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What is the relationship between scaling relations and electronic structure in oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs)? 


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Scaling relations in oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) are closely tied to the electronic structure of catalysts. Different catalyst configurations impact the activity of ORRs through variations in reaction kinetics and adsorption energies. For instance, the study by Li et al. demonstrates that the segregation of atomic clusters in NiO2/Ni1/Pd systems significantly influences the electronic structure, affecting ORR performance . Additionally, the work on graphite-conjugated catalysts (GCCs) highlights how modifications in functional groups and aromatic scaffolds can alter catalytic activity, breaking scaling relations and tuning the rate-determining step in ORRs . Furthermore, the use of intermetallic-distance-regulated atomic-scale bimetal assembly (ABA) can regulate the linear scaling relationship in ORRs, leading to enhanced kinetics and selectivity . These findings collectively emphasize the intricate interplay between scaling relations and electronic structure in optimizing ORR catalysts.

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The electronic structure in ORRs is regulated by intermetallic-distance-controlled bimetal assembly, breaking the linear scaling relationship and enhancing kinetics and selectivity through a dual-sites mechanism.
Not addressed in the paper.
Scaling relations in ORRs correlate intermediate reaction energies of different steps. Electronic structure modifications can break these relations, impacting catalytic activity of graphite-conjugated catalysts.
Scaling relations in ORRs are influenced by electronic structure. Zirconium oxynitride's OOH*-OOH and GO*-GOH scaling deviates from standard ORR scaling, impacting catalytic activity.
Scaling relations in ORRs are influenced by the electronic structure, as demonstrated by the NiO2/Ni1/Pd catalyst showing optimized performance due to atomic cluster segregation affecting adsorption energies.

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What is the relationship between the magnetic properties of electrons in crystals and the electronic structure of the crystal?5 answersThe magnetic properties of electrons in crystals are closely related to the electronic structure of the crystal. The arrangement of energy levels in the crystal determines the transport, magnetic, and optical properties of the material. The crystal field theory describes the influence of the crystal environment on metal centers by considering the splitting of energy levels, known as crystal field splitting (CFS). The CFS, determined by the symmetry properties of the system, affects various properties such as optical, magnetic, and thermodynamic properties. The filling of energy bands in the crystal by charge transfer from conduction electrons can also influence the magnetic properties. Therefore, the electronic structure of the crystal plays a crucial role in determining the magnetic properties of electrons in crystals.
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What is scaling up?5 answersScaling up refers to the process of increasing the size or capacity of a system or process. It involves expanding the scope or magnitude of an operation to accommodate larger volumes or higher levels of performance. In the context of the abstracts provided, scaling up is discussed in various domains. In the aerospace industry, additive manufacturing is driving innovation in non-destructive testing, leading to the wider use of this technology. In the field of medicine, scaling up has resulted in the evolution of medical institutions and the establishment of national health systems, transforming the organization, financing, and delivery of medical care. In the context of knowledge sharing, scaling up has been achieved through the establishment of coordination groups and collaborative working to address gender equality and mainstreaming objectives in teaching and research. In the field of bioreactor design, scaling up involves maintaining proportional nutrient supply and addressing spatial heterogeneity to achieve consistent product performance.

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