Showing papers on "Bacillus thuringiensis published in 1974"
TL;DR: A defined medium is described in which 18 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis representing the 12 established serotypes grow, sporulate, and produce a parasporal crystal in a minimal medium that contains glucose and salts supplemented with either aspartate, glutamate, or citrate.
Abstract: A defined medium is described in which 18 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis representing the 12 established serotypes grow, sporulate, and produce a parasporal crystal. This minimal medium contains glucose and salts supplemented with either aspartate, glutamate, or citrate. These organic acids are required and cannot be replaced by vitamin mixtures or succinate even though succinate is taken up at a rate similar to that of aspartate, glutamate, and citrate.
82 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, Radiorespirometry was used to compare the primary pathways of glucose catabolism in 18 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis representing the 12 established serotypes.
Abstract: Radiorespirometry was used to compare the primary pathways of glucose catabolism in 18 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis representing the 12 established serotypes. Every strain utilizes the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway almost exclusively; pentose-phosphate pathway participation is minor. The Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway predominates regardless of whether the cells were grown in a minimal medium or one containing yeast extract. The results indicate that the absolute requirement for citrate and related compounds is not a result of defective citrate or glucose transport and metabolism.
57 citations
TL;DR: Radiorespirometry was used to compare the primary pathways of glucose catabolism in 18 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis representing the 12 established serotypes and indicates that the absolute requirement for citrate and related compounds is not a result of defective citrate or glucose transport and metabolism.
Abstract: Radiorespirometry was used to compare the primary pathways of glucose catabolism in 18 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis representing the 12 established serotypes. Every strain utilizes the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway almost exclusively; pentose-phosphate pathway participation is minor. The Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway predominates regardless of whether the cells were grown in a minimal medium or one containing yeast extract. The results indicate that the absolute requirement for citrate and related compounds is not a result of defective citrate or glucose transport and metabolism.
52 citations
TL;DR: From 1971 to 1973 several Bacillus thuringiensis formulations were tested in the field against larvae of the spruce budworm under various conditions of population and tree defoliation, finding a new compact formulation was developed making B. thurringiensis treatments more economical and competitive with chemical insecticides.
46 citations
TL;DR: The half-life of spores and endocrystals of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner on soybean leaves was less than 24 h, since 65% of the insecticidal activity, and 90%" of the spore viability, was lost during the 1st day.
Abstract: The half-life of spores and endocrystals of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner on soybean leaves was less than 24 h, since 65% of the insecticidal activity, and 90% of the spore viability, was lost during the 1st day. However, some insecticidal activity could be detected at 7 days postapplication. The half-life of the nucleopolyhedrosis virus of Heliothis ( Baculovirus heliothis ) was >2 <3 days. Viral activity could not be detected after 14 days' exposure on soybean leaves.
44 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, a defined medium is described in which 18 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis representing the 12 established serotypes grow, sporulate, and produce a parasporal crystal.
Abstract: A defined medium is described in which 18 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis representing the 12 established serotypes grow, sporulate, and produce a parasporal crystal. This minimal medium contains glucose and salts supplemented with either aspartate, glutamate, or citrate. These organic acids are required and cannot be replaced by vitamin mixtures or succinate even though succinate is taken up at a rate similar to that of aspartate, glutamate, and citrate.
39 citations
TL;DR: The results of morphological studies and the use of labelled antibodies to stain sections of sporulating cells of B. thuringiensis suggest a relationship between crystal protein and the sporecoat of the organism.
Abstract: Summary: The ultrastructure of Bacillus finitimus and B. thuringiensis spores has been examined using the freeze-etching technique. Labelled antibodies have been used in an attempt to locate crystal antigen in the spores of B. thuringiensis, which have a more complex structure than those of B. finitimus. The results of morphological studies and the use of labelled antibodies to stain sections of sporulating cells of B. thuringiensis suggest a relationship between crystal protein and the sporecoat of the organism. The different aspects of ultrastructure and their relation to crystal structure and formation are discussed.
31 citations
TL;DR: The results indicated that with alkaline treatment the most toxic extract was obtained with 0.05–0.1 M NaOH, and toxicity was found associated mainly with a protein peak of 230,000 MW although other toxic peaks were found in the tailing.
25 citations
TL;DR: The antitumour protein from the α-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis var.
23 citations
21 citations
TL;DR: Studies were conducted at Florence, S. C., in 1972 to evaluate commercial preparations of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner for control of Heliothis spp.
Abstract: Studies were conducted at Florence, S. C., in 1972 to evaluate commercial preparations of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner for control of Heliothis spp. on cotton. Dipel,® Thuricide® HPC, Biotrol® XK, and Bactospeine® P.M. were added to a cottonseed oil bait and applied, with the Florence 3-outlet ULV sprayer, to 0.13-acre plots. Dipel was evaluated in various other baits that contained cornmeal, corn oil, Wheast® or some combination of these ingredients. Dipel in cottonseed oil bait produced higher mortality of caged larvae than other preparations of B. thuringiensis . On some occasions, Dipel was as effective as toxaphene + DDT + methyl parathion in killing larvae of H. virescens (F.). Laboratory feeding tests again proved Dipel to be the most effective of the materials tested.
TL;DR: The susceptibility of tobacco budworm larvae, Heliothis virescens (F.), to Biotrol XK in combination with chemical insecticides was determined and carbaryl was clearly synergistic; methomyl, phosmet, and carbofuran were synergistic but significance was marginal.
Abstract: Several organophosphate and carbamate insecticides were tested on 2 commercial preparations of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, Biotrol XK® and Biotrol BTB®.
On inert surfaces, carbaryl and stirophos decreased viability of spores from Biotrol XK preparations, but propoxur enhanced spore survival. Preparations of Biotrol BTB were tested similarly but none of the chemicals had a significant effect on survival of these spores. Trichlorfon, phosmet, methomyl, and carbofuran had no effect on either preparation.
The susceptibility of tobacco budworm larvae, Heliothis virescens (F.), to Biotrol XK in combination with chemical insecticides was determined. Carbaryl was clearly synergistic; methomyl, phosmet, and carbofuran were synergistic but significance was marginal. Stirophos was antagonistic; trichlorfon and propoxur had no significant effect.
TL;DR: The majority of larvae were killed very rapidly by the nuclear-polyhedrosis virus, although some survived up to 14 days before death, and the minimum time to mortality for the virus was 4 days.
Patent•
20 Feb 1974
TL;DR: Compositions for inhibiting the growth of lepidopterous larvae on plants comprising mixture of Bacillus thuringiensis and N'-(4-chloro-o-tolyl)-N,N-dimethyl formamidine (Chlordimeform) having the structure ##SPC1##
Abstract: Compositions for inhibiting the growth of lepidopterous larvae on plants comprising mixture of Bacillus thuringiensis and N'-(4-chloro-o-tolyl)-N,N-dimethyl formamidine (Chlordimeform) having the structure ##SPC1##
TL;DR: Leucine- 3 H labeled crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxin were fed to last-instar larvae of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana, eastern forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria, and silkworm to detect radioactivity.
TL;DR: In this article, four species of mammalian biting lice, Bovicola bovis, B. crassipes, limbata, and B. ovis, were more susceptible in the laboratory to the spore-δ-endotoxin complex of Bacillus thuringiensis than to the β-exotoxin.
Patent•
10 May 1974
TL;DR: In this paper, an improved Bacillus thuringiensis, Berliner is combined with the natural botanical insecticide Pyrethrum in a ratio of 12 to 1 to about 1 to 20.
Abstract: An improved insecticidal composition is disclosed. Bacillus thuringiensis, Berliner is admixed with the natural botanical insecticide Pyrethrum in a ratio (by weight) of Bacillus thuringiensis, Berliner to Pyrethrum of from about 12 to 1 to about 1 to 20. The admixture preferably also contains a major amount of an inert carrier. The improved insecticide is particularly useful in the control of both sucking and chewing insects and larvae.
TL;DR: Five commercial formulations ofBacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) were found to be effective for control of larvae of the red-humped caterpillar,Schizura concinna (Smith & Abbot), an important defoliator of broad-leaved trees in California.
Abstract: Five commercial formulations ofBacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) were found to be effective for control of larvae of the red-humped caterpillar,Schizura concinna (Smith & Abbot), an important defoliator of broad-leaved trees in California. The formulations tested were Biotrol® BTB 183 25 W, Biotrol® XK, Dipel®, Thuricide® HPC, and Thuricide® 90TS 950T. As a result of these trials,B. thuringiensis replaced chemical insecticides for the control of this pest in 1970, and has provided effective control as part of an operational pest management programme for four years.
TL;DR: Spray mixtures of Dipel® and chlordimeform hydrochloride provided effective protection vs. the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), and imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae, at rates as low as 1/16 lb/acre per application of each ingredient.
Abstract: Spray mixtures of Dipel® ( Bacillus thuringiensis var. alesti Berliner) and chlordimeform hydrochloride provided effective protection vs. the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), and imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae (L.), at rates as low as 1/16 lb/acre per application of each ingredient. Neither ingredient alone was efficacious at the low rates tested, but factorial analyses of the data on plant injury indicated synergistic effects. The efficacy of the mixture of the 2 ingredients was attributed to efficient complementary effects on plant protection.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Phage TP50 resembles phage SP50 of B. subtilis and phage No. 1 of B mycoides and Phage PBC1 has a long tail fiber like flagella-specific phages and resembles B. pumilus phage PBP1.
Abstract: Phage TP50 resembles phage SP50 of B. subtilis and phage No. 1 of B. mycoides. Phage PBC1 has a long tail fiber like flagella-specific phages and resembles B. pumilus phage PBP1. The latter was ree...
TL;DR: Several commercial formulations of the delta endotoxin form of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner gave adequate control of Heliothis virescens (F.) on flue-cured tobacco.
Abstract: Several commercial formulations of the delta endotoxin form of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner gave adequate control of Heliothis virescens (F.) on flue-cured tobacco. When applied as sprays, Dipel®, Biotrol® XK, Thuricide® HP, and Thuricide® HPC were usually as effective as standard chemical insecticides, although the rates varied depending on the material used. Bait preparations of Dipel, Thuricide HP, and Biotrol 2.5 gave excellent tobacco budworm control when applied by gloved hand. Residual toxicity of the baits under certain field conditions gave adequate control even after 5 days of exposure; however, residual toxicity of spray formulations was not as long as that of the baits, and they began to decrease significantly in effectiveness after 4 days of exposure to field conditions. The B. thuringiensis compounds in the form of Dipel, Biotrol XK, and Thuricide HPC sprays did not exhibit any harmful effects to lady beetles.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In general, the midgut epithelial cells of the 70 Kr-irradiated groups of larvae appeared highly vacuolated, badly disrupted, and in most cases undistinguishable as a result of attack of B. thuringiensis .
TL;DR: Six tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes were assayed in cell-free extracts of Bacillus popilliae and B. thuringiensis at various times during the early and late stationary phases of growth to find out whether these enzymes increased in activity after completion of exponential growth or allowed sporulation.
Abstract: Six tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes were assayed in cell-free extracts of Bacillus popilliae and B. thuringiensis at various times during the early and late stationary phases of growth. In B. popilliae, citrate synthase and isocitric dehydrogenase were present at very low levels at all times. After completion of exponential growth, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in B. popilliae cells fell over 100-fold and the cells failed to sporulate. Supplementation with glucose allowed reestablishment of high ATP levels but did not allow sporulation. Resuspension of postexponential cells of B. popilliae in glucose-supplemented spent broth prepared from a sporogenous strain of B. subtilis did not allow sporulation. This technique had previously been successful in allowing sporulation of tricarboxylic acid cycle mutants of B. subtilis. In contrast, B. thuringiensis tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes increased in activity after completion of exponential growth, ATP levels remained high, and most cells in the populati...
01 Jan 1974
Journal Article•