Search or ask a question

Which functions do the P1 and P2 isoforms f hnf4a have?

Transcription factor

Alternative splicing

Hepatocyte differentiation

Best insight from top research papers

The P1 and P2 isoforms of HNF4α have distinct functions in various biological contexts. P1 isoforms are associated with restraining tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal cancer, promoting a distinct differentiation state in HNF4α-positive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) . In contrast, P2 isoforms are permissive for tumor growth in the mentioned cancers . Additionally, P2-HNF4α drives ketogenesis in the liver, orchestrating a unique transcriptome and metabolome, while P1-HNF4α drives gluconeogenesis . In gastric cancer, P1-HNF4α acts as an oncogene, promoting cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, indicating its role in cancer progression . Therefore, the P1 and P2 isoforms of HNF4α play crucial and diverse roles in regulating gene expression, differentiation, tumor growth, and metabolic pathways in various biological processes and diseases.

Answers from top 5 papers

PDF

Open Access

More filters

Papers (5)	Insight
Open access•Posted Content•DOI Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α multiple isoforms, their functions, and their interactomes 01 Feb 2023	P1 and P2 isoforms of HNF4α regulate transcription in various organs. P1 (a1 to a3) and P2 (a7 to a9) are canonical isoforms with well-characterized functions.
Open access•Posted Content•DOI HNF4α isoforms regulate the circadian balance between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the liver Jonathan R. Deans, Poonamjot Deol, Nina Titova, Sarah Radi, Linh M. Vuong, Jane R. Evans, Songqin Pan, Johannes Fahrmann, Jun Yang, Bruce D. Hammock, Oliver Fiehn, Baharan Fekry, Kristin Eckel-Mahan, Kristin Eckel-Mahan, Frances M. Sladek - Show less +14 more 28 Feb 2021-bioRxiv 3 Citations	P1-HNF4α regulates gluconeogenesis, while P2-HNF4α drives ketogenesis, maintaining the circadian balance between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the liver in a sex-specific manner.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Analysis of the HNF4A isoform-regulated transcriptome identifies CCL15 as a downstream target in gastric carcinogenesis Zhen Ni, Wenquan Lu, Qi Li, Chuan Han, Ting Yuan, Nina Sun, Yongquan Shi - Show less +6 more 12 Mar 2021-Cancer biology and medicine 5 Citations	The P1 isoform of HNF4A acts as the main oncogene in gastric cancer progression, promoting cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. The P2 isoform's functions are not specified in the paper.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α multiple isoforms, their functions, and their interactomes Jehison-Alirio Herrera-Pulido, François-Michel Boisvert, François Boudreau - Show less +2 more 26 May 2023-Proteomics	The P1 and P2 isoforms of HNF4α regulate critical biological processes. Their specific functions and interactomes with proteins are essential for understanding their roles in transcriptional regulation.
Journal Article•DOI Abstract B034: Characterizing the role of HNF4α P1 and P2 isoforms in the classical subtype of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Pengshu Fang, Walter Orellana - Show less +1 more 15 Nov 2022-Cancer Research	P1 isoforms of HNF4α restrain tumor growth and promote distinct differentiation, while P2 isoforms are permissive for tumor growth in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

My columns

Related Questions

Can N2A cells fire action potential ?5 answersN2A cells, when transfected with tau plasmids, show a downregulation of mRNA levels of several Kv channels, including Kv2.1, Kv3.1, Kv4.1, Kv9.2, and KCNH4, and a reduction in macroscopic currents through Kv channels, indicating an impact on electrical activity. On the other hand, NT2 neurons (NT2Ns) derived from stem cells exhibit sodium-dependent action potentials and responses to depolarization and neurotransmitters, showcasing their ability to generate action potentials. Additionally, exposure to 17β-estradiol inhibits Kv currents in N2A cells in a concentration-dependent manner, affecting peak and steady-state currents through Kv channels, suggesting a modulation of electrical activity. Therefore, while N2A cells can exhibit changes in Kv channel activity under certain conditions, stem cell-derived neurons like NT2Ns are capable of firing action potentials.

What is the role of MFN2 in the cell?4 answersMFN2, Mitofusin-2, plays a crucial role in various cellular processes. It is involved in regulating mitochondrial fusion, tethering the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for lipid, Ca2+, and ROS exchange. MFN2 also impacts cardiac response to hypobaric hypoxia by influencing metabolic reprogramming, fatty acid oxidation, and ATP production. Moreover, MFN2 is essential for maintaining mitochondrial quality control through fusion, fission, and autophagy processes, crucial for cellular homeostasis. Additionally, in the context of hypertension with depression, MFN2 upregulation promotes mitophagy activation in astrocytes, mitigating inflammation, mitochondrial damage, and neurotoxicity, ultimately improving depressive symptoms. Overall, MFN2's functions span from regulating organelle dynamics to influencing metabolic pathways and cellular responses to stressors.

Which motifs do human HNF4A transcription factor recognize?4 answersHuman HNF4A transcription factor recognizes specific DNA motifs, including the H4-SBM motif (xxxxCAAAGTCCA) and HNF-4α recognition motifs located at positions c.-95, c.-119, and c.-169 within the OTC promoter. Additionally, HNF4A binds to an enhanceosome consisting of ERα, AP1, GATA, and HNF1α in a genome-wide scan, facilitating interactions with other transcription factors. The binding specificity of HNF4A is mediated by unique residues Asp69 and Arg76 in its DNA-binding domain, distinguishing it from other nuclear receptors. This comprehensive understanding of HNF4A's DNA binding motifs sheds light on its regulatory role in gene expression, including targeting over 17,500 binding sites across the genome.

What is the role of KEAP1 in the regulation of NRF2?4 answersKEAP1 is a regulatory protein that plays a central role in the regulation of NRF2. KEAP1 acts as a biosensor for electrophiles and oxidative stress by using its reactive thiols. KEAP1 regulates the activity of NRF2 by promoting its degradation in the absence of stress. Under stress conditions, cysteine residues of KEAP1 are modified, leading to the attenuation of NRF2 degradation and allowing it to accumulate and induce the expression of target genes. KEAP1 also senses reactive metabolites, such as methylglyoxal, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, fumarate, and itaconate, resulting in the stabilization of NRF2 and activation of its cytoprotective transcriptional program. Additionally, KEAP1 can sense reactive metabolites through a conserved lysine residue, expanding its ability to sense metabolic messengers. Understanding the precise molecular mechanisms of how KEAP1 regulates NRF2 is critical for developing therapeutic strategies for diseases involving NRF2 dysregulation.

What is the role of FGF2 ?4 answersFGF2 plays a role in various biological processes. It is involved in the development and maintenance of the brain dopamine system, and its altered expression is associated with alcohol consumption and addiction. FGF2 has also been found to reduce mortality in sepsis by ameliorating coagulation abnormalities. In bone homeostasis, FGF2 inhibits the mineralization of bone marrow stromal cells and positively regulates osteoclastogenesis through the ERK-CREB signaling pathway. Additionally, FGF2 levels in mothers have been linked to anxiety and depressive symptoms in their children, suggesting an intergenerational pathway for these mental health conditions. Overall, FGF2 has diverse roles in the brain, immune system, bone homeostasis, and mental health, highlighting its importance in various physiological processes.

What is the function of hif2a?5 answersHIF2A, or hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha, plays a crucial role in oxygen sensing and adaptation to hypoxia. It is involved in regulating the expression of genes related to angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, and cancer signaling pathways. HIF2A mutations have been associated with various conditions, including erythrocytosis, thrombosis, vascular complications, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Studies have shown that HIF2A is essential for the growth and survival of oxygen-sensitive glomus cells in the carotid body, which are responsible for ventilatory responses to hypoxia. HIF2A mutations can result in a gain-of-function phenotype, leading to the stabilization and activation of HIF2A protein, as well as the upregulation of its target genes. Overall, HIF2A plays a critical role in oxygen homeostasis, angiogenesis, and the development and progression of certain diseases, making it an important therapeutic target for various conditions associated with hypoxia signaling.

See what other people are reading

Can non-thermal plasma be used as a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to traditional plant growth methods?

Non-thermal plasma shows promise as a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative for plant growth enhancement. Research indicates that non-thermal plasma treatments can positively impact plant growth parameters by activating defense pathways in seeds. Additionally, plasma technology offers solutions for environmental and health challenges, including improving crop yield and food security. Cold plasma, in particular, can influence the production of organic bio-stimulants, potentially offering a modern alternative to conventional agriculture by stimulating crop growth and eliminating threats to the environment. Despite challenges like standardization issues, non-thermal plasma's applications in agriculture, waste management, and material modification demonstrate its potential to revolutionize traditional plant growth methods in a sustainable and environmentally friendly manner.What is interoceptive processing?

Interoceptive processing involves the physiological and cognitive mechanisms responsible for sensing, interpreting, and integrating internal bodily signals. It goes beyond just visceral signals, encompassing perceptions of bodily states that contribute to constructing a subjective experience. Interoception plays a crucial role in cognition, emotion, and maintaining homeostasis by allowing individuals to respond adaptively to internal and external changes. Research focuses on interventions targeting interoceptive channels like respiration and cardioception to understand the underlying psychophysiology and its implications for mental disorders. Additionally, the development of interoceptive processing in infants is influenced by early dyadic interactions, particularly during feeding interactions, shaping their ability to distinguish between self and other internal sensations. Understanding interoceptive processing is essential for assessing emotional experiences, consciousness, and decision-making.What is the connection between c-oryzanol and cholesterol?

γ-oryzanol, a compound found in rice bran, has been extensively studied for its beneficial effects on cholesterol levels. Research indicates that γ-oryzanol contributes to lowering cholesterol through various mechanisms. It has been shown to form stable liquid crystalline phases with cholesterol, affecting its solubility and potentially impacting absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Additionally, γ-oryzanol has been associated with ameliorating insulin activity, cholesterol metabolism, and chronic inflammation, all of which are crucial factors in managing cholesterol levels. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated that γ-oryzanol can modulate genes involved in prostate cancer, a condition linked to cholesterol dysregulation. Overall, γ-oryzanol's multifaceted properties make it a promising compound for cholesterol management and related health conditions.Is rusty associated with LGBTQIA people?

Rust, particularly in the context of a garden at Dungeness, as portrayed by Derek Jarman, can be associated with LGBTQIA individuals. The garden, haunted by various elements including the containment building of nuclear fission, symbolizes a constructive relationship with the environment, challenging negative queer stereotypes. Additionally, LGBTQ individuals, particularly in Pentecostal congregations, are redefining their identities within religious settings, seeking acceptance and normalcy. Furthermore, there is a lack of LGBTQ-specific training in radiation oncology residency programs, highlighting the underserved nature of this community in healthcare settings. These instances showcase how LGBTQIA individuals navigate various spaces and contexts, including nature, religion, and healthcare, reflecting the diverse experiences and challenges they encounter.What are the different scope between combustion, gas-phase, plasma synthesis ?

Combustion, gas-phase, and plasma synthesis represent distinct methodologies in the production of materials, each with its unique mechanisms and applications. Combustion synthesis involves exothermic reactions between reactants to produce high-temperature materials, often leveraging self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) for the efficient creation of ceramics and intermetallic compounds. This method is particularly noted for its application in creating nonoxide refractory solids and advanced ceramics, highlighting the challenge of controlling powder particle size and microstructure during synthesis. Gas-phase synthesis, on the other hand, is characterized by reactions occurring within a gaseous medium, often within a sealed reactor using a heat source such as a DC plasma arc. This technique is utilized for synthesizing nanomaterials, such as high-purity nanometer-level titanium carbide (TiC) powder, by controlling the reactor's temperature and the reactants' flow. The process emphasizes the importance of quenching and fine-tuning the reaction conditions to achieve desired material properties. Plasma synthesis, distinct from the other two, employs plasma—a state of matter consisting of ionized gases—to facilitate chemical reactions. This method is advantageous for synthesizing silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs) due to the unique control over particle morphology and chemistry that plasma environments offer. Plasma synthesis is versatile, supporting the creation of materials for solar cells, lithium-ion batteries, and even for applications in water splitting and thermoelectrics. The technique benefits from the ability of plasma to provide high electron temperature and density, enabling selective chemical processes that are crucial for material synthesis. Each synthesis method has its scope and applications, from combustion synthesis's utility in creating advanced ceramics and refractories, gas-phase synthesis's role in producing nanomaterials with controlled properties, to plasma synthesis's versatility in fabricating nanoparticles for technological applications. The choice of method depends on the specific material properties desired and the application at hand.Is ther other theory related to exploitation-exploiration balance rather than ambidexterity?

While ambidexterity is a well-known theory related to balancing exploitation and exploration, another theory called "proportional balance" has been proposed in the context of IT resources management. This theory suggests that firms do not necessarily need to maintain a perfect balance between exploitation and exploration but should instead focus on achieving a proportional balance based on their resource allocation for optimal organizational agility. Additionally, a study in the field of multi-agent learning introduces a smooth analogue of Q-learning to analyze exploration-exploitation dynamics, highlighting the importance of balancing game-rewards and exploration-costs for system performance. These theories offer alternative perspectives on how firms can effectively manage the trade-off between exploitation and exploration beyond traditional ambidexterity concepts.What is the Prevalence rates of Severe Acute Malnutrition among children in South Africa?

The prevalence rates of Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) among children in South Africa vary across different studies. In a study conducted in the Western Cape, it was found that 33% of children admitted with SAM had foreign-born parents, highlighting the vulnerability of this group with a significantly higher in-hospital mortality rate compared to children of South African parents. Another study in Johannesburg reported an 8.7% incidence of Refeeding Syndrome (RFS) in children with SAM, with specific biochemical abnormalities and clinical signs associated with RFS development. Additionally, a study in the Tshwane district found that only a third of children with SAM had normal anthropometry at hospital discharge, with a quarter still experiencing SAM, and a SAM incidence rate of 20 per 1000 person-months at three months post-discharge.What are the link between "the axiety in system" and "the situational awareness" ?

Situational awareness plays a crucial role in various systems, including healthcare, disaster response, and energy systems. In the context of anxiety within a system, understanding situational awareness becomes essential. For instance, in healthcare, monitoring patients through wearable sensors to detect emergencies enhances situational awareness. Similarly, in disaster response, successful multi-agency coordination relies on distributed situation awareness to optimize emergency response systems. Moreover, in energy systems, the coupling relationships among subsystems pose challenges to situation awareness, requiring innovative detection methods for effective system operation. Therefore, enhancing situational awareness within systems can help mitigate anxiety by providing a comprehensive understanding of the environment and facilitating proactive responses to potential threats or emergencies.What is the effect of lone pair electrons on chemical properties?

The presence of lone pair electrons significantly influences the chemical properties of materials. Lone pairs play a crucial role in structural transitions and electronic properties. They contribute to creating conditions favorable for ion transport, forming local dipoles, and inducing polar behavior in various materials. Additionally, the stereochemical activity of lone pairs affects the optical responses and nonlinear optical performance of materials, surpassing traditional organic molecules in some cases. Pressure-induced tuning of lone pair behavior can lead to anisotropic structural transitions and modulate optoelectronic properties, showcasing the dynamic role of lone pairs in material optimization. Overall, the presence and behavior of lone pair electrons are crucial in understanding and manipulating the chemical properties of diverse materials.How does genetic redundancy contribute to polygenic adaptation in Drosophila?

Genetic redundancy plays a crucial role in polygenic adaptation in Drosophila by facilitating the exploration of multiple genetic pathways to achieve phenotypic convergence. Experimental evolution studies with Drosophila populations exposed to new environments have revealed a polygenic architecture of adaptive traits with high genetic redundancy among beneficial alleles. This redundancy allows for the selection of multiple alternative genetic pathways, leading to convergent phenotypic responses such as fitness, metabolic rate, and fat content. Despite the presence of numerous selected alleles, each allele increases in frequency only in specific evolving replicates, highlighting the complexity and diversity of genetic responses in polygenic adaptation. The observed genetic redundancy underscores the importance of considering multiple genetic pathways in understanding and predicting evolutionary responses in Drosophila populations.What is independent component analysis in wastewater?

Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a method crucial in wastewater treatment processes for fault detection and diagnosis. ICA aims to decompose multivariate data into statistically independent components without losing information. In the context of wastewater treatment, Dynamic Independent Component Analysis (DICA) and Complex-Valued Slow Independent Component Analysis (CSICA) are proposed methods that utilize ICA to extract essential independent components related to incipient faults and complex behaviors. DICA applies ICA to time-lagged variables for fault detection, while CSICA extracts slow independent components capturing dynamic and non-Gaussian information for effective process monitoring. These ICA-based approaches enhance fault detection accuracy in wastewater treatment plants, outperforming conventional methods like Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN).