Showing papers on "Biological anthropology published in 1995"

But Professor, Why Teach Race Identification if Races Don't Exist?

Abstract: Although the typological race concept is obsolete in present-day systematic biology and anthropology, the idea that human populations and individuals are classifiable into separate races (Blacks, Whites, Native Americans, etc.) persists in government census data and mass media sources as well as in the forensic sciences. Determination of ancestry is a critical component of the forensic anthropologist's methodology in identification of human remains. In training students in laboratory techniques of personal identification, the paradox of the scientific rejection of the race concept and its survival in medical-legal contexts needs to be addressed explicitly. Forensic anthropologists and their colleagues in other branches of biological anthropology are best able to determine the ancestral background of an individual when they are familiar with the geographical distributions and frequencies of phenotypic traits in modern populations. Their methodology does not necessitate a racial classification based upon nonconcordant characters in order to provide evidence for positive identification of individuals.

Franz Boas and Native American biological variability.

Abstract: The contributions to physical anthropology with which Franz Boas is usually credited are in the areas of growth, plasticity of head and body form, and biometric genetics. Such a listing of Boas's contributions overlooks the tremendous amount of research he did with biological variability of Native American populations. The rediscovery of his anthropometric data documents the tremendous investment in time, money, and effort Boas devoted to the topic and provides the opportunity to rediscover his insights into a subject that is of continuing interest. The design of his massive anthropometric survey of native North Americans reveals a concern for population analyses and a rejection of the typological framework of the time. If Boas's ideas had been adopted at the turn of the century, the development of physical anthropology in America might have been much different.

Gender and the Academic Career in North American Anthropology: Differentiating Intramarket From Extramarket Bias

Abstract: CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY MELLARS, P. A. 1989. Major issues in the emergence of modem humans. CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 3°:349-85. MERCIER, N., H. VALLADAS, J. L. JORON, J. L. REYSS, F. LE­ VEQUE, AND B. VANDERMEERSCH. 1991. Thermolumines­ cence dating of the late Neanderthal remains from Saint­ Cesaire. Nature 351:737-39. MESSERI, P. 1975. UResti uID3ni (denti e patti dell/alto inferiorel provenienti da strati rnusteriani in grotta a Marina eli Came­ rata {Salerno). Atti della XVII Riuru'one Scienti{ica, pp. 171­ 86. Firenze: Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria. MILES, A. E. w. 1963. The dentition in the assessment of indi­ vidual age in skeletal material, in Dental anthropology. Ed­ ited by D. R. Brothwell, pp. 191-209. Oxford: Pergamon Press. MOLNAR, S. 1971. Human tooth wear, tooth function, and cul­ tural variability. American Journal of Physical Anthropology MUSSI, M., AND D. ZAMPETTI. 1991. Le site mousterien de Grotta Barbara. Quatewaria Nova 1:277-87. os BORN, J. W. 1982. Helicoidal plane of dental occlusion. Amer· ican Journal of Physical Anthropology 57:273-81. PALMA 01 CESNOLA, A. 1989. L'Uluzzien: Facies italien du Lep­ tolithique archaique. L'Anthropologie 93:783-811. PIPERNO, M., AND G. SCICHILONE. Editors. 1991. The Circeo 1 Neanclertal skull: Studies and documentation. Rome: Isti­ tuto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato. ROSSETTI, 1'., AND G. ZANZI. 1991. Technological approach to reduction sequences of the lithic industry from Grotta Breuil. Quatemaria Nova 1:351-65. RUffO, M., AND A. ZARATTINI. 1991. The Grotta delle Capre at San Felice Circeo: Further investigations. Quaternaria Nova SCHWARCZ, H. P., A. BlETTI, W. H. BUHAY, M. C. STINER, R. GRUN, AND A. G. SEGIU. 1991. On the reexamination of Grotta Guattari: Uranium-series and electron-spin-resonance dates. CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 32:313-16. SCHWARCZ, H. 1'., W. BUHAY, R. GRUN, M. C. STINER, S. KUHN, AND G. H. MILLER. 1991. Absolute dating of sites in coastal Lazio. Quaternaria Nova 1:51-67. SERGI, S. 1954. La mandibola neandertaliana Circeo II. Rivista di Antropologia 41:305-44. s., AND A. ASCENZI. 1955. La rnandibola neandenali­ ana Circeo III (mandibola B). Rivista di Antropologia 42:337­ SERGI, Les origines de l'homme modeme en Europe centrale: Un cas de continuite, in Aux origines d'Homo sapiens. Edited by J. J. Hublin and A-M. Tillier, pp. 25 1~90. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. STINER, M. C. 199Ia. Ungulate exploitation in the Terminal Mousterian of Italy: The case of Grotta Breuil. Quatemaria SMITH, F. H., AND E. TRINKA US. 1992. Nova 1:333-50. The cultural significance of Grotta Guattari recon­ sidered. I. The faunal remains from Grotta Guattari: A tapho­ nomic perspective. CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 32:103-17, - - . 1991b. Honor among thieves: A zooarchaeological study of Neandertal ecology. Princeton: Princeton University Press. STINER, M. C., AND S. 1. KUHN. 1992. Subsistence, technol­ ogy, and adaptive variation in Middle Paleolithic Italy. Ameri­ can Anthropologist 94:306-39· STRINGER, C. B. 1988. Thc datcs of Eden. Nature 331:565-66. STRINGER, c. B., AND P. ANDREWS. 1988. Genetic and fossil evidcnce for the origin of modem humans. Science 239:1263­ c. B., AND R. GRUN. derthals. Nature 351:701-2. STRINGER, Time for the last Nean­ STRINGER, C. B., J. J. HUBLIN, AND B. VANDERMEERSCH. 1984. The origin of anatomically modem humans in Western Europe,}} in The origins of modern humans: A world survey of the fossil evidence. Edited by F, Smith and F. Spencer, pp. 51­ 135. New York: Alan R. Liss. TASCHINI, M. 1979. L'industrie lithique de Grotta Guattari au Mont Circe (Latiuml: Definition culturelle, typologique et chro­ nologique du Pontinien. Quaternana 21: I 79-247. TOBIAS, P. v. 1967. Olduvai Gorge. Vol. 2. The cranium and maxillary dentition of Australopithecus (Zinjanthropusl boisei. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. TRINKAUS, E. 1983. The Shanidar Neandertals. New York: Aca­ demic Press. TWIESSELMAN, F. 1941. Methode pour l'evaluation de l'epais­ seur des parois craniennes. Bulletin, Musee Royale d'Histoire Naturelle Belgique 1]:1-33. Human skeletal remains: Excavation, analysis, interpretation. Chicago: Aldine. VANDERMEERSCH, B. 1989. L'extinction des Neandertaliens, in L'homme de Neandertal, vol. 7, L'extinction. Edited by B. Vandermeersch, pp. 11-21. Liege: ERAUL. WHITE, T. D., AND N. TOTH. 1991. The cultural significance of Grotta Guattari reconsidered. 2. The question of ritual canni· balism at Grotta Guattari. CURRENT AJ'I.'THROPOLOGY 32:118­ UBELAKER, D. H. 1978. WOLPOFF, M. H. 1979. The Krapina dental remains. Amen'can Journal of Physical Anthropology 50:67-114. WU, 1., AND C. G. TURNER II. 1993. Variation in the fre­ quency and form of the lower permanent molar middle tri­ gonid crest. American Joumal of Physical Anthropology Gender and the Academic Career in North American Anthropology: Differentiating Intramarket from Extramarket BiasI E. A. HAMMEL, CARL MASON, ARIADNE PRATER, AND ROBERT LUNDY Departments of Demography and Anthropology (Hammell/Department of Demography (Masonl/ International and Area Studies Training Program (Prater), University of California, Berkeley, Calif· 94720/ Dialog Information Systems, Palo Alto, Calif. 94305 (LundYI, U.S.A. 27 IX 94 Professional employment in anthropology is concen­ trated in academia. Most graduate training in anthropol­ ogy continues to stress the classical academic career, most aspirants for the doctorate express an intention to enter such careers, and over 80% of professionally active anthropologists are occupied with teaching and research in postsecondary academic milieux. Anthropology has also been dominated by men, both in numbers and pres­ tige, although in contrast to the situation in some other scientific disciplines, there have always been enough, and enough distinguished, women profeSSionals to allow I. © 1995 by The Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research. All rights reserved 0011-3204195/3602-0008$1.00. Our use of the phrase North American in the title means North America north of Mexico, and it should be clear that in numerical tenns events in the United States dominate the analysis.

The Influence of William M. Bass III on the Development of American Forensic Anthropology

Abstract: Through his teaching, research and casework over the last 33 years, William M. Bass has become a central figure in the development of the American forensic anthropology. His influence can be measured through the quantity and activity of his students in the field, the number and breadth of his publications relating to the field, his growing casework, his activity and important role in the development of the Physical Anthropology section of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, and his continual willingness to lecture to interested groups. Like many of his contemporaries in physical anthropology. Bass gradually shifted his academic interests toward forensic anthropology throughout his career. This shift is reflected in all areas of his academic life. His contributions have raised professionalism and acceptance of forensic anthropology as an integrated aspect of both forensic science and anthropology. Bass's unique style and breadth of his contributions can be traced to his education (University of Virginia, Kentucky, and Pennsylvania) and his mentors (Coon, Krogman, Stewart, Eisley and Roberts).