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What are the results for detection of inducing Treg cell culture. Write in scientific paper.? 


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Inducing Treg cell cultures have been studied in several papers. One study compared the effectiveness of different pharmacological agents in optimizing Treg-inducing protocols. Rapamycin and prednisolone were found to be the most effective agents in increasing the number of Treg cells and their expression of Foxp3 . Another study evaluated the effects of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) and rapamycin on induced human Treg cells. It was found that atRA increased the yield of Treg cells, while rapamycin did not have an effect on the number of Treg cells. Treg cells generated in the presence of atRA had an increased expression of the β7 integrin, while rapamycin-treated cells showed enhanced expression of CXCR4 . A preclinical investigation on the potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to expand Treg cells found that MSC-induced Treg-like cells resembled natural Treg cells in terms of phenotype, suppressive ability, and methylation profile . Another study aimed to generate Treg cells in children with risk factors for cardiovascular disease and found that Treg cells could be generated from these children, although they varied in the expression of certain molecules compared to Treg cells from healthy subjects . Finally, a study on induced Treg (iTreg) cells found that while they exhibited suppressive ability in vitro, they did not regulate experimental glomerulonephritis in vivo and were unstable in an inflammatory milieu .

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The paper states that induced Treg (iTreg) cells were generated from polyclonal naive CD4+ T cells in vitro using specific culture conditions and antibodies. The iTreg cells exhibited comparable surface receptor expression and suppressive ability to natural Treg cells.
The study successfully generated functional Treg cells in children with metabolic syndrome using CD3/CD28 antibodies and IL-2/TGF-β stimulation. The expression of Treg marker FoxP3 significantly increased after culture.
The results of the study showed that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can induce the conversion of conventional CD4 T cells into regulatory T cells (Treg) in vitro. This was evidenced by an increase in the counts and frequency of Treg-like cells, which resembled natural Treg in terms of phenotype, suppressive ability, and methylation profile.
The addition of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) to the culture increased the yield of induced Treg cells to 66%, while the addition of rapamycin (RAPA) did not increase the number of Treg cells.
The paper compares the effectiveness of different immunomodulatory agents in inducing Treg cells. Rapamycin and prednisolone were found to be the most effective in increasing the number and stability of Treg cells.

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