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Which is the least expensive protection for over current in low voltage system? 

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Furthermore, compared with traditional voltage protection, the proposed protection scheme extends the protection range to a considerable degree.
This paper presents an innovative method for an efficient characterization of relevant characteristics of nonlinear overvoltage protection elements in low-voltage applications.
This paper suggests that existing overvoltage protection practices and surge arrester characteristics are sufficient for reliable overvoltage protection in distribution and low-voltage systems.
This paper proposes a protection scheme which utilizes modern voltage-source converters as fast-acting current-limiting circuit breakers.
Based on the existing adaptive instantaneous overcurrent protection, this paper introduces a voltage acceleration factor, which improves the coordination between protection devices.
Being able to detect a fault under different current and voltage conditions make them a very strong candidate for achieving adaptive protection in power systems with high penetration of renewables.
Taking into account the increasing applications of current differential protection in the extremely high voltage or even ultra-high voltage transmission systems, the work performed in this paper is provided with better performance in the case of external faults and various high-resistance internal faults than the existing criterion.
For a reliable and efficient protection system, both transient and steady states of fault current contributions should be considered.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
P. Kadurek, J.F.G. Cobben, WL Wil Kling 
19 Jun 2011
14 Citations
Therefore, this article proposes a new overloading protection scheme applicable at low voltage level distribution networks to tackle this situation.
The proposed protection scheme is not dependent from fault current contribution of the units and takes into account and is selective with low-voltage-ride-through curves of the units.