Showing papers on "Ammonium hydroxide published in 1973"

Transformation and movement of band-applied urea, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium hydroxide during incubation in several manitoba soils

Abstract: The transformation, effect on soil pH, and movement of nitrogen from banded fertilizer materials (urea, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium hydroxide) were studied in three Manitoba soils of different initial pH values. The greatest effect on soil pH took place near the fertilizer zone but the magnitude of pH change varied greatly depending on soil characteristics and on the fertilizer material added. The oxidation of ammonium nitrogen was inhibited near the zone of fertilizer application during the early stage of incubation in all soils. The oxidation of ammonium form of nitrogen was found to be very slow in the acidic Keld soil (pH 5.4), irrespective of the carriers. The majority of applied nitrogen stayed near the zone of application as the ammonium form even after 8 wk. With the neutral Wellwood soil (pH 6.6), the oxidation of the ammonium form of nitrogen was rapid with a high production or accumulation, or both, of nitrite during incubation when urea or ammonium hydroxide were the nitrogen carriers. The ...

Method of selectively producing high pore volume silica gel

Abstract: High pore volume silica materials are useful as thickening, reinforcing and flatting agents This invention comprises selectively forming silica gels having pore volumes in the range of 12 to 30 cc/g These high pore volume silica gels can be produced by the alkaline gelation of a mixture of silicate and ammonium hydroxide at a pH of from 106 to 112, using a water soluble silica desolubilizing agent selected from the group consisting of ammonia, monohydric alcohols, glycols, ketones and salts The silica is then aged, neutralized, optionally aged a second time, filtered and washed This silica may then be dried and directly used, or it may be milled to a smaller size For use as a thickening agent, the silica is milled in a fluid energy mill to an average particle size of less than about 1 micron, and preferably to less than 05 micron

Method of etching copper and copper alloys

Abstract: A method of etching copper and copper alloys by means of an ammoniacal etching solution containing chloride ions and for regenerating this etching solution during this etching process by adding an ammoniacal compound, for example, in the form of ammonium hydroxide or ammonia gas, as well as hydrochloric acid and water to the etching solution in accordance with continuous measurements of the pH-value and the specific gravity of the etching solution.

Preparation of macroporous, heat-stable titania having high pore volume

Abstract: There is provided heat-stable, macroporous titania having high pore volumes and a process for preparing the same by feeding two separate streams of titanic sulfate and ammonium hydroxide solutions or their equivalents to a rapidly stirred ''''heel'''' of water while adjusting the proportions of titanic sulfate and ammonium hydroxide so as to maintain a constant pH in the water ''''heel'''' in the range from about 4.0 to about 8. There is then recovered by decantation, filtration or other suitable means a hydrous, macroporous titania precipitate which is next washed free of sulfate ions, then oven dried or spray dried to remove the excess water and, finally, calcined at temperatures up to 900*C.

Cyclic process for re-use of waste water generated during the production of UO2

Abstract: Waste water containing large amounts of fluorides and ammonia and trace amounts of uranium, as is produced during the hydrolysis and ammonium hydroxide treatment of uranium hexafluoride (UF 6 ) to produce ammonium diuranate (ADU) therefrom, is rendered suitable for cyclic reuse by initially treating the waste water with sufficient lime to precipitate substantially all of the fluorides present in the waste water to a relatively insoluble CaF 2 precipitate, the treated solution is subjected to distillation to drive off ammonia for reuse in the ADU precipitation, the CaF 2 precipitate is separated from the aqueous distilland leaving water with dissolved calcium, the distilland is treated by a cationic ion-exchange material to remove substantially all of the calcium and other cationic metal impurities and the resulting water containing small amounts of uranium, fluoride and ammonia is recycled to react with UF 6 or to be combined with the ammonium hydroxide distillate and then treated with additional concentrated ammonium hydroxide to form a solution of the desired NH 3 content for use in precipitating ADU. This recycling is most important for ecological reasons, and for cost improvement, as well as health and safety purposes.

Process of regenerating a noble metal hydrogenation catalyst used in hydrogen peroxide production by the anthraquinone process

Abstract: This invention describes a process for regenerating deactivated noble metal hydrogenation catalysts to restore their catalytic activity The process involves contacting a deactivated noble metal hydrogenation catalyst with a polar organic solvent, then contacting the solvent-treated catalyst with an aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution followed by contacting the ammonium hydroxidetreated catalyst with steam and an oxygen-containing gas at temperatures from about 250*C to the transition temperature of the catalyst crystal structure whereby the catalytic activity of the catalyst is substantially improved

Method of preparing purified phosphates from impure phosphoric acid

Abstract: Embodiment No. 1-Purified alkali metal or ammonium orthophosphates are prepared by adding melamine to impure wetprocess phosphoric acid to form crystals of insoluble melamine orthophosphate which are separated from the mother liquor and caused to react with an aqueous solution of alkali metal or ammonium hydroxide or a salt thereof with an unstable volatile anion which is evolved as a gas from the solution, thereby forming crystals of melamine for recycle and a solution of the desired purified orthophosphate. Embodiment No. 2-Alkali metal or ammonium pyrophosphates are prepared by heating melamine orthophosphate (prepared as for example in embodiment No. 1 supra) at 200* to 300*C to convert it to melamine pyrophosphate and allowing it to react with an aqueous solution of alkali metal or ammonium hydroxide or a salt thereof containing an unstable volatile anion which is evolved as a gas from the solution, thereby forming crystals of melamine for recycle and a solution of the desired pyrophosphate. Relatively pure pyrophosphates are obtained from impure wet-process orthophosphoric acid.

Preparations containing fat-soluble vitamins in dry, particulate, free-flowing form dispersible in cold water and method of producing such preparations

Abstract: When producing preparations of fat-soluble vitamins in which the vitamins are dispersed into gelatinous particles by the known processes for this purpose, the gelatine used is partially decomposed by treatment for 0.1 - 2 hours with 0.05 to 0.5 g. equivalent of hydrochloric or sulphuric acid or sodium or ammonium hydroxide per 100 g of gelatine; the so treated product is neutralized with the same bases or acids as the case may be, and the vitamin is dispersed therein, to form particles of 1-5 mu diameter. The gelatine is divided to particles 50-400 mu in diameter and produced in particulate form in known manner. Because of the pre-treatment of the gelatine, the finished and dried product is cold water-soluble even at 0 DEG -7 DEG C.

Influence of Ammonium Hydroxide Treatment on the Texture of Silica Gel

Abstract: The texture of silica gel was modified considerably by soaking in aqueovis ammonium hydroxide solutions. Immersion was carried out at pH values of 9, 10, 11 and 12, and at temperatures of 50—85 °C. Invariably a decrease in surface area, and an increase in primary particle size and mean pore radius resulted from immersion for longer durations, at higher temperatures, or in higher pH solutions. Hydrothermal treatment, in aqueous NH4OH at pH 10 and 11, and at 150°C, resulted in drastic changes in surface area, particle diameter, and mean pore radius. In all cases, a very small increase in the total pore volume was brought about by the aqueous treatment. The results are explained in the light of the solubility and surface structure of silica gel. Large modifications at higher pH values and/or high temperatures are attributed to the enhanced solubility of silica gel due to the formation of polysilicic ions in solution, and their subsequent condensation.

Process for the preparation of a supported iridium catalyst

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a supported iridium catalyst by the contacting of, for example, an alumina support with a liquid medium containing a compound of iridium while maintaining the iridium-containing liquid medium at a pH of from 3 to 6 with an ammonium hydroxide or lower alkyl amine base. The catalyst is particularly useful in a reforming process.

The Continuous Foam Fractionation of Phenol

Abstract: The continuous foam fractionation of phenol using a quaternary ammonium salt, ethylhexadecyldimethylammonium bromide, has been investigated. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of pH and percentage reflux on the phenol removal. It was found that approximately 80% removal of phenol was obtained at a pH of 11.9 with 70% reflux. Poor removal occurred in the slightly basic region of 8.0 to 10.0; while adequate removal was obtained with no pH adjustment. Maximum removal occurred at 70 to 80% reflux. Sodium hydroxide was used to adjust the pH in most cases. Although similar effects were found using ammonium hydroxide, the percent removal of phenol was, in general, lower.

Composition and method for stripping nickel, zinc and cadmium from substrates of iron and copper

Abstract: A composition for selectively stripping a coating of nickel, cadmium and zinc from a workpiece providing a substrate surface of iron, copper and alloys thereof comprises an aqueous solution of a water-soluble nitrobenzoic acid compound, a water-soluble carbonate compound, a water-soluble thiosulfuric acid compound, a water-soluble dithiocarbamate compound and ammonium hydroxide in a quantity sufficient to provide a pH of about 8.5 to 10.7. A process utilizing the stripper composition is operable at ambient to elevated temperatures and provides a desirable balance of rapidity and uniformity of stripping rate.

Chemical nickel plating

Abstract: A process for the chemical nickel plating of catalytic materials wherein the plating bath utilized in the process consists of an aqueous solution containing nickel cations and a low concentration of hypophosphite ion together with a series of additives which include fluorides, succinates, a lead salt, lactic acid, boric acid, and a complexing and wetting agent such as an alkylphenoxy(ethyleneoxy)ethanol and wherein the bath is adjusted to pH 5-5.5 with ammonium hydroxide and is operated at a temperature of 75*-85*C. The invention also includes a method for preventing the deposit of nickel on heating and containing equipment which consists of connecting the equipment anodically to a small direct current.

An improved method for the preparation of isomeric , -diaminopimelic acid from glutaraldehyde.

Abstract: An aqueous solution of glutaraldehyde was reacted with a mixture of sodium cyanide and ammonium chloride giving a high yield of 2,6-dicyanopiperidine. Refluxing of this compound with a mixture of ammonium hydroxide and ammonium bicarbonate produced 5,5′-trimetbylene dihydantoin, which on acid hydrolysis gave α,e-diaminopimelic acid.

Hydro-metallurgical preparation of the oxides of antimony and antimonic acid

Abstract: Oxides of antimony are obtained from stibnite by first extracting stibnite from stibnite bearing ore or ore concentrate using an aqueous solution containing ammonium sulfide, sulfur and preferably ammonium hydroxide to form a solution containing stibnite and gangue. The stibnite containing solution is then separated from the gangue and distilled to recover ammonium sulfide and ammonium hydroxide leaving a residue of purified antimony sulfide and sulfur which is reacted in a nitric acid solution to form oxides of antimony including antimonic acid and sulfur which precipitates. The sulfur is leached from the oxides of antimony and the oxides dried or heated to elevated temperatures to convert the other oxides of antimony or reacted to form antimony metal.

Composition containing an aqueous solution of a mixed salt of an interpolymer of styrene/maleic anhydride/vinyl acetate

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a composition and method for sizing textiles which employs as the sizing agent a mixed salt comprising the reaction product of an interpolymer with a fixed alkali base and a fugitive alkali base; the latter subsequently being volatilized away during processing of the sized textile. The interpolymer comprises (a) 1.0 molar proportion of a maleic or fumaric acid or anhydride or partial ester, (b) from 0.1 to 3.0 molar proportion of a monovinylidene aromatic monomer and (c) from zero to a finite molar proportion of an alpha-olefin, a vinyl ester alpha-beta-ethylenically unsaturated nitrile, an acrylic or methacrylic ester or a vinyl alkyl ether. From 10 to 70% of the free carboxyl groups of the interpolymer are combined with fixed base, i.e., non-volatile amine or alkali metal base, and from 5 to 90% of said free carboxyl groups are combined with fugitive base, i.e., ammonia, ammonium hydroxide or volatile amine.

Method for the production of alpha alumina monohydrate

Abstract: Basic aluminum sulfate can be homogeneously precipitated from an aluminum sulfate solution by the in situ decomposition of an ammonia yielding compound within the aluminum sulfate solution. The preferred ammonia yielding compounds are urea, thiourea, biuret, guanidine and salts and derivatives thereof. Ammonium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or sodium aluminate is then added to the basic aluminum sulfate to yield an alpha alumina monohydrate of unique pore and extrusion characteristics.

Non-cyanide alkaline composition for dissolving non-ferrous metals

Abstract: Non-cyanide alkaline aqueous solutions for stripping non-ferrous metals, especially copper, from ferrous metal such as, for example, steel. The stripper solution comprises a water-soluble nitrate, a water-soluble compound of the formula wherein R represents a valence bond, -CH2-x WHEREIN X IS AN INTEGER OF 1 TO 2, WHEREIN Y IS AN INTEGER OF 1 TO 2, OR and M is a compatible, hydrophilic, i.e. water-loving or watersolibilizing, cation, a water-soluble persulfate, a water-soluble urea compound, and ammonium hydroxide. Brass, cadmium and zinc can also be stripped from steel by the stripper or dissolving solutions herein.

Apparatus for measuring the dissociation ratio of ammonia

Abstract: An instrument for measuring the ammonia dissociation ratio using a conductometric method based on the hydrolysis of undissociated ammonia in a constant gas volume. The disclosed apparatus has a transducer cell with two vertical electrodes, with gas and water inlets and outlets with electromagnetic valves controlling such inlets and outlets. The electrodes are connected to an AC supply and a current measuring instrument of the measuring circuit. The intensity of current flow between the electrodes will depend only on the height of ammonium hydroxide column resulting from the hydrolysis of ammonia, and is measured or recorded by common instruments. The apparatus may be employed to control the ammonia dissociation ratio by a suitable feedback method.

An Improved Method for the PreparaGon of Isomeric a,t-Diaminopimelic Acid from Glutaraldehyde'

Abstract: ROY, W. B., and KAWEE, M. An improved method for the preparation of isomeric ape-diarninopimelic acid from glutaraldehyde. Cam. J. Biochem. 51,942-943 ( 1973). An aqueous solution of glutaraldehyde was reacted with a mixture of sodium cyanide and ammonium chloride giving a high yield of 2,6-dicyanopiperidim. Refluxing of this compound with a mixture sf ammonium hydroxide and ammonium bicarbonate produced 5,s'-trimethylene dihydantoin, which on acid hydrolysis gave a, c -diaminopimelic acid.

Polarographic analysis based upon solvent extraction with methylisobutylketone

Abstract: Only few examples of direct polarographic determination of extracted materials in organic solvents are known as yet, because of the difficulty to find a soluble supporting electrolyte in such a solution. Methylisobutylketone (MIBK) containing small amounts of tetraethylammonium hydroxide was distilled using a column packed with helipack and then the distillate at 116°C was further purified by redistillation. The accessible potential range of this distillate in the presence of 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAP) was about +0.7-2.6 volt (vs. SCE). To determine Cu(II), add 5 ml of 30% ammonium citrate, 5 ml of 10% triethanolamine, 15 g of ammonium sulfate and 50 mg of tetraethylammoniumpyrrolidinedithiocarbamate. Adjust the pH to 9.5 with concentrated ammonium hydroxide and dilute to 50 ml with distilled water. Extract the solution with 25 ml of MIBK. Stay for 5 minutes and then add TBAP as the supporting electrolyte. Purge oxygen from the solution with highly purified nitrogen. From the first reduction wave height of Cu(II)pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate, Cu(II) in the range of 5 × 10-58× 10-4 M can be determined successfully. This method can be applied to the determination in ion pair complex system.

Empirical Acidity Functions for Strongly Basic Solutions in the Binary Solvent: Water-Dimethyl Sulfoxide

Abstract: Two acidity functions based upon selected nitroamines and aminocarboxylic acids as ionic indicators have been evaluated in the water dimethyl sulfoxide system. The solvent mole fraction range included was 0.0 to 0.45 in DMSO, and tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide was used as the strong base. The results provide evidence for the influence of the dielectric constant of the mixed solvent upon the activity coefficients of indicator species in accord with qualitative predictions of the DebybHuckel theory. Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., 76 (3), 1973.

Phthalic anhydride process

Abstract: In the process for removing phthalic anhydride and/or maleic anhydride from a waste or off-gas stream by passing the gas through a water scrubbing unit, the improvement which comprises the addition of ammonia or ammonium hydroxide to the water so as to neutralize the first acid group of the anhydride whereby the anhydride is rendered more water-soluble and plugging of the scrubber due to the precipitation or crystallization of the anhydride is avoided.

Desulfolanylation of N-sulfolanyl amino acids

Abstract: N-Sulfolanyl amino acids are cleaved at the C-N bond in ammonium hydroxide and aqueous solutions of amines to give the corresponding aminosulfolanes and amino acids.

Effect of the addition of boron compounds on hydrazine formation in the radiolysis of an aqueous solution of ammonia

Abstract: The effect of boron compound additives on hydrazine formation in the radiolysis of an aqueous solution of ammonia has been studied. Suitable boron compounds such as NH4BF4 and C2H5NH2BF3 were used as source of 10B(n, α)7 Li reaction. Ammonium hydroxide containing an additive was irradiated with thermal neutrons in the reactor KUR. When NH4BF4 was added to 15 M ammonium hydroxide, the yield of hydrazine depended on the boron concentration but did not depend on the irradiation time. On the other hand, hydrazine formed in the presence of C2H5NH2BF3 had a maximum value at about 5xl021eV/ml absorption dose. The characteristics of the added boron compounds are discussed with comparisons made between radiolysis incited by in-pile and 60Co γ irradiation. The effects of the additives are explained in terms of the hot atom effect of 10B(n, α)7Li reaction and the protecting effect of the resulting Lewis type acid, which inhibits the decomposition of hydrazine by scavenging the ·H and ·NH2 radicals.