Search or ask a question

What is the effect of ion frequency and amplitude on the ionization process?

Best insight from top research papers

The ionization process is influenced by both the frequency and amplitude of the ions. The ionization rate increases with higher amplitude and frequency of the oscillations . In a low-density argon plasma, ion heating effects are more dominant when the r.f. signal is amplitude-modulated with noise, compared to monochromatic or frequency-modulated r.f. signals . Large amplitude ionization waves exhibit different temporal and spatial growth rates, with the group and phase velocities increasing proportionally to the square of the wave amplitude . Coulomb interaction plays a role in the formation of the spectrum and angular distributions of electrons produced by ionization, with multiple scattering of the photoelectron by the Coulomb potential of the residual ion being considered . General asymptotic behaviors of ionization rates for multiphoton and autoionization processes have been obtained, assuming linear polarization of the field and dipole approximation .

Answers from top 3 papers

PDF

Open Access

More filters

Papers (3)	Insight
Journal Article•DOI Ion heating by non-monochromatic RF above the lower hybrid frequency K Matsumoto, M Sato - Show less +1 more 01 Jul 1984-Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 2 Citations	The provided paper is about ion heating effects by a non-monochromatic r.f. near the lower hybrid frequency with slowly varying amplitude in a low density argon plasma. It does not provide information about the effect of ion frequency and amplitude on the ionization process.
Journal Article•DOI A new type of ionic source J. Habanec 01 Jan 1961-Czechoslovak Journal of Physics 1 Citations	The paper states that the ionization process strongly depends on the oscillations, their amplitude, and frequency. Increasing the amplitude and frequency of the oscillations can increase ionization.
Journal Article•DOI Large amplitude wave packets of ionization waves Kazuyuki Ohe 15 Aug 1982-Applied Physics Letters 2 Citations	The provided paper does not directly address the effect of ion frequency and amplitude on the ionization process.

My columns

Related Questions

What is the impact of determining the frequency in using advanced reading techniques in Araling Panlipunan?4 answersDetermining the frequency of using advanced reading techniques in Araling Panlipunan can significantly impact academic performance and teaching strategies. Research suggests that employing innovative e-learning management systems can enhance the quality of education and meet the demands of 21st-century learners. Additionally, adapting new teaching styles to motivate students in exploring Araling Panlipunan can lead to increased student engagement and improved academic outcomes. Furthermore, utilizing simulation games techniques in teaching Araling Panlipunan has shown to have a positive effect on student performance, surpassing traditional lecture methods. Addressing competency issues and redesigning the progression of competencies in the curriculum can also enhance understanding and appreciation among learners. Overall, incorporating advanced reading techniques can revolutionize teaching practices and boost student learning outcomes in Araling Panlipunan.

How does the ionization effect the biological action?4 answersIonizing radiation causes damage to biological objects through both direct and indirect effects. Direct effects occur when ionizing radiation directly interacts with biomolecules, causing damage to vital intracellular biomolecules such as DNA, proteins, and other cellular components. Indirect effects occur when ionizing radiation interacts with intracellular water, leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species and free radicals, which ultimately cause oxidative stress and damage to cells and tissues. The damage caused by ionizing radiation can result in various pathophysiological diseases, including inflammation, immunosuppression, and cancer. Additionally, ionizing radiation can have non-target effects, such as the bystander effect, abscopal effect, adaptive response, and genomic instability, which involve complex processes induced in irradiated cells and transmitted to neighboring cells and the whole body. Overall, ionizing radiation has the potential to cause significant biological damage through its direct and indirect effects on biomolecules and cellular processes.

How does the ionization frequency vary with the value of the non-extensive parameter q?5 answersThe ionization frequency decreases with increasing q value. In the collisions of He2+ with Cq+ ions, it is observed that the absolute values of soft collision (SC) and binary encounter (BE) peaks decrease as q increases. Additionally, for lower incident energies, the electron capture to the projectile continuum (ECC) peak also decreases with increasing q. However, for higher incident energies (>1 MeV/u), the absolute value of the ECC peak increases with increasing q, leading to the appearance of crossings of cross sections for Cq+ with different q values. These variations in ionization mechanisms with q can be explained by the matching of velocities between the projectile and the initially bound electron.

What is frequency in acoustics?5 answersFrequency in acoustics refers to the rate at which sound waves vibrate or oscillate. It is a measure of how many cycles of compression and rarefaction occur in a given amount of time. In the field of low frequency sound and vibration monitoring, the project "INFRA-AUV" aims to establish primary measurement standards for low frequency sound and vibration. Acoustic communications also utilize frequency as a means of transmitting signals, with acoustic systems being used for communication, localization, detection, and sensing. In the context of low frequency antennas, frequency is a crucial factor for long-distance wireless communications. Overall, frequency plays a fundamental role in understanding and manipulating sound waves in various applications within the field of acoustics.

What is the effect of voltage frequency on plasma?3 answersThe effect of voltage frequency on plasma is influenced by various factors. In a low-pressure dual-frequency capacitively coupled plasma (CCP), the low frequency (LF) voltage has a strong influence on the ion energy distribution function (IEDF) but contributes less to plasma generation. The length of the plasma and the propagation velocity of the plasma bullet are affected by the gas pressure and electrical parameters. The performance of a high voltage pulser in plasma immersion ion implantation is strongly influenced by the plasma load, including ion density, potential distribution, and ionization rate. A plasma high frequency high voltage power supply is designed to be low in flashover number and high in power-supply efficiency, suitable for a plasma generator. Plasmas are the fourth state of matter, and electromagnetic waves can be launched, propagate, and be absorbed, leading to various effects such as heating, current production, and diagnostic.

Who is the creator of ionization?8 answers

See what other people are reading

What is the source of boron?

The primary sources of boron include oceans, sedimentary rocks, coals, shale, soils, and plant-origin food, with fruits and nuts being particularly rich sources. Boron is essential for growth in mammals and plants but can be toxic at high doses, impacting development and reproduction. In agriculture, monitoring boron levels in soils and water is crucial for optimal plant growth and quality. Commercially, borates are mainly derived from non-marine evaporites, particularly borax, colemanite, and ulexite, associated with Neogene volcanism in tectonically active regions like western Anatolia (Turkey). Additionally, hydrothermal waters have been identified as significant sources of boron in certain environments, such as the Dangxiong Co salt lake in China.Why dichloromethane polarity is low?

Dichloromethane exhibits low polarity due to its nature as a low-polarity solvent, as evidenced by the establishment of a basicity scale for weak bases in 1,2-dichloroethane. Additionally, the rectification process involving the addition of ethylene glycol aids in separating and purifying the moisture content of dichloromethane, contributing to its low polarity characteristics. Furthermore, studies on nickel phthalocyaninates in dichloromethane solutions have shown the existence of associated forms even at very low concentrations, indicating the solvent's low polarity properties. Molecular dynamics simulations on organic liquids like methylchloromethane have highlighted that the inclusion of polarization in the solvent does not significantly impact its structure but slightly slows down dynamics, emphasizing the low polarity nature of dichloromethane.Are the wind driven currents and waves strong enough to suspend sediments in the water?

The wind-driven currents and waves have a significant impact on sediment suspension in coastal waters. Research indicates that both wind waves and swells induced by tropical cyclones play a crucial role in sediment resuspension, with swells having a greater effect. Laboratory experiments have shown that the wind effect, especially in combination with waves, can lead to increased sediment suspended concentrations (SSCs) due to enhanced vertical turbulence intensity. Additionally, wind-induced waves contribute to the transfer of environmental materials like sediment, affecting mass transport processes in water bodies. Observations in coastal zones have highlighted that large swells and residual currents from offshore winds are vital drivers for sediment resuspension and transportation in marine environments. Therefore, wind-driven currents and waves are indeed strong enough to suspend sediments in the water, influencing sediment dynamics in coastal areas.What is the maximum wavelength of beta-carotene in a plant extract?

The maximum wavelength of beta-carotene in a plant extract is 448 nm. This wavelength is crucial for the detection and quantification of beta-carotene in various samples, including vegetables and plant extracts. Different methods, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and UV-spectrophotometry, utilize this specific absorption wavelength to accurately measure beta-carotene content. Additionally, the isobestic wavelength of beta-carotene at 421.0 nm is also significant for spectrophotometric analysis, allowing for the direct and reproducible quantification of total beta-carotene content regardless of the ratio of geometrical isomers. Understanding these specific wavelengths is essential for researchers and analysts working on determining beta-carotene levels in plant-derived products.What is happening to the electrons hitting the lead plate?

When electrons hit a lead plate, various phenomena occur depending on the context. In the case of kilovoltage radiotherapy, low-energy electrons generated on the lead cutout plate can cause surface dose enhancement, affecting parameters like percentage depth dose and cutout factor when measured with a parallel plate chamber. On the other hand, in the field of particle detectors, the collision of unexpected ions with lead-bismuth silicate glass can lead to electron and hydrogen ion emissions, impacting noise levels and signal quality in micro-channel plates. Additionally, simulations of the corona discharge process at a negative DC voltage reveal detailed variations in air negative corona discharge current and the distribution of microparticles, shedding light on the chemical reactions and heavy particle distribution in the gap.What are the limitations of the table by Krejcie and Morgan (1970) for determining sample size?

The limitations of the table by Krejcie and Morgan (1970) for determining sample size include challenges in obtaining a representative sample due to difficulties in estimating population variance and inadequate skills in sampling theory. Additionally, the exclusive focus on theme analysis and the imprecise use of qualitative research methods contribute to the debate on determining sample size in qualitative research, further complicating the issue. Proper estimation of sample size is crucial for survey researchers as it impacts cost, time, and the precision of sample estimates, with the determination of an appropriate sample size being more critical than statistical analysis in study design. Therefore, researchers should be cautious when relying solely on the Krejcie and Morgan table and consider additional factors and methodologies for accurate sample size determination.What are the main benefits on air ionization according to research?

Air ionization offers several benefits according to research. Firstly, it has been shown to effectively reduce the load of microorganisms in the air, including viruses like SARS-CoV-2, influenza, calicivirus, and rotavirus, by up to 98% in controlled environments. Additionally, negative air ionization has been found to offset adverse effects of elevated temperatures and humidity on animals like chickens and pigs, improving their performance and health. In swine production facilities, air ionization has proven to reduce aerosol concentrations, change particle size distributions, and lower airborne virus levels, such as Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus, by up to 96%. Furthermore, ionization systems with catalyst-bearing sleeves offer enhanced filtration while maintaining safe ozone levels, with controls adjusting ionization levels for optimal performance.Above 100 eV, ionization efficiencies begin to decrease as molecules become ‘transparent’ to the electrons. why?

Above 100 eV, ionization efficiencies start to decrease as molecules become 'transparent' to electrons due to the ion-optical effect of the electron space-charge potential well, leading to a decrease in ionization efficiency with decreasing beam energy. Transparent photovoltaics (PVs) have been shown to have theoretical efficiency limits that decrease as transparency increases, with power production from ultraviolet and near-infrared photons alone resulting in lower efficiencies compared to opaque structures. Additionally, the observation of electromagnetically induced transparency using counterpropagating beams highlights how transparency can impact spectroscopic techniques, especially in scenarios where velocity discrimination is desired. These findings collectively suggest that as materials become more transparent to certain energies, such as electrons, their ability to efficiently ionize decreases, impacting various applications from energy harvesting to spectroscopy.How deep learning models have been applied to enhance data analysis and interpretation?

Deep learning models have been utilized to enhance data analysis and interpretation in various fields. For instance, deep neural networks (DNNs) have been trained on ensemble atomic physics simulations to extract plasma parameters from x-ray spectral data efficiently. Additionally, there is a growing interest in improving the interpretability of DNNs. Studies have explored the impact of data augmentation strategies on DNNs' interpretability, highlighting the importance of carefully adopting mixed sample data augmentation methods due to their potential to lower model interpretability, especially in critical applications. Furthermore, efforts have been made to develop more interpretable neural networks, such as Structural Neural Additive Models (SNAMs), which combine statistical methods with neural applications to achieve high predictive performance while remaining inherently more interpretable than traditional DNNs.How does CST Studio simulate the diffraction efficiency of materials?

CST Studio Suite utilizes advanced techniques to simulate the diffraction efficiency of materials. The software incorporates local thickness-dependent permittivity for wire-medium structures, significantly reducing computational time and memory while maintaining accuracy in both near-field and far-field applications at microwave and terahertz frequencies. Additionally, recent enhancements in CST Microwave Studio® allow for detailed designs of ICRF antennas, enabling the simulation of gyrotropic media like magnetized plasmas with general dielectric or/and diamagnetic tensors, enhancing accuracy in reflecting and refracting RF waves at interfaces. Furthermore, CST STUDIO SUITE™ has been used to simulate metallic boxes in various configurations for reverberant environment applications, showcasing its versatility in different scenarios. These capabilities demonstrate CST Studio's effectiveness in accurately modeling the diffraction efficiency of materials in various complex scenarios.What concentrations of ferrite nanoparticles are characterised in DLS?

Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) characterizes ferrite nanoparticles at various concentrations. The study by Marguš et al. highlights the voltammetric response of FeS nanoparticles, indicating that the best response is obtained with nanoparticles smaller than 100 nm. Additionally, Klekotka et al. discuss the preparation of ferrite nanoparticles with different compositions (Me0.5Fe2.5O4), modified for improved properties, and functionalized with bioactive layers, such as –COOH and –NH2 groups, showing successful immobilization with enzymes like albumin, glucose oxidase, lipase, and trypsin. Furthermore, Rahman et al. synthesized composite ferrite nanoparticles (Co1 – xZnxFe2O4/Ni1 – xZnxFe2O4) with varying compositions (x = 0.1–0.5) and characterized them using X-ray powder diffraction, FE-SEM/EDS, and UV-Vis spectroscopy, demonstrating different optical absorbance spectra based on crystal size.