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What is the long term effect of supplemental androgens on the male's ability to produce sperm? 

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Our study is the first to demonstrate a significant effect of short sperm longevity on the last-male sperm precedence.
Summary Growth and maintenance of the prostate is dependent on androgens.
Long-term 6-MP treatment in male mice did not impair sperm production and sperm morphology.
This study demonstrates that the dose or route of administration of androgens is critical for sperm suppression in combined androgen-progestagen regimens for hormonal male contraception.
Hence, the ability of androgens to maintain spermatogenesis in vivo is partly via their effects on TJ proteins and regulation of the blood-testis barrier.
A chronic reduction in sperm quality and increased weight gain could have negative consequences on the reproductive capacity of males, and further studies should consider the effects of long-term ATZ exposure on male reproductive health.
Contrary to what was initially hypothesized, androgens seem to have an overall cardioprotective effect, especially in men.
It seems a defensible practice to treat aging men with androgens if and when they are testosterone-deficient, but long-term studies including sufficient numbers of men are needed.
The similar survival of androgens from inbred and outbred sperm sources may be the result of high treatment mortality associated with androgenesis.
This effect may be mediated by estrogens derived from testicular androgens.
In conclusion, the overall effect of administration of testosterone on cardiovascular-disease risk is difficult to assess because androgens have such an extraordinary array of effects in vivo.

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