How can recent studies be a help to future researchers in technology?5 answersRecent studies in technology can serve as valuable resources for future researchers by providing insights into emerging trends and methodologies. Experimental and numerical research on composite members, such as concrete-filled steel tubular columns, has laid the foundation for exploring new applications in deep-sea construction. Additionally, studies focusing on HVAC systems and indoor environments emphasize the importance of energy consumption, thermal comfort, and material preservation, guiding future research towards enhancing building sustainability. Furthermore, investigations into consumer behavior and pricing strategies offer avenues for exploring rational expectations and decision-making processes, which can be applied in various technological contexts. By analyzing recent science and technology policy studies, researchers can gain a comprehensive understanding of trends like technological innovation, sustainable energy development, and cyber security, shaping the direction of future research endeavors.
What is research on NEO DFT in quantum tunneling?5 answersResearch on NEO-DFT in quantum tunneling focuses on incorporating nuclear quantum effects into quantum chemistry calculations, particularly in low-energy reactions involving light nuclei and tunneling phenomena. The NEO approach treats select nuclei quantum mechanically alongside electrons, improving the accuracy of reaction probabilities and rate constants for processes like proton transfer reactions. Additionally, NEO-DFT methods efficiently calculate ground and excited states, considering nuclear quantum effects and non-Born-Oppenheimer behavior, crucial for studying photochemical processes and excited state geometries. By including explicit electron-proton correlation, the NEO-XCHF scheme significantly enhances the description of nuclear wave functions, leading to more accurate vibrational frequencies and geometries, especially in hydrogen bonding interactions and transfer reactions. These advancements pave the way for better understanding and simulating fundamental processes like proton-coupled electron transfer and photoinduced proton transfer.
What are the current research efforts aimed at enhancing the security of blockchain systems against quantum attacks?5 answersCurrent research efforts aimed at enhancing the security of blockchain systems against quantum attacks include the proposal of a hybrid approach that combines stateless and stateful signature schemes, such as Dilithium or Falcon with the extended Merkle Signature Scheme (XMSS). Another approach is the development of a quantum cross-chain model (QCC) that provides post-quantum security through access control policies, two-way authentication, and a quantum ring signature scheme (QRS) for cross-chain transactions. Additionally, a quantum-secure blockchain (QSB) scheme has been proposed, which incorporates a quantum proof of authority (QPoA) consensus mechanism and an identity-based quantum signature (IQS) for transaction signing and verification. Furthermore, a potential quantum cyber-attack has been investigated in a blockchain-based Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET), highlighting the need for a quantum-secured blockchain. Overall, these research efforts contribute to addressing the security challenges posed by quantum computing in blockchain systems.
How does local force optimization affect the performance of tunneling operations?4 answersLocal force optimization, specifically in the context of tunneling operations, has been shown to have a significant impact on performance. The use of local optima networks generated through evolutionary algorithms based on the Generalised Asymmetric Partition Crossover has been found to smooth the landscape and improve the performance of the Asymmetric Travelling Salesman Problem. Additionally, the tunneling algorithm, an extension of GENET for optimization, has demonstrated outstanding performance in escaping local minima in constraint satisfaction optimization problems, partial constraint satisfaction problems, radio frequency allocation problems, and traveling salesman problems. The effectiveness of the approach is not limited to specific systems or noise types, making it applicable to any two-qubit system and noise model. Overall, local force optimization techniques have shown promise in improving the performance of tunneling operations in various problem domains.
What are the current advancements in the development of semiconductor materials for tunnelling applications?5 answersCurrent advancements in the development of semiconductor materials for tunnelling applications include the use of two-dimensional materials (2DMs) such as transition metal dichalcogenides and black phosphorous. These materials have a layered structure, which allows for sharp band edges and vertical quantum confinement, making them suitable for tunneling transistors (TFETs). Heterojunctions made of different 2DMs, such as WSe2/MoS2 heterostacks, have been explored and shown to exhibit strong interlayer coupling and gate-controlled band-to-band tunneling. Material bandgap engineering techniques have also been employed to enhance the performance of TFETs, such as using different materials for the source and drain regions to control off-state leakage currents. Additionally, the use of III-V semiconductor multilayers with modulated conduction band slopes has been investigated to enable flexible control of quantum tunneling probability. These advancements aim to improve the performance and functionality of tunnelling devices for energy-saving and ultrafast operation.
Whats the tunnel efect in quantum physics?5 answersQuantum tunneling is a phenomenon in which particles can pass through a potential energy barrier, even if they do not have enough energy to overcome it. This effect is related to the concept of kinetic isotope effects, where the substitution of isotopes in a reactant can change the reaction rate. It has been observed in various systems, including enzymatic reactions and carbene rearrangements. Quantum tunneling occurs due to the wavelike behavior of particles, such as photons, and can be demonstrated through experiments like frustrated total internal reflection. It is a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics and provides a new mechanism for manipulating electromagnetic waves. The understanding of quantum tunneling has expanded our knowledge of control mechanisms in chemical reactions and has implications for various fields, including biology and device applications.