What is plasma-mds?4 answersPlasma-MDS is a metadata schema introduced to support research data management in plasma science and plasma medicine. It is designed to facilitate the publication of research data following the FAIR principles in domain-specific repositories, enabling the reuse of research data for data-driven plasma science. The schema includes four basic elements: the source generating the plasma, the medium in which the plasma is operated, the target the plasma is acting on, and the diagnostics used for investigation. These elements are supplemented by a schema element for describing the digital data obtained from diagnostic procedures. The Plasma-MDS schema has been applied for the annotation of datasets published in INPTDAT, an interdisciplinary data platform for plasma technology.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Plasma Vortex Generator?5 answersThe Plasma Vortex Generator (PVG) has several advantages. Firstly, the Double-Sided Plasma Vortex Generator (DSPVG) eliminates separation similarly to conventional Vortex Generators (VGs) but with higher momentum injection and more effective in minimizing drag penalty. It also reduces the number of PVGs needed compared to conventional embedded PVGs or VGs, while still taking advantage of the height of conventional VGs and the active control systems of PVGs. Additionally, the Dielectric-Barrier-Discharge Vortex Generator (DBD-VG) induced streamwise vortex promotes airflow mixing, inhibiting separation bubbles and reducing drag. It demonstrates strong flow control capability and versatility, as it does not need to be precisely arranged at the airflow separation point. The Plasma Vortex Generator (PVG) developed in one study has a yaw angle of 0°, minimizing the drag penalty and suppressing separation similarly to conventional VGs.
However, the advantages of PVGs come with some disadvantages. The traditional vortex generator causes additional resistance, while the plasma vortex generator does not.
Overall, the PVG offers benefits such as separation control, drag reduction, and flow control capability, but it is important to consider the specific design and application to fully understand its advantages and disadvantages.
What are the potential applications of plasma electrolysis?5 answersPlasma electrolysis has potential applications in various fields. It can be used as an alternative to nitrogen fixation, clean water treatment, batik waste degradation, and the synthesis of other compounds. Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) or micro-arc oxidation (MAO) is another application of plasma electrolysis, which is used to produce oxide-ceramic coatings on metals like aluminum, titanium, magnesium, and zirconium. Plasma electrolysis has also been studied as an alternative method for generating hydrogen, where a plasma reactor is used to produce glowing plasma. Plasmas interacting with liquids, known as plasma-driven solution electrochemistry (PDSE), enable selective, efficient, and green chemical transformations and new material synthesis approaches. Plasma technology has also been employed in energy storage and conversion devices, including the preparation and modification of electrocatalysts. Overall, plasma electrolysis has potential applications in environmental technologies, hydrogen generation, material synthesis, and energy storage and conversion.
How to treat wounds with plasma?4 answersCold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been shown to have antibacterial activity and promote cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration in vitro. CAP can eliminate refractory skin bacteria in vitro and positively affect wound healing in a rat scalding wound model. Direct CAP irradiation of low intensity and short duration did not lead to skin erythema or edema. The use of a combination of a wound-rinsing solution and cold atmospheric plasma has been proposed for treating wounds. Plasma flux treatment has been found to induce anti-inflammatory macrophages and promote the healing process in burn wounds, partly through the decrease in macrophage NF-κB. Plasma flux treatment shows potential for the treatment of burn wounds.
What are the benefits of indirect taxes on people?4 answersIndirect taxes have several benefits for people. They can help generate revenue for the state to meet increasing public spending. Indirect taxes can also promote economic growth, fill job opportunities, and contribute to economic stability. Additionally, indirect taxes can provide a solution for the problem of externality and give the government more control over fiscal policy. They can be changed between budgets without parliamentary approval, allowing for flexibility in tax adjustments. Furthermore, indirect taxes do not retard economic growth or investment. Despite their regressive effect, the high indirect taxes that finance public social transfers can contribute to reducing market inequality. Overall, indirect taxes play a crucial role in generating revenue, promoting economic growth, and supporting social transfers.
What are the effects of non thermal plasma on virus?2 answersNon-thermal plasma has been shown to have effects on viruses. In one study, non-thermal plasma treatment completely inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Another study explored the effects of non-thermal atmospheric plasma on proteins and found that it can modulate their biochemical and biophysical characteristics, leading to functional changes. Additionally, non-thermal plasma has been used for the inactivation of microorganisms, including viruses, for sterilization and food processing purposes. However, the underlying mechanisms of the plasma-virus interactions are still poorly understood. It is important to note that the effects of non-thermal plasma on viruses can vary depending on the specific plasma source and conditions used. Further research is needed to fully understand the potential of non-thermal plasma for virus inactivation and its application in various fields.