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Why the increased temperature of feed solution in NF membrane could reduce sodium sulfate rejection?

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The increased temperature of the feed solution in a nanofiltration (NF) membrane could reduce sodium sulfate rejection due to the effect of temperature on the selectivity of the membrane. As temperature rises, the selectivity decreases, impacting the rejection of sodium sulfate over sodium chloride . This decrease in selectivity at higher temperatures can be mitigated by focusing on enhancing charge acquirement by the membrane. Additionally, the performance metrics of NF membranes, such as water recovery and salt retention, are known to change with temperature variations, with higher temperatures leading to diminished salt retention. The study of fractionation in NF systems highlights the importance of understanding how operating parameters like temperature influence the separation efficiency of different ions.

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Open access•Dissertation The influence of temperature on ion transport in nanofiltration membranes Yagnaseni Roy 01 Jan 2018	Increased temperature in NF membranes can reduce sodium sulfate rejection due to changes in membrane properties and mobilities, affecting selectivity between monovalent and multivalent ions.
Open access A framework to analyze sulfate versus chloride selectivity in nanofiltration Yagnaseni Roy, John H. Lienhard - Show less +1 more 01 Jan 2019 3 Citations	Increasing temperature in NF membranes can reduce sodium sulfate rejection due to changes in operating parameters like temperature and pressure, affecting the selectivity of sulfate versus chloride ions.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI A framework to analyze sulfate versus chloride selectivity in nanofiltration Yagnaseni Roy, John H. Lienhard - Show less +1 more 28 Feb 2019 11 Citations	Increased temperature in NF membranes can reduce sodium sulfate rejection due to the need for higher negative membrane charge at higher temperatures for effective sulfate-chloride fractionation.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI The effect of temperature and salt concentration on salt rejection and permeate flux of a vacuum membrane distill ation unit using flat sheet membrane Adel Fayez Gaid, Minerva Edward, Khaled Zaher Abdallah, Heba Abdallah - Show less +3 more 01 Jul 2018	Increasing the temperature of the feed solution in NF membrane can reduce sodium sulfate rejection due to an increase in permeate flux, as shown in the study on VMD.
Journal Article•DOI Appraising Influences of Temperature and Concentration on High Rejection Nanofiltration and Their Application in Saline Water Ahmed Mohamed Fathi, Ayman S. Al-Hussaini, Mohamed Abd-Elwahab Swidan, Aly K. Daif - Show less +3 more 08 Jun 2021 2 Citations	The increased temperature of the feed solution in NF membrane can reduce sodium sulfate rejection due to the observed decrease in salt rejection with increasing feed temperature in the study.

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