What are the current state in the field of histopathology in breast cancer study?5 answersThe current state of histopathology in breast cancer study involves the integration of deep learning techniques, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), to analyze histological images for diagnosis and prognosis. Advancements in digital histopathology methods, including label-free approaches based on refractive index maps, are being utilized for cancer grading. There is a gradual shift towards digital image analysis for making diagnoses and assessing prognostic features, with a focus on identifying minimal residual disease in breast cancer management. Additionally, the use of deep learning architectures for classifying breast cancer images into cancerous and non-cancerous categories is proving to be effective in differentiating benign from malignant cases with high accuracy. These developments highlight the evolving landscape of histopathology in breast cancer research, emphasizing the importance of leveraging technology for improved diagnostic and prognostic outcomes.
Literature review on DMBA induced breast cancer?4 answersDMBA-induced breast cancer models are extensively utilized in research due to their relevance in mimicking human breast cancer progression. Studies have shown that DMBA exposure in animal models leads to the development of mammary tumors, with a high incidence rate within a specific timeframe. These models have been crucial in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying breast cancer induction, including the activation of estrogen receptors and signaling pathways. Additionally, research has explored the immunomodulatory effects of natural compounds like Citrus limon extract in combating DMBA-induced breast cancer, highlighting potential therapeutic benefits. Furthermore, investigations into novel therapeutic approaches involving compounds like Diindolylmethane (DIM) and Empagliflozin have shown promising results in attenuating tumor growth and body weight gain in DMBA-induced breast cancer models.
What are the current literature reviews on the use of DMBA as a carcinogen in breast cancer development?4 answersCurrent literature reviews highlight the significance of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) as a carcinogen in breast cancer development. Studies have utilized DMBA-induced animal models in rats to mimic breast cancer, showcasing the induction of tumors and metastasis. Proteomic analysis in rat models exposed to DMBA revealed alterations in protein profiles associated with mammary carcinogenesis. Additionally, research has explored the inhibitory effects of isothiocyanates on DMBA-induced carcinogenesis, showing a decrease in carcinogenicity with their application. Furthermore, investigations into the therapeutic potential of Diosgenin encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles in DMBA-induced mammary oncogenesis have demonstrated hepato- and nephro-protective effects, indicating a promising avenue for breast cancer treatment.
How do changes in glucose metabolism and glucose transporters contribute to the development and progression of breast cancer?4 answersChanges in glucose metabolism and glucose transporters play a significant role in the development and progression of breast cancer. Glucose metabolic reprogramming, characterized by altered glucose utilization, fuels the growth, drug resistance, and metastasis of breast cancer cells. Fibroblast growth factor 16 (FGF16) induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promotes cellular invasion by altering the expression of extracellular matrix genes and enhancing aerobic glycolysis. Glucose transporters, such as GLUT1 and GLUT3, facilitate glucose transport into cancer cells, promoting glycolysis and lactate production. Lactate dehydrogenase (LD) is involved in glycolysis and is associated with pathologic complete response (pCR) and survival in breast cancer patients. Abnormal glucose metabolism in tumor cells is regulated by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which can be targeted for breast cancer treatment. Inhibition of Src kinase reduces glucose metabolism and limits energy available for cell growth, potentially preventing the development of breast cancer.
What is the role of dendritic cells in breast cancer?3 answersDendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in breast cancer by regulating immune responses and activating T lymphocytes for cancer eradication. Different subsets of DCs, such as CD1a+, CD83+, CD123+, LAMP3+, and DC-SIGN, have been identified in breast cancer and are associated with various clinical and pathological factors. In particular, intratumoural CD1a+ cells are significantly associated with progression-free survival, while LAMP3+ and CD123+ DCs are more prevalent in non-luminal breast cancer subtypes. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) shows a high fraction of conventional DCs (cDC) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDC), with high pDC levels correlating with better disease-specific and disease-free survival in TNBC patients. Understanding the roles of different DC subsets, their interactions, and their recruitment into the tumor microenvironment is crucial for developing effective immunotherapeutic strategies for breast cancer.
What are the current advances in the treatment of breast cancer?2 answersBreast cancer treatment has advanced significantly in recent years due to advances in genomics-based information and understanding of tumor biology. These advancements have contributed to improvements in breast cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized treatment options. Breast cancer is no longer solely a surgical disease, as a multidisciplinary approach to treatment has been developed. Targeted medical therapy based on an understanding of tumor biology has led to improved outcomes for breast cancer patients. Additionally, less radical surgery and new techniques in radiotherapy have reduced treatment morbidity and improved the quality of life for breast cancer survivors. The historical evolution of breast cancer treatment has seen milestones in breast reconstruction, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and advances in cancer biology, which have shaped current therapies. Major advances in understanding breast cancer biology have led to new treatment options that have improved prognosis. However, the development of new and effective treatment options remains a priority.