What is the current understanding of the role of ADM in the development and progression of breast cancer?4 answersAntibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have revolutionized breast cancer treatment by delivering potent chemotherapy specifically to cancer cells while sparing normal cells. These ADCs consist of an antibody targeting a tumor antigen, a cytotoxic payload, and a linker connecting the two components. Despite the challenges of off-target toxicities and drug resistance, innovative non-internalizing ADCs targeting the tumor microenvironment have shown promise in reducing resistance and enhancing effectiveness. Additionally, the recent approval of ADCs like sacituzumab govitecan and trastuzumab deruxtecan, along with ongoing clinical trials, signifies a growing field with improved therapeutic options for breast cancer patients. Understanding the mechanisms of ADC action and their potential in breast cancer therapy highlights the evolving landscape of targeted treatments for this disease.
What activates nfkb in breast cancer?5 answersIn breast cancer, NF-κB activation can be triggered by various mechanisms. Studies have shown that in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative and erbB2-positive breast cancer, NF-κB is activated, leading to tumorigenesis and progression. Additionally, small extracellular vesicles (sEV) released by breast cancer cells under hypoxic conditions can activate NF-κB in normal mammary epithelial cells, promoting inflammatory cytokine production and cell motility. Furthermore, in inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) plays a crucial role in linking EGFR-mediated MAPK signaling to NF-κB hyperactivity, driving aggressive tumor growth. These findings highlight the diverse pathways and signals, including hypoxia, XIAP, and growth factor receptors, that can activate NF-κB in breast cancer.
Does erk activate nfkb in breast cancer?4 answersYes, ERK signaling has been implicated in activating NF-κB in breast cancer. Studies have shown that ERK signaling plays a crucial role in the radio-resistance of breast cancer cells, particularly in promoting the expression of MAPK1, a key protein in the ERK pathway. Additionally, in ER-negative breast cancer, the NF-κB pathway is hyperactivated, especially in inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), where XIAP drives constitutive NF-κB transcriptional activity. Furthermore, the positive crosstalk between ER and NF-κB contributes to the expansion of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), indicating a connection between ER and NF-κB in driving BCSCs. Therefore, ERK signaling can activate NF-κB in breast cancer, influencing radio-resistance and stem cell characteristics in different subtypes of the disease.
Is Botox safe to use for breast cancer patients?5 answersBotox is not safe to use for breast cancer patients.
Cancer of breast smoking cigarettes5 answersCigarette smoking is associated with breast cancer, particularly with AR-positive breast cancer. However, the underlying biology of breast tumors and breast cancer-specific survival are not significantly affected by smoking. Smoking may cause fibrotic changes in the breast, making surgical dissection more difficult and increasing the risk of surgical complications. Limited studies have been conducted on the association between smoking and breast cancer with different estrogen receptor (ER) status, and inconsistent results have been found. Smoking is a potential modifiable risk factor for breast cancer, and a two-sample MR analysis is being conducted to explore the potential causal relationship. Smoking is associated with various types of cancers, including breast cancer, due to the systemic effects of cigarette smoke.
What are the latest findings in breast cancer research?5 answersRecent findings in breast cancer research include advancements in drug development, diagnosis technologies, and treatment options. In terms of drug development, several new drug candidates for breast cancer have completed clinical trials. In the field of diagnosis, new technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), smart bra, smart vest, and clinical breast exams have been developed. Breast self-awareness has also been found to be important in the early detection of breast cancer, with accuracy comparable to modern diagnostic tools. Additionally, the development of antibody-drug conjugates, such as trastuzumab deruxtecan (DS-8201a), has shown promising outcomes in HER2-positive heavily pretreated breast cancer patients. Based on recent clinical trials, DS-8201a has received accelerated approval from the US Food and Drug Administration for advanced or unresectable HER2-positive breast cancer. These findings highlight the continuous progress in understanding breast cancer and improving treatment options.