What is Lambda λ shock wave?5 answersA Lambda (λ) shock wave refers to a specific type of electrical activity observed in various contexts. In the field of social sciences, the Shock Wave algorithm is utilized to present graphs of text, emphasizing semantic fields and opposition relations within the analyzed content. In the medical realm, Lambda waves are identified in electrocardiograms of patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), where their appearance is associated with a higher risk of impending malignant arrhythmias, particularly in the inferior and lateral leads. Additionally, Lambda waves have been observed in the brain during specific activities such as visual scanning under good illumination or while watching a movie, indicating a connection to physiological and psychological phenomena.
What is the speed of a shockwave in an intake manifold at 5000rpm?5 answersThe speed of a shockwave in an intake manifold at 5000rpm is not mentioned in any of the provided abstracts.
What are the factors that influence air velocity?3 answersAir velocity is influenced by several factors. The spacing between guide vanes in an air curtain unit, the cross section of the unit, and the angle of the guide vanes all have an impact on the uniformity, deviation, and volume of the air curtain unit. In the case of ventilation control in tunnels during a fire, the air velocity upstream of the fire location is a critical parameter. The number and position of circulation fans in a greenhouse also affect airflow and air temperature distribution. Additionally, the compressing coefficient and initial velocity of an air jet can be determined by the extent to which a bus passenger compartment is filled with seats and passengers. In the context of hot air drying, the drying kinetics of potato cubes are influenced by air velocity, with external resistance to mass transfer becoming significant below a certain air velocity value.
How does temperature affect the velocity of lamb wave?5 answersTemperature affects the velocity of Lamb waves by increasing the amplitude and decreasing the phase velocity as the temperature increases. Lamb wave-based setups are less affected by temperature compared to other flow meters. The temperature-dependent radiation angle of Lamb waves compensates for changes in the speed of sound, resulting in an almost unaffected overall time of flight. In a guided-wave-based damage detection system, changes in temperature affect both the propagation of Lamb waves and the fiber optic sensor's spectrum. Temperature variations cause a change in wave velocity, which can be observed as a signal stretching. A novel method for compensating the temperature influence on Lamb wave snapshots involves calculating the signal's instantaneous phase and shifting it to match the phase of the baseline signal.
What are the long-term effects of shockwave therapy for knee osteoarthritis?4 answersExtracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has been shown to have long-term effects on knee osteoarthritis (KOA). ESWT significantly improves pain scores and functional outcomes in patients with KOA, with effects lasting up to six months to one year. It has also been found to have a beneficial effect on pain relief, function outcome, and medial collateral ligament (MCL) thickness. ESWT modifies cartilage and subchondral bone alterations in OA progression, leading to improvements in chronic pain and limited joint activities. However, there is still a lack of clarity regarding the frequency and dosage levels of ESWT required to achieve maximum improvement. More prospective studies are needed to optimize treatment results and determine the optimal settings for ESWT in KOA.
What is TVD scheme in shock waves?5 answersTVD schemes, or total variation diminishing schemes, are numerical methods used to simulate reactive flows and unsteady flows with shock waves. These schemes are designed to accurately capture shock waves without introducing spurious oscillations. They are particularly useful for simulating hypersonic viscous flow in chemical non-equilibrium. TVD schemes have been successfully applied to solve the Burgers and Euler's equations, as well as the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. They have been shown to accurately capture shock waves in various flow scenarios, including shock tubes, inviscid turbulence, and supersonic/transonic flows. TVD schemes are capable of capturing discontinuous shock waves without introducing any spurious oscillations, making them suitable for hydraulic shock wave modeling. However, it should be noted that TVD schemes may have limitations in accurately computing vortex growth and require a larger number of grid points to resolve the correct vortex behavior.