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What is the impact of ion irradiation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of stainless steel?

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Ion irradiation has significant effects on the microstructure and mechanical properties of stainless steel. Studies on various stainless steel grades, including austenitic stainless steels like AFA stainless steel , have shown that ion irradiation leads to the formation of irradiation-induced defects such as dislocation loops, which evolve in size and density based on irradiation parameters . Additionally, ion irradiation can induce phase transformations, like the formation of an expanded austenite phase and CrN phase in austenitic stainless steel . Furthermore, irradiation can alter the mechanical properties, leading to irradiation hardening phenomena and changes in strain-rate sensitivity . These findings are crucial for understanding the behavior of stainless steel under irradiation conditions, especially in applications like nuclear reactors and extreme environments.

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Journal Article•DOI Effects of MeV Fe Ions Irradiation on the Microstructure and Property of Nuclear Grade 304 Stainless Steel: Characterized by Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscope and Nanoindentation H. Yan, H. Yan, Zhiming Zhang, Jianqiu Wang, Bright O. Okonkwo, Bright O. Okonkwo, En-Hou Han - Show less +6 more 14 May 2021-Acta Metallurgica Sinica (english Letters) 1 Citations	Ion irradiation on nuclear grade 304 stainless steel induces defects, enlarges dislocation loops, and increases irradiation hardening. Mechanical properties, like hardness, improve with higher irradiation doses up to saturation.
Journal Article•DOI Effects of proton irradiation on nanoindentation strain-rate sensitivity and microstructural properties in L-PBF 17–4 PH stainless steels Mohammad Jashim Uddin, Héctor R. Siller, R.A. Mirshams, Todd A. Byers, Bibhudutta Rout - Show less +4 more 01 Jan 2022-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing 1 Citations	Ion irradiation at 1 MeV fluence significantly alters strain-rate sensitivity, micro-mechanical properties, and microstructure of L-PBF 17-4 PH stainless steel, particularly affecting grain size and mechanical strength at higher strain rates.
Proceedings Article•DOI Effects of irradiation dose and temperature on dislocation loop evolution of Al-forming austenitic stainless steel with In-situ TEM observation Zhao-li Ma, Ruiqian Zhang, Jun Wu, Huan Chen, Ming Shu - Show less +4 more 29 Apr 2022	Ion irradiation affects the microstructure of Al-forming austenitic stainless steel, influencing dislocation loop evolution. Loop size, density, and nature change with dose and temperature, impacting mechanical properties like yield strength.
Journal Article•DOI Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Nitrogen Ion Irradiated 316 Stainless Steel Chaoliang Xu, Xiangbing Liu, Yuanfei Li, Wang-jie Qian, Wenqing Jia, Qiwei Quan, Jian Yin - Show less +6 more 25 Jan 2022-Nuclear Technology 1 Citations	Ion irradiation of stainless steel induces an expanded austenite phase, CrN phase, and irradiation-induced martensite. It results in increased hardness, observed through two inflexion points in hardness data.

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How does heat treatment affect the precipitation of TiN in stainless steel?3 answersHeat treatment affects the precipitation of TiN in stainless steel by controlling the nitrogen content and refining the austenite grains. The reduction of nitrogen content during the Ladle Furnace (LF) process can significantly decrease the amount of TiN precipitates. In the case of 06Cr15Ni5Cu2Ti martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel, the heat treatment method involves solid solution treatment, adjusting treatment, and aging treatment. The adjusting treatment between Ac1 and Ac3 helps in reducing the size of TiN precipitates and facilitates cold deformation and machining use. Another solid solution heat treatment process for stainless steel involves heating the steel to an initial temperature, insulating it at 1100°C, and then cooling it in ice-water mixtures. This process improves the efficiency of solid solution heat treatment and achieves a desired hardness range. Additionally, a heat treatment method for precipitation hardening stainless steel involves executing sub-zero treatments after the solution treatment and precipitation hardening treatment to effectively remove the retained austenite structure.

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