Showing papers on "Animal welfare published in 1988"
65 citations
TL;DR: The diagnosis of "suffering" in behaviour-affected animals entails clinical judgement, and behavioural manifestations of suffering can be sub-divided into distress and depression as mentioned in this paper.Suffering is essentially the experience of negative feeling in the spectrum from pain, through malaise, to frustration.
58 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present situations in practical pig farming to which pigs cannot adapt to new environments and show that although there has been a great deal of research into farm animal behaviour in the last 30 years, the results of this research are in many instances still not being applied.
51 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the behavior of people handling livestock in both auctions and slaughter plants was studied to understand how management behavior affects employees' behavior in these two types of facilities and to gain a better understanding of how management behaviour affects employee behavior.
Abstract: Abuses of animals at auctions and slaughter plants occur often. Commonly observed abuses include the dragging of crippled animals, hitting, and excessive prodding of animals. In both auctions and slaughter plants, employees are under pressure to maintain a steady flow of animals to the auction ring or slaughter lines. In both types of facilities large numbers of animals must be moved rapidly. The purpose of this study was to determine the behavior of people handling livestock in these types of facilities. Observations of the behavior of slaughter plant managers were also made to gain a better understanding of how management behavior affects employee behavior.
42 citations
TL;DR: Although these results were negative, they recommend stronger tests of the stress-reducing effect of pet presence using larger clinically hypertensive samples and an own-control experimental design.
Abstract: This study tested directly the hypothesis that the mere presence of a person's pet dog produces health benefits by reducing cardiovascular arousal-induced stress. We administered mental arithmetic ...
36 citations
22 citations
TL;DR: Of the child's behavioral and verbal patterns, touching behavior is the most frequent, and the age of the child appears to be the most di...
Abstract: We report in this paper data from research carried out in two fields: 1. the study of the characteristics and mechanisms of the spontaneous child-dog interactions and communications in a familiar setting, home and immediate surroundings, for both individuals, and 2. an experimental analysis of the sensory characteristics that regulate child-dog interactions. The main results can be summarized as follows:1. Of the child's behavioral and verbal patterns, touching behavior is the most frequent.2. The frequency of the child's touching behavior as compared to non-touching behavior is significantly different when the child is in front of or behind the dog's head.3. Only 43% of the child's behaviors are followed by an observable modification in the dog. The dog reacts aggressively to the child's behavior in fewer than 4% of the observations.4. Forty-eight percent of the dog's behaviors are not followed by an observable modification in the child's behavior.5. The age of the child appears to be the most di...
19 citations
TL;DR: Following the introduction of a new stallion to a band of E. przewalskii mares two births resulted in foal death due to injuries sustained in the first day of life, one of which was an observed attack on the newborn male and is described here.
18 citations
Book•
01 Apr 1988
TL;DR: To break the boredom in reading is choosing euthanasia of the companion animal the impact on owners veterinarians and society as the reading material.
Abstract: Introducing a new hobby for other people may inspire them to join with you. Reading, as one of mutual hobby, is considered as the very easy hobby to do. But, many people are not interested in this hobby. Why? Boring is the reason of why. However, this feel actually can deal with the book and time of you reading. Yeah, one that we will refer to break the boredom in reading is choosing euthanasia of the companion animal the impact on owners veterinarians and society as the reading material.
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of what is known of the joint history of man and his farm animals shows that no other definable and limited period during the latest 10, 000 years is characterized by such drastic changes in farm animal phenotypes and farm animal environments, including management, as the period since the 1950's.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Applied animal behavior is a rapidly growing discipline in the field of clinical veterinary medicine and it is critical that practising veterinarians have a working knowledge of companion animal behavior.
Abstract: Applied animal behavior is a rapidly growing discipline in the field of clinical veterinary medicine. It is critical that practising veterinarians have a working knowledge of companion animal behavior.
TL;DR: This essay is an analysis of the intermediate reform positions and their underlying ethical principles.
Abstract: Much of the public debate over laboratory animal use has focused on either the scientist's demand for absolute freedom of inquiry, or the abolitionist's demand for an end to animal use in science. Yet many recent proposals for reform seek instead to balance the interests of laboratory animals in avoiding harm against the interests of research beneficiaries in continued animal use. This essay is an analysis of the intermediate reform positions and their underlying ethical principles.
TL;DR: Scientists need to explain the worth of animal research and expose the fallacies in the animal rightists' arguments as one of the means to help diminish the threat to science.
Abstract: Arguments for animal "rights" confuse the issue of what rights are about and, in the context of the care of laboratory animals, are misleading. Only human beings have rights and they should be cherished and extended. Consideration of the welfare of animals is important, but the context is that it is for the benefit of human beings and the animals serving humanity. Scientists need to explain the worth of animal research, particularly in regard to psychological studies. They also need to expose the fallacies in the animal rightists' arguments as one of the means to help diminish the threat to science.
TL;DR: The Bio-Ethics Symposium as mentioned in this paper was the first gathering of humanitarians committed to this particular problem of bio-ethics, which was held at Tufts University in Boston.
Journal Article•
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: The biologist can no longer ignore the activist allegations of inhumane animal practices and must become active vocal proponents of the benefits of what the authors are doing and that they are caring people who practice the highest standards of animal welfare.
Abstract: Author(s): Brooks, Dale L | Abstract: Many animal rights activists are very vocal in their belief that animals are more valuable or at least equally important to humans There is little to no compromise in their overall view that the use of animals for food, fiber, teaching, research and testing does not result in improvements for other animals or societal needs Today's activists are well prepared and very articulate in getting their views across to the public through the press and television media An increasing number of the public is beginning to believe the activist allegations of inhumane animal practices The biologist can no longer ignore these allegations: each of us must become active vocal proponents of the benefits of what we are doing and that we are caring people who practice the highest standards of animal welfare
TL;DR: Activists promoting humane policies are having an impact on animal agriculture in the United States and basic and applied research on farm animal welfare should be supported by all to engender the highest possible level of well-being in farm animals.
TL;DR: The Public Health Service and the USDA now require animal welfare training programs, and three questions must be answered: Who?
Abstract: The Public Health Service and the USDA now require animal welfare training programs. In planning an animal welfare training program, three questions must be answered: Who? What? and How? An analysis of the groups and individuals required to participate can provide information for eventual course development. The determination of what is to be taught can occur only after an evaluation of existing programs, animal testing activities, and audits. The use of educational objectives can provide the basis for developing a course syllabus.
TL;DR: Guiding principles for the Planning and Performance of Animal Experiments and the Formulation of Licence Applications, and Principles for the Maintenance of Monkeys in animal Experiments are released.
Abstract: In Switzerland experiments with animals are controlled by an Animal Protection Law (Tierschutzgesetz, TschG, 9 March 1978) and an Animal Protection Decree (Tierschutzverordnung, TschV, 27 May 1981) supplemented by various guidelines (Goetschel 1987). The Law was issued in 1978, the Decree in 1981. Together they were enforced in summer 1981. Among the guidelines are: refusal of a Licence Application for Animal Experiments (15 February 1984), Guiding Principles for the Planning and Performance of Animal Experiments and the Formulation of Licence Applications (20 February 1984), Reviewing of Licence Applications for Animal Experiments of Research Projects of the National Research Funds (10 December 1985), and Principles for the Maintenance of Monkeys in Animal Experiments (28 January 1985). Further guidelines are under review for future release. The legislation is under the direction of the section animal protection of the Federal Department of Veterinary Affairs directed by a chief officer. At his ...
TL;DR: A certification or registration program for attending veterinarians is being developed with the American Veterinary Medical Association, and a training and reference manual is to be prepared.
Abstract: Our increased knowledge of animals has led to an increased awareness and respect for animal life and a change in our ethical values. The Animal Welfare Act balances the importance and value of animal use and required education for those using animals. This knowledge of animals is just as important as the ability to use modern instrumentation for the validity of research and the future and vigor of the scientific enterprise. Training involves the teaching of skills, whereas education also includes broadening one's knowledge base and changing attitudes. Changing attitudes will be required, and the most effective means of accomplishing this is through human modeling. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) will provide a general map of the program but not the details. A certification or registration program for attending veterinarians is being developed with the American Veterinary Medical Association, and a training and reference manual is to be prepared.
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TL;DR: Rats and mice, which make up the vast majority of experimental animals, have been declared by the Secretary of Agriculture "not to be animals" with respect to this legislation and receive no protection whatsoever from these laws.
Abstract: To the Editor.— AsAs a physician, I would like to respond to the article entitled "Animals in Research" by Drs Smith and Hendee. 1 It was addressed to American physicians and scientists, urging them "to assume a primary role in defending the use of animals for biomedical research." Unfortunately, the article contains a number of misleading statements and omissions of significant facts. For example, it states that "the public has insisted on assurance that animals are treated humanely.... The Animal Welfare Act and its amendments as well as Public Health Service policy and regulations put the weight of the law behind such assurances." Rats and mice, which make up the vast majority of experimental animals, have been declared by the Secretary of Agriculture "not to be animals" with respect to this legislation and receive no protection whatsoever from these laws. Horses, cattle, chickens, and many others are also excluded. Under