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What are catalase in depth description biology please?

Enterococcus faecalis

Lipid peroxidation

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Catalase is a vital antioxidant enzyme found in living tissues, responsible for breaking down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. It plays a crucial role in preventing oxidative stress, cell damage, and lipid peroxidation, thus contributing to overall cellular health. Catalase exists in different forms, including monofunctional catalase, catalase-peroxidase, and pseudocatalase, each with distinct functions and sources. The enzyme's mechanism involves oxidation to a hypervalent iron intermediate, compound I, followed by reduction back to its resting state. Catalase's significance extends to being a biomarker for oxidative stress, aiding in disease prevention, and even showing promise in cancer therapy by modulating redox status in cancer cells. Its role in regulating hydrogen peroxide levels and cell signaling underscores its importance in cellular homeostasis.

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Book Chapter•DOI Catalase 01 Jan 2022 1 Citations	Catalase is a vital antioxidant enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide. It has various classes, sources, and functions, serving as a biomarker for oxidative stress and playing roles in disease prevention and therapy.
Open access•Dissertation•DOI Purification and Characterization of Catalase From Enterococcus Faecalis I. V. Tunkina 04 May 2023	Catalase is an essential enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, crucial for aerobic organisms like Enterococcus faecalis, which can produce catalase in the presence of hematin.
Book Chapter•DOI Electron Transfer in Catalases and Catalase-Peroxidases Anabella Ivancich, Peter C. Loewen - Show less +1 more 21 Apr 2018 4 Citations	Catalases are enzymes with heme iron or dimanganese active sites that regulate hydrogen peroxide levels, crucial for cell signaling and oxidative stress. Catalase-peroxidases also oxidize substrates and activate drugs.
Journal Article•DOI Catalase, a remarkable enzyme: targeting the oldest antioxidant enzyme to find a new cancer treatment approach. Christophe Glorieux, Pedro Buc Calderon - Show less +1 more 26 Sep 2017-Biological Chemistry 343 Citations	Catalase is an essential antioxidant enzyme involved in H2O2 metabolism, crucial for cellular adaptation. Its altered expression in tumors suggests potential for cancer treatment by modulating redox status.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Cellular catalase: structure, biogenesis, diversity, functions T.L. Aladyeva, Sergey M. Zimatkin - Show less +1 more 21 Feb 2022	Catalase is a vital antioxidant enzyme that neutralizes hydrogen peroxide, safeguarding cells from damage. This review covers its structure, biogenesis, diversity, and biological functions in detail.

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What are enzymes? Biology in depth description please?5 answersEnzymes are biological catalysts primarily made up of proteins, although some are RNA molecules. They facilitate reactions by lowering the activation energy required, forming enzyme-substrate complexes during the process. Enzymes are highly specific in their actions, influenced by factors like substrate concentration, temperature, and pH. They play a crucial role in various industries due to their ability to speed up biological and chemical reactions. Enzymes are eco-friendly, reducing energy consumption and waste generation in processes like textile manufacturing. Their efficiency and selectivity make them essential for a wide range of reactions, including oxidation-reduction, hydrolysis, and bond formation, especially in pharmaceutical synthesis. Overall, enzymes are indispensable biological tools that drive essential reactions with precision and efficiency.

How does catalase works?4 answersCatalase is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and molecular oxygen. It has a high turnover rate and is present in living tissues. Catalase can be divided into different classes based on its structure and sequence. It has both endogenous sources, such as erythrocytes, and exogenous sources, including plants like cotton, sunflower, and pumpkin. The mechanism of action of catalase involves two steps: oxidation to a hypervalent iron intermediate, known as compound I, and reduction back to the resting state by a second H2O2 molecule. Catalase is an important biomarker for oxidative stress and is involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases and infections. It has also been used as a therapy for cancer, diabetic retinopathy, and cardiac patients.

What are the applications of catalases in textile?5 answersCatalases have various applications in the textile industry. They are commonly used in textile bleaching processes to degrade hydrogen peroxide. Enzymes, including catalases, are being increasingly utilized in textile processing due to their non-toxic and eco-friendly characteristics. Catalases are also employed in the treatment of textile effluents, contributing to a reduction in global warming and acidification. In addition to their role in textile bleaching, catalases have been used in the textile, paper, food, and pharmaceutical industries. They have been employed as biosensors and biomarkers in analytical and diagnostic methods. Thermoalkaliphilic bacteria, such as Bacillus sp., containing catalases, have been isolated from textile wastewater drains and used for the degradation of hydrogen peroxide in textile dyeing processes. Immobilized catalases have shown advantages over free enzymes in the treatment of bleaching effluents, resulting in improved dye uptake.

What is catalase and relationship to enzyme activity?5 answersCatalase is an enzyme that plays a role in protecting cells against oxidative stress by converting hydrogen peroxide into water and molecular oxygen. It is an antioxidant enzyme that is involved in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide, a reactive oxygen species, into less harmful substances. Catalase activity can be measured to assess the level of oxidative stress in cells or tissues. The relationship between catalase and enzyme activity can be influenced by various factors such as genetic polymorphisms, nutrient elements in the soil, and different land uses. For example, in the study by Inci Sevinc Kravkaz Kuscu and Mustafa Ömer Karaöz, it was found that catalase enzyme activity significantly differed based on land use, with the highest activity observed in forest soils and the lowest in agricultural lands. Understanding the relationship between catalase and enzyme activity is important for assessing oxidative stress levels and the overall health of cells and tissues.

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