What is the underlying pathophysiology of generalized exanthematous pustulosis?5 answersGeneralized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is characterized by an acute onset of sterile pustules on erythematous skin. The pathophysiology involves aberrant signaling from cytokines such as interleukin 17, interleukin 36, and other inflammatory mediators, leading to the recruitment and activation of neutrophils. This results in the rapid onset and neutrophilic nature of the cutaneous inflammation observed in AGEP. The condition typically resolves promptly upon discontinuation of the causative agent, with a favorable prognosis in most cases. Although the exact mechanisms are not fully understood, the involvement of innate immune activation and cytokines like interleukin 1 and interleukin 17 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of AGEP, providing insights for better identification of the triggering drugs.
What diseases is s-palmitoylation associated with?5 answersS-Palmitoylation is associated with various diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. Additionally, palmitoylation has been linked to apoptosis, a process crucial for maintaining organismal homeostasis and implicated in inflammatory and immune diseases. In the context of cardiac diseases, alterations in S-palmitoylation have been observed in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and heart failure (HF), with changes in the expression of zDHHC5, a key enzyme involved in palmitoylation, being associated with these conditions. Furthermore, in Parkinson's disease, the palmitoylation of synaptotagmin-11 (Syt11) has been shown to impact α-synuclein homeostasis in neurons, potentially contributing to pathological α-synuclein aggregation.
What are the prevalence of Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome?4 answersMedian Arcuate Ligament Syndrome (MALS) is a rare gastrointestinal condition characterized by the compression of the celiac artery at its origin from the aorta by the median arcuate ligament. The estimated incidence of MALS is 2 per 100,000 population, and it affects predominantly female patients. The prevalence of MALS in the general population is reported to be between 10-24%. MALS patients tend to be younger, female, and present with symptoms such as upper abdominal pain, postprandial pain, nausea, vomiting, food aversion, and weight loss. Patients with MALS have a significantly lower incidence of diabetes, hypertension, renal disease, mesenteric artery disease, and peripheral arterial disease compared to non-MALS patients with celiac artery compression. Surgical therapy, such as laparoscopic MAL release, has been shown to be effective in improving symptoms and quality of life for MALS patients.
What is the prevalence of cervical radiculopathy, SAPS, rotator cuff tear and bursitis?5 answersThe prevalence of cervical radiculopathy in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome (SAIS) was found to be significant, with 35% of patients with SAIS having root compression on the same side. The prevalence of rotator cuff tear arthropathy (CTA) in patients with rotator cuff tears was 19%, and in patients with massive cuff tears, it was 76%. The prevalence of peripheral nerve injury associated with full-thickness tears of the rotator cuff was found to be 28%. However, the prevalence of bursitis was not specifically mentioned in any of the abstracts provided.
What is the association between asthma and purpura?5 answersAsthma has been recognized as a disease for over 2000 years, but its significance has only become apparent in recent times. It is characterized by recurrent wheezing, airways hyperresponsiveness, and reversible obstruction of at least 10-20%. Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), formerly known as Churg-Strauss syndrome, is a rare vasculitis associated with poorly controlled asthma. It is characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of organs and necrotizing granulomas. Another study suggests that adult asthma is caused by the interaction of multiple genetic and environmental factors. Additionally, a case report discusses the association of purpura rhumatoide with neoplasia, suggesting the possible role of tumor antigens in the development of vasculitis. However, there is no direct mention of a specific association between asthma and purpura in the provided abstracts.
Is palmoplantar pusturosis different from pustular psoriasis?4 answersPalmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) is a subtype of psoriasis that presents with pustules on the palms and soles. It is considered a distinct entity from pustular psoriasis, although there is confusion regarding their classification. PPP is pathogenetically distinct from other forms of pustular psoriasis and is often included under the umbrella of psoriasis. However, entities like deficiency of IL-36 antagonist (DITRA) and palmoplantar pustulosis, which have similar clinical features but different pathogenesis, are included under pustular psoriasis. The management of pustular psoriasis depends on its severity, with localized variants often managed with topical therapy and generalized variants requiring intensive care. Newer therapies, including biologics targeting tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1, interleukin-17, and granulocyte monocyte apheresis, have shown promise in the treatment of pustular psoriasis. While there is ongoing debate about whether pustular psoriasis is a variant of psoriasis or a distinct disease entity, it is generally considered to be a different disease process.