Showing papers on "Conformal antenna published in 2023"
TL;DR: In this article , the authors proposed a pseudo-curved surface conformal (PCSC) phased array antenna for wide-angle scanning in millimeter-wave (mmWave) networks.
Abstract: To perform wide-angle scanning while maintaining a planar low profile, we propose a new kind of millimeter-wave (mmWave) planar phased array antenna using inclined beam elements to imitate a curved surface conformal (CSC) array, called a pseudo-curved surface conformal (PCSC) phased array antenna. We present the concept of our PCSC phased array and then design an elongated planar aperture antenna (EPAA) element, achieving stable high broadside gain and wide beam on the scanning plane within a wide bandwidth. Then, by introducing asymmetries to the EPAA element, the beam inclination of the EPAA element can be adjusted. Accordingly, we use EPAA elements with different beam inclinations to form a 1 × 4-element 1-D wide-angle scanning PCSC phased array antenna. We design, fabricate, and measure a prototype of our proposal, with measured results showing that the proposed design has a 3 dB gain variation across a scanning range of more than ±62° (and as high as ±68°) within the 5G mmWave band (24.25 to 29.5 GHz), which is about ±10° better than its traditional counterpart.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a conformal leaky-wave antenna at the terahertz (THz) frequency band is proposed to generate high-gain beams with low bit error rates for increased coverage of THz wireless links.
Abstract: Abstract Future generations of wireless systems are expected to combine the use of high-frequency bands (the terahertz range) with smart interconnected devices (the Internet of Things). To realize this ambitious merging, systems will require antennas that can be mounted on nonplanar objects while generating highly directional beams. Here, we study conformal THz leaky-wave antennas at THz frequencies. We find a rich set of behaviors accessible at THz frequencies dictated by the interplay among the geometrical parameters and the wavelength. We develop simple models to describe the relevant physics, which we verify by an experimental implementation. We also demonstrate data transmission using a conformal THz antenna that can generate multiple high-gain beams with low bit error rates for increased coverage of THz wireless links.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a cylindrical conformal array antenna with a small-tilt forward beam was designed, which reduced the size of the antenna unit and increased the beam deflection angle without increasing the coupling effect between the parts.
Abstract: Antenna beam deflection, along with miniaturization and wideband of the antenna is in demand for practical applications. In this paper, a cylindrical conformal array antenna with a small-tilt forward beam was designed. The microstrip antenna unit was loaded with the artificial electromagnetic structure, which reduced the size of the antenna unit. As a result, the center spacing of the array elements can be shortened with the same array element spacing. The beam deflection angle can be increased in this way without increasing the coupling effect between the parts. Changing the number of line array elements and the number of line arrays can regulate the beam width of E-field and H-field, respectively. The bandwidth of the antenna can be significantly extended by slotting the ground plane. This work implemented a cylindrical conformal array of the antenna’s forward beam with a small dip angle using a cylindrical carrier as an example. The measurement results showed that the angle between the main beam and the carrier axis of the conformal antenna was less than 30°, the bandwidth was more than 30%, and the antenna volume decreased by 40.4%.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a 1×6-element end-fire high-gain low sidelobe level subarray is designed, based on which a 4 × 6-element PC PAA is implemented.
Abstract: Though conformal phased array antennas have better wide-angle scanning capability than their traditional planar counterparts do, their fabrication is generally complex. Therefore, this letter presents a millimeter-wave (mmWave) proactive conformal (PC) phased array antenna (PAA) formed by high-low alternate elements/subarrays to proactively modulate the array aperture, achieving wide-angle scanning and easy fabrication. A 1×6-element endfire high-gain low sidelobe level subarray is designed, based on which a 4×6-element PC PAA is implemented. The measured results show that the reflection coefficient of the fabricated prototype is mostly <−10 dB, the port isolation is >18 dB, the endfire scanning gain is >15.5 dBi, and the 3-dB gain variation scanning range is >±60° with a peak up to ±68° within 24.25–29.5 GHz (19.5%).
1 citations
26 Mar 2023
TL;DR: In this paper , a closed-form formulation for analyzing antenna arrays conformal to arbitrary surfaces, evaluating the effects of the polarization components on the overall radiation performance is presented, and an amplitude tapering methodology is proposed to switch off shadowed elements and redistribute the power to the operational ones.
Abstract: Conformal phased arrays can be found in many applications due to their ability to fit tridimensional surfaces and, thanks to their scanning performance, can excel planar arrays. However, most of the previously proposed analysis methods can be applied only to canonical cases and do not consider the effects of polarization. Therefore, this paper presents a closed-form formulation for analyzing antenna arrays conformal to arbitrary surfaces, evaluating the effects of the polarization components on the overall radiation performance. Besides, an on-body array conformal to the human torso surface is analyzed as a case study, and its beam scanning performance is evaluated with the developed in-house code. Finally, an amplitude tapering methodology is proposed to switch off shadowed elements and redistribute the power to the operational ones. After applying this tapering strategy, the results show that the maximum directivity is maintained, and a significant reduction in the side lobe levels is achieved.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the design of microstrip patch antennas is reviewed for use in 5th generation communication applications, including biomedical, autonomous vehicles, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, internet of things (IoT), machine learning, Artificial Neural Network Algorithms, radar, and wireless communication.
Abstract: This paper aims to review microstrip antennas for various applications. The design of microstrip patch antennas is a new research field developed for use in 5th generation communication applications. An antenna is a collection of multiple devices connected together that function as a single antenna to send or receive radio waves. Antennas can be of different shapes and sizes. The microstrip patch is an antenna pattern that is light in weight, low profile, and focuses on producing results. In the future, microstrip patch antennas may be used for some 6G communication systems applications. In addition, 6G communication applications can be created on other devices, including biomedical, autonomous vehicles, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, internet of things (IoT), machine learning, Artificial Neural Network Algorithms, radar, and wireless communication. In the past, the multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) pattern was a standard geometry used in 4G wireless applications. This paper discusses the geometric structures of antennas, various analysis methods for antenna characteristics, antenna dimensions, and many different types of antennas. Also, it will discuss the previous papers' substrate materials, loss tangent, thickness, return loss, bandwidth, voltage-standing-wave-ratio (VSWR), gain, and directivity.
01 Apr 2023
TL;DR: In this article , a conformal wideband microstrip patch antenna with an integrated L-strip feed is presented, and the realized bandwidth within which the VSWR is less than 2 is near 43% covering the frequency range of 5.55 GHz to 8.6 GHz.
Abstract: A conformal wideband microstrip patch antenna with an integrated L-strip feed is presented. The realized bandwidth, within which the VSWR is less than 2, is near 43% covering the frequency range of 5.55 GHz to 8.6 GHz. This is considerably wider than that of the conventional L-probe feeding technique. Furthermore, with the proposed integrated L-strip the need for an additional layer to accommodate the standard L-probe is obviated, thereby, making the proposed L-strip feed a more viable proximity feeding technique to realize wideband patch antennas printed on non-planar surfaces and curved platforms.
TL;DR: In this paper , a physical-method-driven deep-learning-based (PMDL-based) fast beam stabilization algorithm for antenna array deformation is proposed, which can cope with the beam deterioration caused by the array antenna's deformation, it is necessary to quickly manipulate the amplitude and phase distribution according to the current conformal array shape.
Abstract: The array antenna will be inevitably deformed affected by the motion of the communication system or other special requirements, which will reduce the original good radiation performance, such as gain dropping, sidelobe increasing, and even beam splitting. To cope with the beam deterioration caused by the array antenna’s deformation, it is necessary to quickly manipulate the amplitude and phase distribution according to the current conformal array shape to stabilize the beam. This article proposes a physical-method-driven deep-learning-based (PMDL-based) fast beam stabilization algorithm for antenna array deformation. First, we theoretically analyze the radiation pattern synthesis of the conformal array with the arbitrary surface to design the corresponding physical method, and we verify the accuracy of the method by the calculated and simulated results. Then, the deep neural network (DNN) driven by the physical method is designed integrated with the aforementioned radiation pattern synthesis, whose training process is given. Finally, a $1\times16$ array antenna is taken as an example to verify the validity of the beam stabilization algorithm when the designed array is deformed. The simulated and measured results indicate that gain dropping and sidelobe level (SLL) rising are, respectively, less than 1.5 and 2 dB by applying the proposed PMDL-based fast beam stabilization when the array antenna is deformed within the range of ${\mathrm {100}}^{\circ }$ of the normal vector of each array element, while the beam stabilization time is less than 1.0 ms (testing time).
29 Mar 2023
TL;DR: In this paper , a conformal antenna with two notched bands conformal antennas for UAVs has been proposed to reduce the impact of air resistance in superformula ultra wideband.
Abstract: This paper presents a new design of superformula ultra wideband with two notched bands conformal antenna for UAV. Because of its low profile, the conformal antenna on the aircraft can effectively reduce the impact of air resistance. The dielectric substrate is Rogers Duroid 5880, and the final size of the antenna is 30 mm × 40 mm. In order to avoid interference with WiMAX and WLAN bands, two notched bands are obtained by using ring and ring slots on the radiating element. The results show that the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 2.7-14 GHz, and the double notch band is [3.2-3.9 GHz] and [4.7-5.8 GHz].
26 Mar 2023
TL;DR: In this article , a conformal transformation of the ground plane is proposed to mitigate diffraction effects from finite ground planes in antenna design, which can be applied to transverse-magnetic waves.
Abstract: A novel approach to mitigate diffraction effects from finite ground planes in antenna design is presented. The method is based on the conformal transformation optics. A computational framework has been developed to optimize the shape of the ground plane since it has a great impact on the beam ripple and width of the radiation pattern of an antenna. Due to the limited thickness of the outer wall of slotted waveguide antennas, it is not possible to shape this outer wall, which acts as the ground plane of the antenna. Conformal transformation optics presents a solution to virtually add a deformation without needing to change the physical shape of the ground plane. Although conformal transformation optics can also be applied to transverse-magnetic waves, large fluctuations in the dielectric constant with respect to the wavelength cannot be supported in practice. In order to mitigate this problem, we have proposed a rescaling of the dielectric constant. Furthermore, we derive the connection between conformal transformation optics and transverse electromagnetic modes, which serve as a tool for joint optimization of the radiation pattern together with the conformal transformation. This method is then used to optimize the radiation pattern of a slot antenna and evaluated for increasing curvature within the conformal transformation.Numerical computations have shown promising results, i.e. a reduction of the farfield ripple from 1.92 dB to 0.64 dB at a half-power beam-width of 112° at 77 GHz. This is a promising result for designing automotive radars with a wide field of view, especially, for advanced driver-assistance systems used in the corner radars. This will contribute to further improving safety on the roads.
TL;DR: In this article , a phasor beam steering stacked patch antenna with abilities of both amplitude and phase pattern reconfigurations is proposed and used for improving the aperture efficiency of arced conformal array.
Abstract: A phasor beam steering stacked patch antenna with abilities of both the amplitude and phase pattern reconfigurations is proposed and used for improving the aperture efficiency of arced conformal array. The phasor beam steering antenna is composed of two parasitic patches on the top integrated with four PIN diodes and a driven patch on the lower layer. By switching the bias states of the PIN diodes, the induced complex current of the top patch is alterable and the phasor beam steering can be delivered. Thus, in the conformal array design, the phase compensation can be realized by the phase pattern reconfiguration of the phasor beam steering antenna instead of the conventionally used phase delay lines. Meanwhile, the amplitude pattern reconfiguration of the phasor beam steering antenna can also be used for enhancing the contribution of side elements to the gain of axial beam. A four-element arced conformal array with the phasor beam steering antenna is designed and measured for verification. Both the simulated and measured results indicate that the realized gain of the proposed conformal array is 12.0 dBi, and the corresponding aperture efficiencies are improved up to 51.48%, which is better than the results of the arced conformal array with the phase compensation network.
TL;DR: In this paper , the conformal mapping (CM) mode is engaged for conformal antenna strategy using the geometric representation of the CM, and the energy operator is formulated in a 2D geometry, when the discharged field is detected over a semi-circumference in the far zone.
Abstract: The conformal mapping (CM) mode is engaged for conformal antenna strategy using the geometric representation of the CM. For some conformal antennas (CAs) have the same shape, actuality able to segment a shared rough system, which is an essential improvement of this method in these CA optimizations (CAOs). Different parameters of CAs are optimized. The function reactions in this sample are selected as starlike distribution. The assessments of efficiency, gain and accuracy with the commercial software Mathematica 11.2 are prepared. The suggested method is mainly appropriate for CAO. Moreover, we formulate the energy operator in a 2D geometry, when the discharged field is detected over a semi-circumference in the far zone.
01 May 2023
TL;DR: In this article , a cylindrical distributed coprime conformal array (CDCCA) was proposed for two-dimensional (2-D) direction-of-arrival and polarization estimation.
Abstract: In this paper, we devise a novel cylindrical conformal array, termed cylindrical distributed coprime conformal array (CDCCA), for two-dimensional (2-D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) and polarization estimation. The proposed CDCCA avoids the lag redundancies between two adjacent linear subarrays of cylindrical conformal array, and increases the unique lags number in its difference coarray. Moreover, it provides a larger array aperture than the exiting cylindrical conformal arrays under the same number of sensors. Therefore, the CDCCA configuration can resolve a larger number of sources and provide a higher estimation accuracy. Numerical results demonstrate its superiority in comparison to several existing conformal arrays.
TL;DR: In this article, an active-passive gust alleviation method has been proposed to improve the performance of the airborne conformal antenna array under gust loads by constructing an unsteady aerodynamic reduced-order model and a conformal array pattern fast method based on the modal form.
Abstract: SensorCraft is an intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) system that integrates unmanned flight platforms and airborne antenna arrays. Under gust loads, the high–aspect–ratio, light–wing structure of SensorCraft has considerable bending and torsion deformation, affecting the flight performance of unmanned flight platforms and leading to the loss of antenna arrays’ electromagnetic performance. Taking SensorCraft as the background, a wing conformal antenna array was designed, an aircraft model with a passive wingtip device was established, a control law was developed by the LQG/LTR method, and a gust alleviation active–passive combined control method of a “LQG/LTR active controller + passive wingtip device” was proposed. By constructing an unsteady aerodynamic reduced–order model (ROM) based on the Volterra series and a conformal array pattern fast method based on the modal form, the effectiveness of the gust alleviation active–passive combined control method on the aircraft platform and antenna array was analyzed. The results show that structural deformation of the wing conformal antenna leads to changes in the main lobe gain, beam direction, and sidelobe level. The active–passive gust alleviation method has obvious advantages. Compared with the LQG/LTR active gust alleviation method, the peak value of wingtip displacement is reduced by 15.6%, and the peak value of the gain loss is reduced by 0.72 dB, which is conducive to better performance of the airborne conformal antenna array.
TL;DR: In this paper , four textile patch antennas are designed to operate at a frequency of 2.45 GHz and the analysis of performance of these designed patch antennas is done under the free space conditions to check correspondence with the wearable implementations.
01 Jan 2023
TL;DR: In this paper , two conformal antennas for wireless capsule endoscopic systems for robust biotelemetry communications, one of them covers 865 MHz band and the other one covers both 865MHz and 2.4 GHz ISM bands.
Abstract: This paper presents two conformal antennas for wireless capsule endoscopic systems for robust biotelemetry communications, one of them covers 865 MHz band and the other one covers both 865 MHz and 2.4 GHz ISM bands. Biotelemetry is one of the applications of these bands. Two planar antennas are designed first and then they are conformed around a cylindrical capsule. The simulation is performed in ANSYS Electronics Desktop simulation software and it is observed that the antennas have wider bandwidth at respective bands. The peak realized gain for both antennas at 865 MHz are −18.1 dBi while antenna with bow and arrow shaped radiator has peak gain of −13.3 dBi at 2.4 GHz. Since the capsule needs to be ingested by the patient for endoscopy, biocompatibility has been ensured. The maximum specific SAR value is obtained for both the antennas and is considered safe in accordance with the IEEE standard safety guidelines. The recommended antennas’ conformal design idea, omnidirectional radiations, and multiband capability with wider bandwidth in the ISM band(s) will improve the scope for capsule endoscopy and would provide valuable contribution in the domain of biotelemetry.
TL;DR: In this paper , a quadratic convex optimization algorithm was proposed for sum and difference beamforming with low sidelobe levels, which has excellent properties of sidelobe suppression and angular sweep.
Abstract: Aiming at the multiband pattern synthesis problem of time-modulated conformal array antenna, a quadratic convex optimization algorithm is proposed for sum and difference beamforming with low sidelobe levels. This articles method synthesizes a difference beam with a low sidelobe level by generating nulls at the center frequency band and optimizing the switch-on duration time of array elements. And the sum beamforming and sidelobe suppression of the first-order sideband are realized by optimizing the switch-on instant time of the array elements. The proposed algorithm has excellent properties of sidelobe suppression and angular sweep. The simulation results of circular and satellite array antenna verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.
18 Mar 2023
TL;DR: In this paper , the beamforming capabilities of conformal cylindrical Huygens metasurface coatings for linear antennas are assessed and it is shown that by engineering the phase-gradient profile of the HMS, the original omnidirectional radiation pattern of the linear antenna can be shaped to form multi- or single-beam configurations.
Abstract: The beamforming capabilities of conformal cylindrical Huygens metasurface (HMS) coatings for linear antennas are assessed. It is shown that by engineering the phase-gradient profile of the HMS, the original omnidirectional radiation pattern of the linear antenna can be shaped to form multi- or single-beam configurations. A closed-form expression for the phase-insertion profile of the cylindrical coating required to achieve the desired radiation pattern profile is derived, and several full-wave numerical examples supporting our claims are reported. A configuration exploiting a realistic HMS layout is also discussed and it is shown that, by making the metasurface reconfigurable through the use of tunable lumped elements, the radiated beams can be dynamically steered in space. This new design methodology could find application in smart electromagnetic environment scenarios for dynamically rerouting the signal towards multiple users.
TL;DR: In this paper , a conformal U-slot type micro-strip (µ-strip) patch antenna was designed to be used in the L1 frequency band for the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) applications of L1 and E1 band.
Abstract: In this paper, we have designed a conformal U-slot type micro-strip (µ-strip) patch antenna to be used in L1 frequency band. First, a primary design of flat, rectangular U-slot µ-strip patch antenna is designed around the center frequency of L1 band that is 1575.42 MHz. Then, this design has been converted to a conformal type such that it can be used cylindrical platforms such as missiles. The primary design of conformal U-slot µ-strip patch antenna has been optimized for the L1, E1 frequency band between 1563 MHz and 1587 MHz, and 1559 MHz and 1591 MHz; respectively. Then, antenna parameters such as operation bandwidth and the radiation pattern were reported based on the optimized simulation results for this stand-alone conformal antenna. Finally, this antenna has been put on a missile model and the antenna simulation is repeated to validate the effectiveness and the usability of this antenna on a realistic platform and the scenario. The CST simulation of the final optimized conformal U-slot type µ-strip patch antenna mounted on the missile model has shown that this antenna is effectively operation between 1.5442 and 1.6077 GHz such that it can conveniently be used for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) applications of L1 and E1 band.
TL;DR: In this paper , a bendable wideband dual-polarization low-profile conformal phased array antenna is proposed, which employs a row modular architecture, which enables it to bend to a cylindrical geometry.
Abstract: In this letter, we proposed a bendable wideband dual-polarization low-profile conformal phased array antenna. The antenna element is an Invert-F fed stacked-patch antenna. It provides an active VSWR < 3 for 10.7 GHz to 12.75 GHz in the principal planes. The proposed phased array antenna employs a row modular architecture, which enables it to bend to a cylindrical geometry. Both the antenna aperture and the active components of the conformal phased array antenna are considered for bending in the letter. A prototype conformal phased array antenna with 8 rows of 4 dual-polarization antenna element was fabricated, assembled and measured. Wide-angle beam scanning is achieved by electronically scanning along the curved axis of the cylindrical conformal phased array antenna. Moreover, there is no grating lobe when scanning down to 60°.
14 Apr 2023
TL;DR: In this article , a wideband multi-helix conformal sparse array method is proposed to realize the surface conformal sonar of the whole boat/unmanned vehicle (UAV).
Abstract: The whole boat/UUV conformal sonar can make full use of the surface space of the installation platform to increase the effective aperture of the array, improve the long-range detection capability of the sonar, and there are no problems such as low operating frequency and limited use conditions of the towed line array. It is the future The development direction of submarine/UUV sonar, but there are many problems such as large-scale array elements and difficulties in realizing data transmission and power supply functions when laying a large-scale acoustic array on the surface of submarine/UUV. In this paper, aiming at the problem of realizing the surface conformal sonar of the whole boat/UUV, a wide-band multi-helix conformal sparse array method is proposed. The element spacing and the number of array elements, through simulation analysis, the number of array elements is 1/10 of the number of close-packed conformal array elements, and has lower side lobes at broadband operating frequencies, which can meet the needs of underwater acoustic detection and reconnaissance, communication, target recognition and other multi-functional requirements.
26 Mar 2023
TL;DR: In this article , the authors presented an in-body conformal bolus antenna to improve the wireless capability of the sensor nodes, as well as in efficiency as in performance, and explained the design choices they made based on the state of the art theoretical background that is developed in the recent years concerning in body antennas.
Abstract: Precision livestock farming has seen an increased interest in the past years. To enable this technology, solid ground work needs to be done to roll-out the system. One major pillar of the ground work is the sensor to base station communication link. In this work, we present an in-body conformal bolus antenna to improve the wireless capability of the sensor nodes, as well in efficiency as in performance. Throughout the paper, we explain the design choices we made based on the state of the art theoretical background that is developed in the recent years concerning in-body antennas. The proposed antenna has a gain of -37.2 dBi. The antenna is well matched to the 50 Ω system and has a bandwidth of 20 MHz.
01 Jan 2023
TL;DR: In this paper , a split ring resonator-based conformal antenna for Earth coverage spaceborne applications was proposed, which has an operating frequency range from 4.54 to 5.91 GHz and peak gain of 1.9 dBi.
Abstract: This paper describes the design of a split ring resonator-based conformal antenna for Earth coverage spaceborne applications. To have a reduction in antenna size without degradation in the performance, two design techniques are included in the antenna design. First, a rectangular slot is etched from the circular radiating patch. Secondly, with a partial ground plane in the antenna design, a circular split ring resonator has been engraved. The substrate used for the projected antenna design is a flexible Rogers substrate (RO3006) having a relative permittivity of 6.15 and a thickness of 1.27 mm. The overall antenna size is 20 mm × 15 mm × 1.27 mm. Without conformal structure, the designed antenna provided a wide frequency of operation from 4.73 to 6.12 GHz, a peak gain of 1.9 dBi, and a radiation efficiency of 99.8 percent. The patch design is wrapped over a cylinder having a 10 mm radius along the y-axis to obtain the bending structure. The designed conformal antenna has an operating frequency range from 4.54 to 5.91 GHz. For Earth coverage applications and aircraft applications, the designed antenna can be used.
TL;DR: In this article , a patch antenna with compact, flexible, and transparent properties is presented to support Wi-Fi 6E (2.4 GHz/ 6 GHz) applications, which is formulated based on a transparent metal mesh film.
Abstract: In this paper, a patch antenna with compact, flexible, and transparent properties is presented to support Wi-Fi 6E (2.4 GHz/ 6 GHz) applications. This antenna design was formulated based on a transparent metal mesh film (MMF), for which the average optical transparency ( OT (cid:2911)(cid:2932) ) is 69% and the sheet resistance ( R (cid:2929) ) is 0.1Ω/sq. The measurement results on frequency bands of 2.4-2.51 GHz and 5.87-7.04 GHz show that the average gain exceeds 5.4 dBi and 6.3 dBi with corresponding radiation efficiency rates as high as 67.8% and 70%. In addition, for the purpose of integration into aesthetic devices for smart home applications, the antenna conformed to foam and a lamp. All research outcomes here indicate that the proposed antenna maintains a directional radiation pattern, as well as transparency and flexibility, making it a potential candidate for transparent Internet of Things (IoT) applications.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors established the wave field signal model of the conformal array and derived the theoretical performance of ML, the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) estimator and Cramer-Rao bound (CRB).
01 Jan 2023
TL;DR: In this paper , an unconventional configuration scheme of integrating an unmanned sensorcraft platform and conformal antennas is presented, where the aspect ratio, sweepback of the wing and flight altitude and speed are selected as the parameters for analysis and calculated to understand the influences of parametric variation on wing deformation.
Abstract: An unmanned sensorcraft often has its numerous antennas and sensor devices arranged in the structure space of its wings. If the wings deform, conformal antennas will be affected. The object of this study is an unconventional configuration scheme of integrating an unmanned sensorcraft platform and conformal antennas. The aspect ratio, sweepback of the wing and flight altitude and speed are selected as the parameters for analysis and calculated to understand the influences of parametric variation on wing deformation. On this basis, the influences of parametric variation on the deformation of conformal antennas are analyzed. The results show that the aspect ratio has a significant influence on the x and z directions of the antenna, that the sweepback has a great influence on the y direction of the antenna, and that the flight altitude and speed have a small influence on the antenna radiation pattern. These conclusions can provide data support for the sensor dynamic compensation technology of unmanned sensorcraft.
26 Mar 2023
TL;DR: In this article , a beamforming concept for mobile handsets operating in the millimeter wave frequency range is proposed to comply with specifications defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
Abstract: A beamforming concept for mobile handsets operating in the millimeter wave frequency range is proposed to comply with specifications defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). By integrating antenna elements directly into the smartphone corner, realized on a metallized injection molded plastic carrier, a large spherical coverage is achieved. To maximize antenna gains, calculation methods for chassis conformal arrays are derived and applied. Simultaneous excitation of two elements is suggested for operation to maximize the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP). Compliance of the proposed chassis conformal array concept with 3GPP specifications is shown by evaluation of the spherical coverage.