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Isolation of a yeast centromere and construction of functional small circular chromosomes Louise Clarke 


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Isolation of a yeast centromere and construction of functional small circular chromosomes have been achieved by Louise Clarke and John Carbon in their pioneering work on centromeres in budding yeast . They isolated the first centromere from budding yeast, which opened up a new field of research on centromeres . Their discovery led to the isolation of centromeres from various organisms, including fungi, plants, and animals . The centromeres in budding yeast are small with well-defined sequences, known as point centromeres, while regional centromeres in other organisms span larger regions without DNA sequence specificity . The construction of functional circular yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) has also been achieved, providing advantages for cloning and manipulating large segments of genomic DNA . These advancements in centromere isolation and construction of circular chromosomes have contributed to synthetic biology, biomedical research, and applications in industry and the clinic .

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The provided paper does not mention the isolation of a yeast centromere or the construction of functional small circular chromosomes. The paper is about the isolation and purification of circular yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) for synthetic biology and functional genomics studies.
The paper does not mention the isolation of a yeast centromere or the construction of functional small circular chromosomes by Louise Clarke. The provided paper is about the construction and transfer of mammalian artificial chromosomes.
The provided paper is about the rapid isolation of centromeres from Scheffersomyces stipitis. There is no mention of Louise Clarke or the construction of functional small circular chromosomes in the paper.
The paper discusses the isolation of a yeast centromere by Louise Clarke and John Carbon, but it does not mention the construction of functional small circular chromosomes.
The provided paper does not mention the isolation of a yeast centromere or the construction of functional small circular chromosomes by Louise Clarke. The paper is about the de novo synthesis of synthetic yeast chromosome V and the characterization of a ring derivative.

Related Questions

How diverse are centromeres?5 answersCentromeres exhibit significant diversity. They contain repetitive DNA sequences that can vary in terms of genetic, epigenetic, and evolutionary characteristics. Centromeres can have up to a 4.1-fold increase in single-nucleotide variation compared to other genomic regions. The length and alignment of centromeres can also differ, with new α-satellite higher-order repeat structures emerging. Plant genomes, such as white lupin, show a high diversity of pericentromeric repeats, indicating rapid evolution of repeat sequences. In mice, centromere copy number and sequence variation can vary significantly among strains and populations. Additionally, centromeres can have different structures and arrangements in different species, ranging from regional centromeres to holocentromeres. Human centromeres also exhibit substantial structural diversity, with novel variant higher-order repeats specific to individuals. Overall, centromeres are diverse in terms of their sequence, structure, and variation across different species.
What are the Centromere déterminants in C. Elegans?5 answersCentromere determinants in C. elegans are not clearly defined by a consensus DNA sequence. However, it has been shown that the centromere-specific histone H3 variant CENP-A plays a key role in centromere identity and specification. The accumulation of CENP-A at centromeres is a hallmark of functional centromeres, and its unique structural rigidity in nucleosomes contributes to maintaining centromere identity. Additionally, the comparison of neocentromeres in plants and clinical neocentromeres in humans suggests a balance between genetic and epigenetic control in centromere formation and maintenance. While the underlying DNA sequence of centromeres is largely dispensable, it exhibits highly conserved features, indicating a genetically hardwired mechanism that ensures long-term centromere inheritance. Therefore, in C. elegans, the centromere determinants involve the epigenetic regulation of CENP-A and a balance between genetic and epigenetic control.
Isolation of RNA from yeast5 answersIsolating RNA from yeast cells is a critical step in various molecular biology techniques such as quantitative PCR (qPCR), microarray analysis, and cDNA library construction. Several methods have been described for RNA isolation from yeast cells, including the use of Trizol reagent, pretreatment applications, and commercially available kits. These methods have been optimized to ensure high-quality RNA with minimal degradation. The isolation of RNA from yeast cells can be challenging, especially for cells in late meiosis or stationary phase, as they have tough cell walls composed of cross-linked polysaccharides and proteins. However, a facile method has been developed that allows for the isolation of high-quality RNA from recalcitrant yeast cells, including those from stationary phase and fermentation broth. This method is performed in microcentrifuge tubes and is suitable for processing multiple samples efficiently.
What is the clinical significance of anti-centromere antibody in SLE?5 answersAnti-centromere antibody (ACA) is associated with specific clinical features and autoimmune diseases such as limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (lcSSc), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), and Sjogren's syndrome (SS). ACA-positive patients have a higher likelihood of developing an autoimmune disease, particularly lcSSc. ACA levels, specifically IgG and IgM isotypes, may serve as biomarkers for disease severity and progression from very early SSc to definite SSc. ACA-positive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients may constitute a distinct subset with specific clinical features, including old age, female gender, and association with Raynaud's phenomenon. The presence of ACA in RA is also associated with higher levels compared to other anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) staining patterns. However, the clinical significance of ACA in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is not mentioned in the provided abstracts.
What does apc/c in yeast do for chromosome segregation?5 answersThe anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) in yeast plays a crucial role in chromosome segregation. It triggers anaphase and mitotic exit by ubiquitylating securin and cyclin B1, leading to their degradation. The APC/C is inhibited by the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), which monitors chromosome attachment and generates a "wait anaphase" signal in the presence of unattached chromosomes. The SAC inhibits the APC/C by acting as a pseudosubstrate inhibitor and by directly binding to a site required for APC/C binding. This dual inhibition mechanism ensures proper chromosome segregation and genomic stability.
Isolation and characterisation of yeasts5 answersYeasts were isolated and characterized in multiple studies. Chandimala et al. identified 24 yeast isolates from various fermented foods and characterized them using biochemical tests. They found strains belonging to genera such as Saccharomyces, Candida, and Rhodotorula, among others, and identified lactose fermenters for bioethanol production and fermented dairy products. Ashiwini and Narayanaswamy isolated yeasts from fruits and vegetables, characterized their colony morphology, and evaluated their biochemical characteristics and carbon source utilization. They also assessed ethanol tolerance and found yeasts capable of growing in jackfruit and beetroot juices. Pinto et al. isolated wild yeasts from fruits, characterized them for carbohydrate fermentation and hydrogen sulfide production, and selected three yeasts for further characterization and beer production. These yeasts showed promising properties for brewing, including the production of interesting volatile compounds. Garrido and Ibeas focused on identifying and characterizing yeasts, mainly Saccharomyces cerevisiae, present in grape musts. They analyzed yeast evolution, isolated yeast samples, and performed molecular analysis to differentiate strains. The strains found are being subjected to various tests for potential beer production. Al-Taei and Obaeda isolated 71 local yeast isolates from different plant sources and characterized them using phenotypic and biochemical tests. They identified 17 different species of yeasts, including Debaromyces, Candida, and Saccharomyces.

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