Showing papers on "Architecture published in 1995"

White Walls, Designer Dresses: The Fashioning of Modern Architecture

Abstract: Mark Wigley offers an understanding of the historical avant-garde. He explores a feature of modern architecture - white walls. Although the white wall exemplifies the stripping away of the decorative masquerade costumes worn by 19th-century buildings, Wigley argues that modern buildings are not naked. The white wall is itself a form of clothing - the newly athletic body of the building, like that of its occupants, wears a new kind of garment and these garments are meant to match. Not only did almost all modern architects literally design dresses, Wigley points out, their arguments for a modern architecture were taken from the logic of clothing reform. Architecture was understood as a form of dress design. Wigley follows the trajectory of this key subtext by closely reading the statements and design of most of the protagonists, demonstrating that it renders modern architecture's relationship with the psychosexual economy of fashion much more ambiguous than the architects' endlessly repeated rejections of fashion would suggest. Indeed, Wigley asserts, the very intensity of these rejections is a symptom of how deeply they are embedded in the world of clothing. By drawing on arguments about the relationship between clothing and architecture first formulated in the middle of the 19th century, modern architects in fact presented a sophisticated theory of the surface, modernizing architecture by transforming the status of the surface. "White Walls, Designer Dresses" shows how this seemingly incidental clothing logic actually organizes the detailed design of the modern building, dictating a system of polychromy, understood as a multicoloured outfit. The familiar image of modern architecture as white turns out to be the effect of a historiographical tradition that has worked hard to suppress the colour of the surfaces of the buildings that it describes. Wigley analyzes this suppression in terms of the sexual logic that invariably accompanies discussions of clothing and colour, recovering those sensuously coloured surfaces and the extraordinary arguments about clothing that were used to defend them.

New Trends in Architectural Education: Designing the Design Studio

Abstract: This book presents a wide range of innovative concepts and practical ideas for teaching architectural design. It explores different aspects of studio teaching and what impact they have on the attitudes, skills, methods, and tools of architects. It offers a comparative analysis of contemporary trends that are committed to shaping and identifying studio objectives and processes. The book includes five chapters: 1) Introduction: Problems in the Practice of Architecture; 2) The Architect and Society; 3) Design Education and Studio Work in the Conventional Approach; 4) Revolutionary Concepts for Teaching Architectural Design - Design Studio Teaching Models; and 5) Expanding the Knowledge Base in the Architectural Design Studio.

Passing Strange and Wonderful: Aesthetics, Nature, and Culture

Abstract: Conventional wisdom suggests that aesthetic experiences - those moments when the senses come to life - are important only after more basic needs have been met. In this inspiring wealth of provocative ideas, Yi-Fu Tuan demonstrates that feeling and beauty are essential parts of life and society. The aesthetic is shown to be not merely one aspect of culture but its central core - both its driving force and its ultimate goal. Beginning with the individual and the physical world, the author's exploration progresses from the simple to the complex. Tuan starts by examining the building blocks of aesthetic experience - sight, hearing, smell, touch, taste - and gradually expands his analysis to include the most elaborate of human constructs, including art, architecture, literature, philosophy, music, and landscape. This leads him to the realm of politics, where he grapples with the fundamental question of the relationship between goodness and beauty, and of how the aesthetic can become a moral force within society. To guide the reader along this journey, the author describes how the aesthetic operates in four widely disparate cultures: Australian aboriginal, Chinese, medieval European, and modern American. Yi-Fu Tuan, one of our most influential and original thinkers, brilliantly conveys the profound fascination of multisensory reality, and in so doing enables us to make connections among even the most diffuse elements of our lives. While Tuan does not ignore human folly, Passing Strange and Wonderful is a celebration of the world around us, our experiences, and our creations.

Method and apparatus for defining and configuring modules of data objects and programs in a distributed computer system

Abstract: A distributed system modeler for modeling a distributed system architecture. The distributed system modeler includes logic for receiving interdependency information specifying interdependencies between a plurality of data objects and programs, logic for defining a plurality of modules, wherein each module of the plurality of modules represents a different grouping of a portion of the plurality of data objects and programs, logic for assigning the modules to nodes in a distributed system, and logic for assigning a distributed transfer methodology between modules in the distributed system. The distributed system modeler includes logic for generating impact analysis criteria defining a quality of said distributed system. The impact analysis criteria includes performance metrics, conflict metrics, data object or program availability metrics, and transaction consistency metrics. The distributed transfer methodology includes a distributed transaction methodology, a synchronous replication methodology, an asynchronous replication methodology, and a procedural replication methodology.

A Visual Dictionary of Architecture

Abstract: This book defines over 5,000 terms relating to architectural design, history, and technology It is the only dictionary that provides concise, accurate definitions illustrated with finely detailed, hand-rendered drawings, each executed in Mr Ching's signature style

Scalable distributed computing environment

Abstract: The present invention relates to disbributed computing systems and is more particularly directed to an architecture and implementation of a scalable distributed computing environment which facilitates communication between independently operating nodes on a single network or on interconnected networks, which may be either homogeneous or heterogeneous. The present invention is a dynamic, symmetrical, distributed, real-time, peer-to-peer system comprised of an arbitrary number of identical (semantically equivalent) instances, i.e., kernels, that together form a logical tree. The kernels exhibit unified and consistent behavior at run time through a self-configuring and self-maintaining logical view of the network. Each kernel resides at a network node that has one or more resources associated with it. The kernels dynamically locate one another in real-time to form and maintain a hierarchical structure that supports a virtually unlimited number of independently running kernels. The system maintains its logical view of the network and user-developed programmatic resources regardless of the number and combinations of transport protocols and underlying mix of physical topologies. The system's communications services utilize a dynamic context bridge to communicate between end nodes that may not share a common transport protocol stack, thereby allowing applications residing on different stacks to communicate with one another automatically and transparently.

Where there's a Will there's an agent

Abstract: This theoretical paper introduces a formal architecture that supports the integration of various A.I. technologies, including planning, to make an autonomous agent.

The Environmental Tradition: Studies in the architecture of environment

Abstract: Acknowledgements Forword by Robert Maxwell Introduction Part One: Theory The theoretical basis of comfort in 'selective' environments Building shape and energy use Types, norms and habit in environmental design Precedent and therory in the design of auditoria Objective knowledge and the art and science of architecture Space for services: the architectural dimension The language barrier Environment at the threshold The Cambridge School and the environmental tradition Part Two: Wallasey School: pioneer of solar design Netley Abbey Infants' school CEGB Building, Bristol Gateway Two, the Wiggins Teape building, Basingstoke St Mary's Hospital, Isle of Wright Cassa Rurale e Artigianale, Brendola Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre The Sainsbury wing, national gallery, London Artistic Achievements: the art museums of Louis I Kahn

Architecture as Metaphor: Language, Number, Money

Abstract: Part 1 Making: the will to architecture the status of form architecture and poetry the natural city structure and zero natural numbers. Part 2 Becoming: natural language money natural intelligence schismogenesis being the formalization of philosophy. Part 3 Teaching and selling: sollpsism the standpoint of teaching architecture as metaphor on rules society and community the linguistic turn and "cogito" selling merchant capital credit.

RM-ODP: The Architecture

Abstract: The Reference Model for Open Distributed Processing is a joint ISO/ITU Standard which provides a framework for the specification of large scale, heterogeneous distributed systems. It defines a set of five viewpoints concentrating on different parts of the distribution problem and a set of functions and transparency mechanisms which support distribution. The resulting framework is being populated by more detailed standards dealing with specific aspects of the construction and operation of distributed systems.

Nature and the Idea of a Man-Made World: An Investigation into the Evolutionary Roots of Form and Order in the Built Environment

Abstract: Part 1 The idea of a man-made world: search for a balanced world expressions of an ideal relationship with nature duality of man and nature our shifting idea of nature scientific objectivity and the humanistic's critique summary and comments on method. Part 2 Geometry and the primacy of dwelling: from a life in nature to living in a setting shaped by man architecture as a paradigm for order three houses in nature primacy of the house natural sources for the geometry of architecture the nature of man-made things the stamp of custom and convention summary - dwelling and the sources of order. Part 3 Nature and the sense of place: place and the formation of culture psychological and social importance of 'place' 'place' as concrete versus abstracts the Pantheon - a place as a metaphor for the cosmos Muuratsalo - settlement and founding a place in nature summary - nature and the sense of place. Part 4 Unity and the idea of harmony: the structure behind the myth harmony, idealism, and the quest for beauty structural analysis the quest for unity the Polis and the idea of s sustainable city scale and the problem of unity the Greek temple and the tree summary - unity and the idea of harmony. Part 5 Time and the evolution of things: time and place as related qualities of existence the evolution of things invention and discovery evolution and the nature of things seeking meaning in time imitation and an evolution for architecture the orders of architecture the analogy of language natural theories of architecture summary - time and the evolution of things. Part 6 Timelessness and the idea of the classical: the idea of classical western classical architecture - the rules classical language of the Sung dynasty building standards Sukiya architecture of Japan the Sufi tradition balancing the timeless and the temporal common law and the evolution of custom classical thought as the means rather than the end summary - the timeless and the idea of the classical. Part 7 Nature and the city: the transitory city of the present is the city natural? the city as a house time, place, and the world beyond summary - nature and the city.

Recognizers for extracting architectural features from source code

Abstract: Architectural representation can play a pivotal role throughout the life cycle of any software program. In particular, we are interested in the role it plays in the maintenance/evolution of legacy programs. During these phases, analysts often describe programs using architectural terminology (e.g., "interfaces", "interprocess communication", "layers", "objects"). Our research and development goals center on supporting such activities through architectural recovery tools that are based on reverse engineering technology. These tools start with existing source code and extract architecture-level descriptions. We have implemented a framework for architectural recovery and our experience leads us to several observations about the representational needs of a library that is populated with families of architecture recognition rules. This paper characterizes the kinds of recognizers we have developed and describes an approach for rule parameterization and retrieval.

Building Democracy: Community Architecture in the Inner Cities

Abstract: Foreword Part 1: The Historical Background Part 2: Practice Part 3: Theory, Debate and Prospect

A bibliography of published papers on dynamically reconfigurable architectures

Abstract: A dynamically reconfigurable architecture is a parallel computer architecture that supports a physical switching of communication patterns during a computation. Basically, the dynamically reconfigu...

Houses in Motion: The Genesis, History and Development of the Portable Building

Abstract: Foreword. Foreword to the First Edition. Introduction. Prehistoric and Traditional Portable Buildings. Non-Architectural Precedents. The Age of Invention: Technological Change Before 1900. Twentieth Century Innovators. Military Engineering. The Construction Industries. Contemporary Design. Shelter After Disaster. Prototypes and Predictions. The Image and Identity of Portable Architecture. Architecture and Change. Footnotes. Select Bibliography. Index.

Dynamic Courseware Generation: at the Cross Point of CAL, ITS and Authoring

Abstract: This paper presents a further development of our architecture for dynamic courseware generation which allows explicit representation of teaching expertise. The instructional course is generated automatically for a given teaching goal and can be dynamically changed according to specified teaching rules to suit better the student's individual progress and preferences. The architecture of the system is based on explicit representation of the structure of the domain concepts and relationships (what has to be taught) and the instructional tasks and methods (how to teach). The separate representation of the actual teaching materials allows better flexibility and individualisation, as well as easier updating and re-use of ready CAL materials. In this way our approach provides an alternative to traditional CAL-authoring. An implementation of this approach in a simple engineering domain has been done and an attempt for evaluation of the advantages for authoring is presented.

Atm Networks

Abstract: From the Book: Over the past decade ATM has become one of the most widely deployed transport technologies for communication networks. With its flexible architecture it is capable of providing the broad variety of transmission properties that modern multiservice networks require. New, advanced service offerings such as third generation (3G) telephony or DSL are built on ATM, expanding its reach from communication backbones out to millions of users. ATM is the most powerful communication transport mechanism, and it is the most complex one at the same time. This book was written to provide an in-depth understanding of all aspects of ATM, while serving as a single complete reference source. With this in mind, the reader should not expect an easy-to-read book. However, the reward for working through it will be an in-depth understanding of one of the most important and fascinating communication technologies today. Gregan Crawford, Edinburgh Othmar Kyas, Colorado Springs April 2002

Creating a strategic capabilities architecture

Abstract: A strategic capabilities architecture is the primary basis for a firm's sustainable competitive advantage. When managers think in terms of such an architecture, the creation of new information systems, training programs, capital projects, and management approaches becomes more focused and has greater impact.

Method and system for calling card validation hubbing

Abstract: Method and system for calling card validation hubbing provides a hubbed architecture for communicating validation messages relating to a calling card number to be validated between a telecommunications network which accepts a calling card call and the telecommunications network which issued the card. The hubbing system provides transport links and protocol translation between ANSI SS7, ITU CCS7 and X.25 for each telecommunications network which is attached. When an attached telecommunications network accepts a calling card call, an authorization request including calling card number is sent to the hubbing system, translated to the protocol used by the card issuing network and transported to the card issuing network for validation. Also communicated are request responses, which indicate success or failure of validation, and call disposition messages, which provide a timely estimate of call duration and charges.

Pilgrimage tourism and english cathedrals: The role of religion in travel

Abstract: Visiting cathedrals is one form of cultural tourism. The motivations of these visits are of worldly nature. Cultural heritage and architecture are the main points of attraction. However, on the spot visitors are usually touched by religious feelings.

Architecture of Tall Buildings

Abstract: The architectural design process building planning and user needs urban development and zoning residential tall buildings form and aesthetics of tall buildings psychological aspects of tall buildings integration of exterior skin design with structural elements design/construction automation environmental systems building materials and recent developments.

Building in France, Building in Iron, Building in Ferroconcrete

Abstract: This example of 20th-century architectural literature presents Siegfried Giedion's vision of architecture in the industrial era and his response to technological advances in the production of key building materials. The author shows how iron and reinforced concrete allowed the construction of buildings of unprecedented size and openness in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Focusing on the radical possibilities of skeletal support structures, he celebrates uses of these materials in buildings from the Eiffel Tower and the Crystal Palace to glass-canopied railroad stations, department stores, and exhibition halls.

The Other Tradition of Modern Architecture: The Uncompleted Project

Abstract: Prologue. THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT: WHAT WENT WRONG? The First Episode: The Battle of La Sarraz. The Second Episode: The Invention of International Style'. DOCTRINE. Classical Theory and the Aesthetic Fallacy. The Other Idea: Architecture as a Practical Art. FOUR CASE STUDIES. The Case Studies: The Town Hall, The Art Gallery, The Student Hall of Residence, The House. Postscript. Index. List of Illustrations.