in maintaining proper blood flow and thermoregulation in avian species.