Showing papers on "Arthrobacter published in 1982"
TL;DR: Actinomyces-like forms were the predominant obligate anaerobes and were approximately three times more numerous than clostridia and a curved Gram negative rod.
Abstract: The number of aerobic bacteria in a blanket peat decreased with depth from 26 times 106/g dry peat in the surface layers to 0.5 times 106/g dry peat at 30–40 cm down the profile, thereafter remaining roughly constant. Obligate psychrophiles comprised <2.5% of this population. Anaerobes were most numerous, 9 times 106/g dry peat at 6–10 cm depth, decreasing to 0.5 times 106/g at 20–30 cm. Calculations indicated that these counts, 103–104-fold lower than the direct counts, substantially underestimated the active microbial population. Gram negative rods, the predominant aerobes in the surface layers, were replaced by unidentified Bacillus strains at 10–20 cm depth but became increasingly more numerous further down the profile. The Gram negative rods were the most numerous organisms/m2 but the Bacillus strains, one third of which were present as spores, made the largest contribution to the biomass/m2. Gram positive cocci, Arthrobacter and, infrequently, Nocardia were also isolated. Actinomyces-like forms were the predominant obligate anaerobes and were approximately three times more numerous than clostridia and a curved Gram negative rod.
31 citations
26 citations
25 citations
TL;DR: A strain of Arthrobacter was isolated by enrichment culture with cyclohexaneacetate as the sole source of carbon and grew with a doubling time of 4.2 h, and constitutive beta-oxidative enzymes and enzymes of the proposed metabolic sequence were demonstrated in cell-free extracts.
Abstract: A strain of Arthrobacter was isolated by enrichment culture with cyclohexaneacetate as the sole source of carbon and grew with a doubling time of 4.2 h. In addition to growing with cyclohexaneacetate, the organism also grew with cyclohexanebutyrate at concentrations not above 0.05%, and with a variety of alicyclic ketones and alcohols. Oxidation of cyclohexaneacetate proceeded through formation of the coenzyme A (CoA) ester followed by initiation of a beta-oxidation cycle. beta-Oxidation was blocked before the second dehydrogenation step due to the formation of a tertiary alcohol, and the side chain was eliminated as acetyl-CoA by the action of (1-hydroxycyclohexan-1-yl)acetyl-CoA lyase. The cyclohexanone thus formed was degraded by a well-described route that involves ring-oxygen insertion by a biological Baeyer-Villiger oxygenase. All enzymes of the proposed metabolic sequence were demonstrated in cell-free extracts. Arthrobacter sp. strain CA1 synthesized constitutive beta-oxidative enzymes, but further induction of enzymes active toward cyclohexaneacetate and its metabolites could occur during growth with the alicyclic acid. Other enzymes of the sequence, (1-hydroxycyclohexan-1-yl)acetyl-CoA lyase and enzymes of cyclohexanone oxidation, were present at negligible levels in succinate-grown cells but induced by growth with cyclohexaneacetate. The oxidation of cyclohexanebutyrate was integrated into the pathway for cyclohexaneacetate oxidation by a single beta-oxidation cycle. Oxidation of the compound could be divided into two phases. Initial oxidation to (1-hydroxycyclohexan-1-yl)acetate could be catalyzed by constitutive enzymes, whereas the further degradation of (1-hydroxycyclohexan-1-yl)acetate was dependent on induced enzyme synthesis which could be inhibited by chloramphenicol with the consequent accumulation of cyclohexaneacetate and (1-hydroxycyclohexan-1-yl)acetate.
24 citations
TL;DR: The microbiological metabolism of warfarin was examined as a model of metabolism in higher organisms, including humans, and to determine the chirality of microbial reductases for application in organic synthesis.
Abstract: The microbiological metabolism of warfarin was examined as a model of metabolism in higher organisms, including humans, and to determine the chirality of microbial reductases for application in organic synthesis. Nineteen cultures were examined based on their reported abilities to reduce ketonic substrates, and several were shown to catalyze the desired reaction. Nocardia corallina (ATCC 19070) exhibited complete substrate and product stereoselectivity as it reduced S-warfarin to the corresponding S-alcohol. Arthrobacter species (ATCC 19140) exhibited marked substrate and complete product stereoselectivity since S-warfarin, and to a lesser extent R-warfarin, were reduced to the corresponding S-alcohols. These reductions parallel those reported to occur in mammalian species.
22 citations
TL;DR: Under heterotrophic conditions with fructose or gluconate as substrates neither colony formation on solid medium nor the growth rates in liquid media were drastically impaired by up to 100% oxygen, but autotrophic growth — with hydrogen, carbon dioxide and up to 80% oxygen in the gas atmosphere — was strongly depressed by high oxygen concentrations.
Abstract: Growth of various bacteria, especially aerobic hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria, in the presence of 2 to 100% (v/v) oxygen in the gas atmosphere was evaluated. The bacterial strains included Alcaligenes eutrophus, A. paradoxus, Aquaspirillum autotrophicum, Arthrobacter spec. strain 11X, Escherichia coli, Arthrobacter globiformis, Nocardia opaca, N. autotrophica, Paracoccus denitrificans, Pseudomonas facilis, P. putida, and Xanthobacter autotrophicus. Under heterotrophic conditions with fructose or gluconate as substrates neither colony formation on solid medium nor the growth rates in liquid media were drastically impaired by up to 100% oxygen. In contrast, autotrophic growth — with hydrogen, carbon dioxide and up to 80% oxygen in the gas atmosphere — was strongly depressed by high oxygen concentrations. However, only the growth rate, not the viability of the cells, was decreased. Growth retardation was accompanied by a decrease of hydrogenase activity.
15 citations
TL;DR: Lipid composition of three Arthrobacter strains (mesophilic, psychrotrophic, and psychrophilic strains) grown at their optimum growth temperature was studied.
Abstract: Lipid composition of three Arthrobacter strains (mesophilic, psychrotrophic, and psychrophilic strains) grown at their optimum growth temperature was studied. Great differences appeared only in the nature of their fatty acids: the psychrophilic strain synthesized less linear acids, C17 acids, and more iso isomers than the other two strains.Incubation of the three strains at temperatures below their optimum resulted in variations only in proportion of the different fatty acids: increase of the ratio of unsaturated, of branched, and of short-chain fatty acids.The relation between lipid composition and ability to grow at temperatures around 0 °C is discussed.
10 citations
TL;DR: A preferential isolation procedure was devised for Asp-Gp bacteria representing 26 subgroups of coryneform bacteria and Micrococcus which was far more efficient than the standard dilution-plate technique.
Abstract: A preferential isolation procedure was devised for asporogenous (Asp), Gram-positive (Gp), aerobic o r facultative anaerobic bacteria which included the genera Arthrobacter, Corynebacterium, Brevibacterium, Microbacterium, Mycobacterium, and Micrococcus (Asp-Gp bacteria). An antibiotics-mixture agar which contained 5 to 10 μg per ml of colistin, 10 to 20 μg per ml of nalidixic acid and 30 μg per ml of cycloheximide was used in the isolation. Using this technique 47 Asp-Gp bacteria representing 26 subgroups of coryneform bacteria and Micrococcus were isolated from 3 soil samples. The method was far more efficient than the standard dilution-plate technique. This preferential method is available to isolate Asp-Gp bacteria from a sample containing about 500-fold more of other Gram-positive and negative bacteria.
5 citations
TL;DR: The effectiveness of 13 N-acetylneuraminic acid derivatives as potential inducers of Arthrobacter sialophilus neuraminidase were examined, and 2,3-dehydro-N-acetelneuraminationic acid was the most effective inductive ligand.
Abstract: The effectiveness of 13 N-acetylneuraminic acid derivatives as potential inducers of Arthrobacter sialophilus neuraminidase were examined. N-Acetylneuraminic acid nitrogen and thioglycosides were not inducers, whereas 2,3-dehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid, a transition state analog for neuraminidases, was the most effective inductive ligand. The C-4 hydroxyl function of N-acetylneuraminic acid was essential for enzyme derepression.
4 citations
Patent•
15 Nov 1982
TL;DR: In this article, the enzyme is used for the determination of urea in the rate assay method and the enzyme has a 1.5 x 10 2 Km value. But it is not suitable for use in the measurement of Urea.
Abstract: Urease having 1 ~ 5 x 10 2 Km value is produced by culturing a microorganism of the genus Corynebactenum, Breivibacterium, Arthrobacter, Proteus, Microbacterium or Bordetella. The enzyme is useful for the determination of urea in the rate assay method.
3 citations
Patent•
26 Aug 1982
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a method for preparing the titled substance useful as a raw material of pharmaceuticals, in high yield, by culturing a microbial strain obtained by the mutagenic treatment of microorganisms belonging to Arthrobacter genus, in a medium containing a cholic acid salt.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To prepare the titled substance useful as a raw material of pharmaceuticals, in high yield, in a short time, by culturing a microbial strain obtained by the mutagenic treatment of microorganisms belonging to Arthrobacter genus, in a medium containing a cholic acid salt. CONSTITUTION:Arthrobacter CA-35 strain is subjected to the mutagenic treatment such as treatment with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, ultraviolet irradiation, etc. to obtain strains such as Arthrobacter CA-35-A589-29-32 (FERM-P No.5522), Arthrobacter CA-35-A589-47 (FERM-P No.5523), etc. The strain is cultured in a medium containing a carbon source, a nitrogen source, inorganic salts, etc. assimilable with the strain, and containing a cholic acid salt such as cholic acid alkali metal salt as a substrate. The titled substance can be separated from the cultured product by the removal of the cells, addition of hydrochloric acid, addition of ethyl acetate, etc.
Patent•
06 Dec 1982
TL;DR: In this article, a microbe strain of the Arthrobacter genus, filed in Peoria under number NRRL B-11,115, was used to produce cells containing the enzyme cholesterol oxidase.
Abstract: Cells containing the enzyme cholesterol oxidase are produced by cultivating under suitable conditions a microbe strain of the Arthrobacter genus, filed in Peoria under number NRRL B-11,115. The carbon sources used are n-paraffins and cholesterol.
TL;DR: The trial indicated that either Arthrobacter or closely related coryneform species could play a role in age gelation of ultrahigh-temperature-processed milk.
Abstract: Two strains of psychrotrophic, gram-positive, proteolytic bacteria isolated from raw milk were identified as Arthrobacter or closely related coryneform species. We inoculated raw-milk samples with the strains (one strain per sample) and compared rates of gelation after ultrahigh-temperature processing with that of ultrahigh-temperature-processed controls. The trial indicated that either organism could play a role in age gelation of ultrahigh-temperature-processed milk.
Patent•
26 Aug 1982
TL;DR: In this article, a microorganism is inoculated and cultivated in a culture medium containing an extract or waste liquor of an alkaline pulp cooking as a carbon source, and a cultivated the microbial cell is recovered from the culture.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To cultivate a microorganisms, by utilizing an organic substance in a waste pulp cooking liquor, particularly various organic acids, in an alkaline region without making the pH of the waste liquor after the alkaline pulp cooking alkaline CONSTITUTION:A microorganism is inoculated and cultivated in a culture medium containing an extract or waste liquor of an alkaline pulp cooking as a carbon source, and a cultivated the microbial cell is recovered from the culture In the details, a microorganism capable of assimilating and utilizing an extract or waste liquor of the alkaline pulp cooking at a high salt concentration under alkaline conditions, preferably a pH of 80-115, is used Bacillus 2-21 strain (FERM-P No5861), Bacillus 11-1 strain (FERM-P No5862) belonging to the genus Bacillus, Arthrobacter 1-51 strain (FERM-P No5863) belonging to the genus Arthrobacter, etc may be cited as the microorganism to be used
Patent•
29 May 1982
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed to decompose cholesterol contained in foods, by reacting the foods with microorganisms capable of decomposing cholesterol and/or the cholesterase produced by the cultivation of said microorganisms.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To decompose cholesterol contained in foods, by reacting the foods with microorganisms capable of decomposing cholesterol and/or the cholesterase produced by the cultivation of said microorganisms CONSTITUTION:Bacterial strain capable of decomposing cholesterol and belong- ing to Arthrobacter genus, Protaminobacter genus or Streptomyces genus, etc, and/or a cholesterase obtained by the cultivation of the above bacterial strain are acted to the food to be treated The enzyme or the bacteria are applied as an immobilized form for liquid food, by kneading for powdery or semi-solid food, and by injecting as an aqueous solution of the enzyme to a meat block, etc
Patent•
22 Dec 1982
TL;DR: In this paper, a lactic acid-assimilable and L-valine-producing microorganism belonging to Alkaligenes, Acinetobacter, Arthrobacter, Bacillus Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Brevibacteria, Microbacteriaium, Micrococcus, Nocardia, Proteus, Flavobacterium or Serratia genus is cultured under aerobic conditions in the presence of microorganisms belonging to Lactobacillus genus, Streptococcus genus, etc.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To prepare L-valine in high efficiency, using a carbon source which cannot be used as a raw material in single cultivation process, by the mixed cultivation of L-valine-producing microorganisms in the presence of lactic acid- producing microorganisms CONSTITUTION:A lactic acid-assimilable and L-valine-producing microorganism belonging to Alkaligenes, Acinetobacter, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Brevibacterium, Microbacterium, Micrococcus, Nocardia, Proteus, Flavobacterium or Serratia genus, eg Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC-13032, is cultured under aerobic conditions in the presence of microorganism belonging to Lactobacillus genus, Streptococcus genus, etc and capable of producing lactic acid from a glucide, in a nutrient medium containing a carbon source assimilable with said lactic acid-producing microorganism, and L-valine is separated from the cultured product