Showing papers on "Applied science published in 1982"

The Academic-Industrial Complex

Abstract: An overview is presented of the growing trend toward industrial investment in scientific research at universities throughout the United States. Examples of various types of collaborative arrangements are cited, and the potential ethical and social implications of this collaboration are considered.

Physics for Science and Engineering

Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The mission of Physics I for Science and Engineering is to spark interest in the eyes of students, to have students question and analyze the world around them, to have students think, and for the class to be an experience far deeper than just a series of meetings and deadlines. At a more pragmatic level, Physics I for Science and Engineering will help the student prepare for a career in any field(s) where science is an essential component. The successful student will be able to envision how the course topics apply to situations in the everyday world as well as in technical settings-not only in conceptualization but also in proficient problem solving using calculus.

Considerations of some key concepts in fundamental Materials Science

Abstract: For years now Materials Science has been recognized as a specific scientific speciality Does the Science which consists in preparing materials and in studying their properties possess its own basic foundations or, on the contrary, is its fundamental part only constituted by concepts from other scientific fields such as solid state physics, mechanics, electricity, crystallography, etc It is the author's opinion that some particular key concepts such as “processing”, “non-equilibrium and evolution”, for instance, are specific to the Materials Science field and that a better definition of their content and of their mutual action may lead to a “global view” of Materials Science An attempt is made here to look at and define such concepts and to initiate discussion and, above all, controversies

Prescribing Effective Human Problem-Solving Processes: Problem Description in Physics. Working Paper ES-19.

Abstract: We formulate a theoretical model specifying the underlying knowledge and procedures whereby human problem solvers can generate useful initial descriptions of scientific problems. This model is prescriptive, that is, it does not necessarily try to simulate the behavior of actual experts nor assume that their performance is optimal. To test such a model, formulated for the domain of mechanics, we devised a carefully controlled experiment where human subjects were induced to act in accordance with specified alternative models and where their resulting performance was observed in detail. The results show that the proposed model is sufficient to generate excellent problem descriptions, that these markedly improve subsequent problem solutions, and that major components of the model are necessary for good performance. Furthermore, detailed analysis of the data shows how the model predictably prevents the occurrence of many common errors. Such a validated prescriptive model provides a useful basis for teaching st...

Theory and Exemplar: What Can Science Philosophers Tell Science Teachers about Science?.

Abstract: Ideas of modern philosophy are presented in the hope taht debate will continue concerning the issue of "theoretical versus descriptive chemistry: Should one or the other prevail?"