What did Golman and some others write about Information Avoidance?5 answersGolman and other researchers have extensively discussed Information Avoidance (IA) in various fields such as medicine, economics, psychology, and educational technology. They highlighted how individuals tend to avoid information even when it could be beneficial. In the realm of educational technology, IA has been a relatively underexplored area, prompting the proposal of new research methodologies to study IA in this context. Additionally, studies have shown that IA is not limited to traditional disciplines but also extends to academic reading among students, leading to the loss of valuable information post-reading. To address this issue, innovative approaches like grouping systems with digital paper have been suggested to facilitate discussions among students and mitigate information loss due to avoidance behaviors.
What is avoidance symptom?5 answersAvoidance symptom refers to actions taken to prevent uncomfortable situations or emotions. In the context of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), avoidance plays a significant role in the development and maintenance of the disorder. It can manifest in various forms such as physical avoidance, emotional avoidance, and changing topics. Experiential avoidance (EA) is another aspect related to avoidance, where individuals try to escape unpleasant experiences. Avoidance behaviors can include subtle actions like distracting oneself from triggering thoughts or more obvious actions like avoiding activities that elicit strong sensations. Individuals with PTSD may exhibit a general cognitive bias towards acquiring and expressing avoidance behaviors, even in situations unrelated to trauma or fear.
What are the factors that affect information behavior?4 answersFactors that affect information behavior include self-efficacy, intention to IT security practice, security practice-care behavior, security practice-technology, affect, cognition, personal environment, curricula, tasks, people, sources, technology, culture, language, tradition, religion, information overload, information sources, information literacy, computer literacy, and digital literacy. These factors have diverse effects on individuals' information behavior, such as promoting information seeking, facilitating reconceptualization and self-growth, providing opportunities to help others, and impacting information interpretations and understanding. It is important for individuals, especially students, to possess information literacy skills and be familiar with quality information sources to avoid information overload and feelings of insecurity and frustration.
What factors influence the evolution of avoidance behaviors?5 answersAvoidance behaviors in animals are influenced by a range of factors. The presence of natural enemies, such as predators, parasites, pathogens, and parasitoids, exerts fitness costs on their victims, leading to the evolution of avoidance behaviors. These behaviors help animals navigate through a "landscape of peril" created by multiple natural enemies. The evolution of avoidance behaviors is also influenced by the selective pressures imposed by different types of natural enemies, which require animals to allocate energy optimally among distinct avoidance behaviors. In addition, the neurobiological mechanisms associated with activating and directing avoidance behaviors, such as olfactory-mediated recognition, social factors, and brain regions like the amygdala and insular cortex, play a role in pathogen avoidance. Understanding the strategies, mechanisms, and consequences of avoidance behaviors can provide insights into the ecological and evolutionary impacts of natural enemies on animals.
What is information behaviour?5 answersInformation behavior refers to the patterns of human behavior in relation to the use and seeking of information. It involves the process through which individuals acquire information. Information behavior encompasses various aspects such as articulating information needs, seeking, evaluating, selecting, and using information. It is a crucial area of knowledge for reference service providers as it helps in understanding users' information seeking and use. In the context of distance learning, understanding the digital information behavior of learners and teachers is important for organizing digital resources and improving users' digital empowerment. Collaborative information behavior is another aspect that involves the use of information for the benefit of others, either through intentional sharing or accidental discovery. Overall, information behavior plays a significant role in accessing and utilizing information effectively in various contexts.
What are the motivations for disclosing tax information?5 answersThe motivations for disclosing tax information include the desire to improve taxpayer compliance, increase transparency, and understand the factors influencing tax evasion behavior. Public disclosure of income tax paid by taxpayers and recognition of top taxpayers have been found to significantly increase tax payments, suggesting that social and psychological factors play a role in compliance behavior. Extrinsic motives, such as the desire to avoid penalties, and intrinsic motives, such as responsibility to pay taxes, influence taxpayers' decisions to make tax amnesty disclosures. Supporters of tax disclosure argue that increased transparency improves taxpayer compliance, while opponents raise concerns about exposing sensitive tax information. Individual motivations, shaped by financial incentives and audit, penalty, and tax rates, are important but not always decisive in compliance decisions, as group motivations, including social norms, morality, altruism, and fairness, also play a role. Trustworthiness, fairness, and the perception of authority's actions influence small business taxpayers' disposition towards taxation.