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(2) As troublesome as traditional, drug-based doping has long been, the emergence of gene doping is seen by some to represent an ominous new opportunity in cheating technology.
Open accessJournal ArticleDOI
Bengt Kayser, Alexandre Mauron, Andy Miah 
29 Mar 2007-BMC Medical Ethics
203 Citations
Finally, we argue that the involvement of the medical profession in doping and anti-doping challenges the principles of non-maleficience and of privacy protection.
The paper emphasizes the idea that in order to avoid present-minded moralizing research on doping history we should consider doping as a socially constructed phenomenon.
Taken together these findings paint a worrying picture of the state of coaches’ knowledge of doping and their commitment to anti-doping education and awareness.
The increased global effort to address doping is welcome.
The results may provide a contribution for further research on doping as well as for policymakers in the fight against doping in sport (both medical and financial).
The findings indicate that the ban from sport deters doping.
Doping knowledge was poor and biased, and its relationship with drug use deserves consideration.
While evidence suggests that the incident did prove something of a catalyst for firming up anti-doping policy, it will be shown here that the oft-repeated claim that Jensen's death was doping-related is in fact unfounded.
Due to numerous structural similarities between the policy of anti-doping and UEFA’s intended policy to fight financial doping, in particular the latter may learn from former experiences.
Incorporating a novel mode of knowledge production within the doping literature, the stories presented here demonstrate elite athletes' candid accounts of being impacted by others’ doping behaviours in sport.
The coaches’ role frame supported an anti-doping stance, but, it also presented a risk and was insufficient to ensure action.
These hypothetical, theoretical and methodological considerations offer a more nuanced understanding of doping behaviours, making an effective contribution to anti-doping education and research by enabling researchers and policy personnel to become more critically reflective about their explicit and implicit assumptions regarding models of explanations for doping behaviour.
Because a firm theoretical or empirical understanding of doping does not exist, this article proposes a conceptual, comprehensive, and innovative systemic model of doping behavior.