Showing papers on "Brown rice published in 1997"

Dietary practices among Europeans and different South Asian groups in Coventry.

Abstract: The dietary customs of people of South Asian origin living in Britain are important determinants of health but have been relatively little studied. As part of the Coventry study of diabetes carried out in the Foleshill ward of the city, subjects undergoing oral glucose tolerance tests provided information on this aspect of lifestyle. A questionnaire was completed by all of the last 612 subjects undergoing testing. These included 304 of European origin, 118 Punjabi Sikhs, seventy-six Pakistani/Punjabi Moslems, twenty-eight Gujerati Moslems, twenty-five Punjabi Hindus and forty-seven Gujerati Hindus. There were no discernible differences in the dietary customs of those with normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose tolerance and newly diagnosed diabetes. Subjects of South Asian origin ate significantly fewer meals per day than European subjects. Evening meal times were 2-3 h later among South Asians. Europeans ate less fruit but more vegetables and more brown rice than South Asians. Gujeratis ate more rice, fried snacks and white flour. Moslems were least likely to be vegetarians, to drink alcohol and to use home-made ghee and yoghurt, and Punjabi Sikhs and Hindus ate dhal more frequently than Pakistani Moslems, Gujerati Moslems or Hindus. Most South Asians ate Indian sweets and 'Western' snacks.

Determination of Trace Elements in Rice Flour by Isotope Dilution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Abstract: Two rice flour reference materials (normal and elevated trace concentrations) were prepared from brown rice produced in Korea. As part of the certification process, trace elements such as Cr, Fe, Cd and Pb were determined by an isotope dilution ICP-MS method. About 0.4 g of rice flour samples spiked with appropriate amounts of enriched spike isotopes was decomposed in high-pressure microwave digestion bombs. For the determination of Cr and Fe, the ICP-MS instrument employed in the present work was operated under cool plasma conditions. The cool plasma was generated by inserting a copper shield between the load coil and the plasma, and by increasing the aerosol carrier gas flow rate up to 1.3 l min -1 . An approximately 2 µg ml -1 Ca matrix in the digested solution was observed to induce serious spectral interference on the determination of Fe; hence, the Ca matrix was separated from the analyte using a microcolumn loaded with silica-immobilized 8-hydroxyquinoline. Analytical results for National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material 1568, Japan National Institute for Environmental Studies Certified Reference Material 10-a and Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science reference materials are presented together with detection limits.

Low-energy electron effects on the sterility and viscosity of grains

Abstract: Microbial load and viscosity of brown rice, rough rice, wheat and buckwheat exposed to electrons at different acceleration voltages were examined and compared with those irradiated with gamma-rays. Electrons at acceleration voltages of 180-225 kV reduced microbial loads of grains to <100 CFU/g. The viscosities of aqueous suspensions of grains treated with such low-energy electrons were almost the same or higher than those irradiated with gamma-rays at 0.1 kGy, much lower than necessary to disinfect grains. Results suggest that low-energy electrons can decontaminate grains with little starch degradation compared to gamma-rays.

Reducing bird repellent application rates by the addition of sensory stimuli

Abstract: Red-winged Blackbirds ( Agelaius phoeniceus ) cause substantial damage to a variety of crops throughout North America. Nonlethal methods for controlling damage are generally ineffective, and environmental and cost concerns have limited the availability of chemical repellents such as methiocarb. One means of potentially lowering the effective application rate of methiocarb and similar aversive compounds is by combining the treatment with sensory cues. We tested groups ( n = 4) of male Red-winged Blackbirds in a series of 4-day feeding trials using brown rice treated with 0.025% (g/g) methiocarb, five times less than the previously established effective bird repellent rate. Each methiocarb treatment suppressed rice consumption, whether the repellent was alone or combined with a visual (red dye) and/or volatile (methylpyrazine) cue. When rice treated with just the sensory cues was subsequently presented, the red dye, but not the methylpyrazine, continued to deter feeding on rice. These results show that post...

Cultural Condition for the Mycelial Growth of Phellinus igniarius on Chemically Defined Medium and Grains

Abstract: The chemical media composition and culture conditions were optimized for mycelial growth of Phellinus igniarius 26005. The method of solid-state fermentation, cultivation of basidiomycetal strains in various grains, was developed. Media composition for optimal growth of Phellinus igniarius 26005 was made of 7.0% malt extract, 0.3% bacto soytone, and 0.2% yeast extract. The optimum condition for mycelial growth was and pH 7.0, respectively. For the mass cultivation of mycelia, the hydrated grains with cold water, were put into the plastic bottle. The mycelial growth rate in the bottled grains was high in the early stage with inoculation of homogenized mycelium. The activity of mycelium was maintained by adding sterilized water in the middle of cultivation. The glucosamine content which determins the mycelial growth rate in solid material was in the order of job's tears>barley>black soybean>wheat>malt soybean>brown rice>sorghum>glutinous rice.

Optimization for the Preparation Conditions of Instant Rice Gruel Using Oyster Mushroom and Brown Rice

Abstract: Four-dimensional response surface methodology was used for optimizing preparation conditions and monitoring sensory quality of instant rice gruel prepared using oyster mushroom and brown rice. Water absorption time of brown rice and glutinous rice to prepare instant rice gruel were 50 hr at , respectively. The optimum conditions predicted for each corresponding sensory properties of instant rice gruel were 47.58% (rate of brown rice in water-absorbed brown and glutinous rice), 569.68 mL (content of solution) and 52.40 min (heating time at ) in viscosity of instant rice gruel, 47.15%, 568.49 mL and 53.04 min in taste of instant rice gruel, 44.06%, 558.54 mL and 53.84 min in mouth-feel of instant rice gruel, and 46.20%, 561.64 mL and 51.60 min in overall acceptance of instant rice gruel, respectively. The optimum conditions, which satisfy all sensory properties of rice gruel, were 44%, 620 mL and 56 min in rate of brown rice in water-absorbed brown and glutinous rice, content of solution and heating time, respectively. Sensory scores predicted at the optimum conditions were in good agreement with experimental sensory scores.

The Heartbeat Award Scheme: an evaluation of catering practices

Abstract: The Heartbeat Award Scheme was launched in England in 1990 by the Health Education Authority as part of the national strategy to reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease. To date there has been no formal evaluation of the impact the award has had on catering practices. This study aimed to compare the differences between those premises with and without the award with regard to their catering practices. All Heartbeat premises (497) within the former Wessex region, along with 495 control premises without the award, were sent postal questionnaires. A total of 380 premises with the award and 306 premises without responded, representing a response rate of 77% and 62%, respectively. Respondents were grouped into one of three categories: public eating places, workplaces or educational establishments. Differences were found between award and non-award holders, particularly with regard to the provision of healthy food, including brown rice and semi/skimmed milk, healthy options available to the consumer and commitment to healthy eating. While this research suggests that the award scheme may be increasing consumer choice, it is not possible to draw conclusions about the impact of the scheme on eating habits.

Fermented brown rice

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a fermented brown rice, effective in maintaining and promoting health and having a good flavor by treating the whole raw brown rice with a specific enzyme and then fermenting the resultant brown rice with a lactic acid bacterium. SOLUTION: The whole raw brown rice (or preferably a mixture thereof with 10-50 wt.% whole grain raw soybeans) is reacted with an enzyme derived from Aspergillus oryzae and Rhizopus oligosporus and then fermented with a lactic acid bacterium (e.g. Lactobacillus bulgaricus or Streptococcus thermophilus) to afford a liquid readily ingestible fermented substance having an excellent flavor.

Influence of Silicate Application on Rice Grain Quality

Abstract: To evaluate the characters related to rice grain quality as affected by silicate application, the ripened color, appearence and physicochemical properties of rice grain which were produced at the silt-loam paddy field of National Yeongnam Agricultural Exeperiment Station with a little poor drainage for trials on long-term effects of continuous application of same fertilizer were analyzed comparing with the NPK fertilizer an the NPK＋compost in 1995. The whiteness value and color space value in ripened color of rice hull by silicate application were higher than those in the plots of NPK and NPK＋compost, because of low percentage of rusty grain and sooty grain, The percentage of perfect grain in brown rice and in milled rice by the silicate application increased by 6.1~7.5% and by 1.8~3.5% respectively, as compared with the NPK application and white core and white belly of milled rice were decreased, The amylose content, protein content and starch-iodine blue value of milled rice by silicate application were lower than those in the plots of NPK and NPK＋compost, while the peak point and breakdown viscosity of gelatinized rice flour on amylograph, and tastes value evaluated as a indicater of pannel test by nireco tester were higher. By silicate application these factors could be affected toward better in eating quality,

Health beverage and its production

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a health beverage capable of readily drinking and carrying out good promotion of health. SOLUTION: This health beverage contains 8-12 wt.% egg, 12-16 wt.% nonglutinous brown rice vinegar, 1-2 wt.% fermented lactic acid, 50-60 wt.% oligosaccharide, 1-2 wt.% dried ginger, 1.3-1.6 wt.% soy sauce, 11-13 wt.% juice and 0.5-1.5 wt.% extract of soybean and rice bran. Health can be promoted by adding utility of oligosaccharide, fermented lactic acid and dried ginger to utility of egg and nonglutinous brown rice vinegar. The health beverage is readily drinkable, because oligosaccharide, soy sauce and juice are formulated therein. COPYRIGHT: (C)1999,JPO

New Density-Independent Model for Measurement of Grain Moisture Content using Microwave Techniques

Abstract: A free space transmission method using standard gain horn antennas in the frequency range from 9.0 to 10.5㎓ is applied to determine the dielectric properties of grain such as rough rice, brown rice and barley. The dielectric constant and loss factor, which depend on the moisture content of the wetted grain are obtained from the measured attenuation and phase shift by vector network analyzer. The moisture content of grain varied from 11 to 25% based on its wetted condition. The measured values of dielectric constants as a function of moisture density are compared with values of those obtained using the predicted model for estimating dielectric constants of grain. The effect of density fluctuation, which is an important parameter governing the dielectric properties of grain, on the dielectric constant and loss factor is presented. A new density-independent model in terms of measured attenuation and moisture density is proposed for reducing the effects of density fluctuation on the moisture content measurement.

Characteristics of Germinated Rice as a Potential Raw Material for Sikhe Production

Abstract: This study was carried out to examine the possibility of using brown rice or paddy as raw materials for sikhe. Brown rice and paddy were soaked in water at for 2 days and then germinated at for upto 10 days. The higher the germination temperature, the higher the germination speed, the increase of activity, and the increase of extract amount and its sugar content. The viscosity of extract rapidly decreased first and then slightly increased during germination. The activities of of germinated brown rice and paddy were much smaller than those of germinated barley; however, the extract amount and its sugar content of germinated brown rice and paddy were similar to those of germinated barley. The germinated brown rice can be used for sikhe not as a saccharifying agent but as a substitute for white rice.

Apparatus for improving head rice yield

Abstract: Dehulled brown unmilled rice is exposed to ozone gas in an ozone and air gas mixture. The exposed brown rice is stored for at least a day to sufficiently affect the bran before subjecting the exposed rice to a typical milling process. The milling of the exposed brown rice results in reduced breakage and thus increased head rice yield to economically attractive levels.

Contents of Phytic Acid and Minerals of Rice Cultivars from Korea

Abstract: To elucidate the contents of phytic acid and minerals in rice produced in Korea, samples of 68 varieties of brown rice and 9 varieties of polished rice were analyzed for phytic acid by colorimetric method, and Ca, Fe, Mg and Zn contents by the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Selenium was measured by fluorometry. Average of phytic acid content of the 68 brown rice were 12.6g/kg, whereas that of the 8 polished rice were l.83g/kg on dry matter. Averages of Ca, Fe, Mg and Zn contents on the 68 brown rice were 111,7.4, 1,068 and 19.1mg/kg, and those of the polished rice were 45.6, 2.1, 250 and 14mg/kg, respectively. A average of selenium content of the brown rice was 38.3㎍/kg.

Studies of Sound Transmission in of Stored Grain for Acoustic of Insects Various Types Detection

Abstract: KS 66502, USA February 1996; In developing passive acoustic systems for detecting insect infestutions in bulkstored grain, it is advantageous to understand the transmission of sound in the grain bethceen the insects and the sensors. In the work presented here grain is shown to be a strong acoustical absorber, the attenuation coeficient increasing roughly as the square root of the frequency. Tests with sqft wheat immersed in three diflerent gases: air, argon and carbon dioxide, support an earlier conclusion that sound is transmitted principally through the gas in the passageways between the grain kernels. The speed qf sound and the attenuation coejicient were measured as a function of frequency for six d@erent types of grain: hard and soft wheat, brown rice, soybeans, corn and sorghum. It M’US determined that sound is transmitted over longer distances in grains with a larger inter-kernel spacing, such as corn and soybeans. Grain depth, up to several meters, appears to have little efect on sound transmission. ,Q 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd

Multi-pesticide Screening Method for Agricultural Products with an Automated Sample Preparation Instrument

Abstract: A multi-pesticide screening method for agricultural products was developed using an automated sample preparation instrument in combination with GC/MS by a modification of the previously reported method with two SPE columns. The instrument automatically conducts solid-phase extraction and evaporation. The sample extract (0.2mL) was applied to a PSA cartridge (100mg) in the system, followed by repeated elution with 0.8mL of n-hexane-acetone (1:1) and evaporation three times. The residue was dissolved in 0.2mL of n-hexane-acetone (4:1) for GC/MS. The automated system was tested for 164 pesticides, and recoveries of 56.1-129.5% (160 pesticides) were obtained with a mean CV of 4.1%. Four volatile pesticides gave poor recoveries (18.3-27.6%), but yields of 43.1-46.7% were available with the use of matrices. By using this automated sample preparation system, recoveries of 27 pesticides and 4 metabolites from 3 matrices fortified at 0.1ppm were 105.0% for brown rice, 102.0% for lemon, and 103.0% for spinach. This procedure could be employed as a screening method at the 0.01ppm level. The total time required for one sample preparation was ca. 1.3hr and about 10 samples could be analyzed automatically overnight.

Suppressant for both ulcer and hepatopathy comprising lactic acid bacterium fermentation product

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a suppressant for both ulcer and hepatopathy, lightly ingestible as a food and drink in daily life, abundantly containing various ingredients and having effects on suppression of onset of the ulcer and hepatopathy. SOLUTION: This suppressant for both ulcer and hepatopathy is obtained by adding water to rice bran and/or brown rice flour, adding a liquefying type amylase thereto, heat-treating the resultant mixture, adding a cellulase, a protease and a saccharifying type amylase to the heat-treated liquid, carrying out the enzymolysis, removing a part of oil and fat from the enzymolytic treated liquid by centrifugation or filtration, inoculating a lactic acid bacterium into the treated liquid and carrying out the fermentation. The resultant suppressant contains proteins or their hydrolyzates, glucides, water-soluble vitamins and minerals.

Food-Security Indexes Related to Combined Pollution of Chromium and Phenol in Soil-Rice Systems

Abstract: The pot-culture method combined with chemical and statistical analyses was used to get basic data for determination of the food-security indexes related to combined pollution of Cr and phenol in soil-rice systems.Regression analyses according to the experimental result indicated that the critical concentrations of Cr andphenol in brown rice were 0.37 and 0.33 mg kg-1, respectively, under the condition of Cr-phenol combined pollution.

Orally ingestive substance

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an inhibitor of prolyl endopeptidases useful as a medicine, a functional food, a food for health, a food and drink, etc., effective in preventing and treating senile dementia by treating a rice protein with a proteolytic enzyme. SOLUTION: A rice protein such as a prolamin, a glutelin, a globulin, an albumin or a proteose or a substance containing the rice protein is treated with a proteolytic enzyme to afford an inhibitor of prolyl endopeptidases. The resultant treated substance is converted into a pasted, a dried or a diluted substance. Furthermore, brown rice, milled rice or a brewed food such as SAKE (Japanese rice wine), sweet SAKE, miso or soy sauce prepared from rice as a raw material is cited as the substance containing the rice protein.

Operation apparatus of swinging/sorting type husker

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To switch the swinging start of a swinging/sorting plate, the circulation of finished brown rice in an apparatus and the discharge of the brown rice out of the apparatus, or to switch the adjustment of the open degree of a supply valve, the circulation of finished brown rice in an apparatus and the discharge of the brown rice out of the apparatus, by operating only one operation lever SOLUTION: A lever axis 33 and a rotary plate 37 are rotated counterclockwise by a lever 36 at one end Consequently, a movable tension pulley 50 which is pulled by a wire 45 is moved to swing a sorting swinging plate Further, a switching valve 31 is switched by a wire 46 by rotating the lever 36, so that circulation of finished brown rice in an apparatus is switched to discharge of the brown rice out of the apparatus Moreover, a pushing piece 62 installed in the lever axis 33 is engaged with an engaging piece 58 installed in a valve axis 6 of a supply valve 7 in order to inhibit the rotation of the supply valve 7 forced toward opening direction and thus the open degree of the supply valve 7 is adjusted by the rotation of the lever axis 33 Operativity is consequently improved by operating two members, which are made to operate successively, by only one lever

Unmanned rice-milling apparatus

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To relatively inexpensively manufacture a safe in strong constitution and to mount it and to make it suitable for an unmanned installation and tough against theft by making a constitution wherein a coin introducing hole communicates with a coin selecting machine connected with a controlling apparatus and it furthermore communicates with a coin storing safe and the safe is independent of an operating panel. SOLUTION: This apparatus is an unmanned rice-milling apparatus which has a constitution wherein a house is divided into an operating room and a machine room by a partition wall and an operating room is a constitution provided with at least an operating panel 5, a coin introducing hole 6, a brown rice introducing part and a milled rice outlet part and a machine room is installed with a rice-milling machine being operated for a set time based on the introduced coin and this rice-milling machine has a constitution wherein the brown rice fed from the brown rice introducing part is milled and it is discharged to the polished rice outlet part and the coin introducing hole 6 communicating with a coin selecting machine 11 connected with a controlling apparatus and furthermore, this coin selecting machine 11 communicates with a coin storing safe 12 and the safe 12 is a separate constitution independent of the operating panel 5.

Influence of Low Temperature at Reproductive Stage on Rice Grain Quality

Abstract: The influence of cool temperature occurred during the booting stage in 1993 on quality of rice grain was compared with that in favorable weather of 1994. The mean and minimum air temperatures during the reproductive growth stage at the paddy field of Jinbu Substation, National Crop Experiment Station were 2.2~7.4 and 2.0~8.9 lower respectively in 1993 compared to those of 1994. Grain fertility and brown rice yield were 11.8％ and 0.4t /ha, and 84.3％ and 5.5t /ha in 1993 and 1994, respectively. There was no difference in amylose content between two years. However, protein content of brown rice in 1994 were 1.6％ lower than that of 1993. There was no difference in alkali digestion value of milled rice between two years. Gel consistency of rice flour was 45mm in 1993 and 59mm in 1994. Amylogram characteristics of rice flour produced in 1993 showed lower peak hot, cool, and breakdown viscosities, and higher consistency and setback viscosities. The palatability of cooked rice by sensory panel test was considerably better in 1994 rice than in the rice of cool year.

Lipoxygenase Activity of Milled Fractions from Brown Rice

Abstract: Lipoxygenase activity from brown rice varieties (Tongjinbyeo, Kumohbyeo and Kanchukbyeo) was investigated using spectrophotometric method. In all three varieties, there was an increase in the enzyme activity with the reaction time. Enzyme activity was tested at different concentration of the substrate. The values of Tongjin, Kumoh and Kanchukbyeo were 57.89, 19.85 and 31.38 units/mg protein and 0.054, 0.045 and 0.035 mM. The study of lipoxygenase activity at different pH levels showed that all the varieties had maximal activities around . The enzyme activity and specific activity on milled fractions of different brown rice varieties, fraction II was superior to the other fractions and fraction IV was inferior to the other fractions. As the result of microwave heating for 0, 30, 60 and 90 sec, the enzyme activity and specific activity of all the varieties were decreased by the elapse of heating time.

Grain milling machine

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make it easy for an operator to judge whether polished rice and rice bran are being discharged normally or not in a working room, and independent of removing rice bran to the working room side, to make the selection in rice polishing work easy by preventing the mixing of rice bran into brown rice supplied from a supply funnel when the rice bran is recovered by a rice bran recovery means in a machine room and on the working room side. SOLUTION: A grain milling house 1 is divided into a machine room 3 having a rice bran recovery means and a working room 4 by a partition wall 2, on the working room side, the discharge opening of a grain milling cylinder 5 in which a grain milling rotor is set and the discharge opening of a rice bran discharge cylinder 9 are formed to be able to remove the rice bran to the working room side and the machine room side, in the front view of the grain milling house 1, the discharge opening of the cylinder 9 is formed on the work side and on the opposite side to a supply funnel 25 for supplying brown rice of a raw material to a grain lifting apparatus 26 on the machine room side.

Quality Characteristics of Reconstituted Multi-Grain by Extrusion Process

Abstract: Cereals and legumes were ground, blended and extruded with a twin-screw extruder to form a reconstituted grain. The basic formula was as follows: brown rice 30%, barley 30%, wheat 20%, millet 5%, sorghum 5%, soybean 7%, and red bean 3%. Extrusion conditions were properly set for feed moisture content of , barrel temperature of , and screw speed at 250 rpm. The extruded grain was air-dried and evaluated for quality characteristics, compared with milled rice. Size and shape of the reconstituted grain were similar to short-grain milled rice. Stacking volume of the reconstituted grain was a little higher than that of milled rice, and its water absorption was more rapid. From the texture measurements, hardness of cooked reconstituted grain was slightly lower and adhesiveness was appeared to be higher.

Brown rice partition plate controller of shaking separator

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve the detection precision of a paddy-brown rice discrimination sensor and to make the movement of a brown rice partition plate correspond to a selection condition even during work starting when hulling work is unstable and during residual rice treatment at the end of work. SOLUTION: When a paddy-brown rice discrimination sensor 9 detects the boundary position between paddy and brown rice of grains to be selected while reciprocating, above the discharge side 2b of a shaking separation plate 2, between the swing-up side 2c and the swing-down side 2d at a speed higher than the transfer speed of the grains and transfers and adjusts a brown rice partition plate 4 at a position related to the boundary detection position, transfer and adjustment is carried out at a speed higher than a transfer speed from the swing-up side 2c to the swing-down side 2d of the grains so that brown rice is removed outside a partition machine by the brown rice partition plate 4.