Showing papers on "Cunninghamia published in 2008"

Changes in belowground carbon allocation in a chinese fir chronosequence in fujian province,china

Abstract: Aims Total belowground carbon allocation represents an important carbon flux in forest ecosystems and is closely related to carbon sequestration Knowledge of how it changes with stand age in forest plantations is essential for carbon accounting and carbon management Our primary objective is to elucidate changes in total belowground carbon allocation in a Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceo- lata) chronosequence Methods We selected an age sequence of 7 (young), 16 (middle-age), 21 (pre-mature), 41 (mature) and 88 year (old-growth) Chinese fir plantations with similar site conditions in Nanping, Fujian Fine root production was determined by sequential soil coring, root respiration by trenching, current annual increment of tree biomass by allometric equations and annual litterfall by litter traps Important findings Annual fine root production (Pfr) was relatively high and statistically similar prior to the middle-age stage, but decreased in the following stages The ratio of Pfr/litterfall decreased with stand age Root respiration, which was linearly correlated to living fine root biomass, was lower in old-growth forest than in other forests Total belowground carbon allocation (TBCA) was higher in mid-dle-age and premature forests than in young and mature forests and was lowest in old-growth forest The ratio of aboveground net primary production to TBCA was higher in middle-age, pre-mature and mature forests than in young and old-growth forests Root carbon use efficiency decreased with stand age

A Preliminary Study on Litter Falls of Six Kinds of Plantations in the Tropical South Asia

Abstract: The amount and rhythm of litter falls in Mytilaria laosensis,Betula alnoides,Castanopsis hystrix,Michelia macclurei,Pinus massoniana,and Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations located at Experimental Center of Tropical Forestry,CAF,were studiedThe results showed that there existed different dynamic change and litter fall amount for different tree plantationAmong 6 stands,Mytilaria laosensis had the most leaf and miscellaneous litter falls,which were 4 74823 and 1 88107 kg·hm-2·a-1,and Betula alnoides had the lowest,which were 2 64132 and 15388 kg·hm-2·a-1Pinus massoniana had the most leaf litter fall,which was 90294 kg·hm-2·a-1,while Cunninghamia lanceolata the lowest,which were 14993 kg·hm-2·a-1For annual total litter fall amount,Mytilaria laosensis was the highest(7 09576 kg·hm-2·a-1) and Betula alnoides the lowest(3 30905 kg·hm-2·a-1)The annual total litter fall amounts of Castanopsis hystrix,Michelia macclurei,Pinus massoniana,and Cunninghamia lanceolata were similar,ranged between 5 55561-5 86487 kg·hm-2·a-1The ANOVA results of the annual total litter fall amount showed that there existed extremely significant differences among tree speciesBy multiple comparisons,it was showed that there existed extremely significant difference in annual total litter fall amount between Mytilaria laosensis and the other 5 species,between Castanopsis hystrix,Cunninghamia lanceolata and Betula alnoides and Michelia macclurei and Pinus massoniana,and between Michelia macclurei,Pinus massoniana and Betula alnoides

Carbon Storage and Allocation in Old-Growth Cunninghamia lanceolata Plantation in Subtropical China

Abstract: The carbon storage and its allocation of an 87-year-old Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation in Nanping,Fujian province was studied.The methods of allometric dimension analysis and sampling harvest were used to estimate the biomass of tree,shrub and herbage layers,respectively.Carbon concentrations of plant and soil samples were determined using an ELEMENTAR Vario EL III CN Analyzer.The result showed that total carbon storage in the plantation was 287.89 t·hm-2,of which the tree layer accounted for 68.18% and the mineral soil for 26.39%,while the total of the undergrowth,litter layer and coarse woody debris(CWD) occupied no more than 6%.In the allocation of tree carbon pool to various organs,stem and bark accounted for 79.61%.Carbon storage in 87-year-old Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation ecosystem is only 7.15% higher than that in 40-year-old Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation ecosystem,which may be due to similar tree layer and mineral soil carbon storages in the two plantations.The old-growth plantation had only 4.51% and 10.39% higher tree layer and mineral soil carbon storages than 40-year-old plantation respectively.Carbon storages of understory and CWD in the old-growth plantation were 2.05 and 2.80 times as much as that of 40-year-old plantation,whereas carbon storage of litter was lower in the old-growth plantation.In conclusion,carbon storage of old-growth Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation increased a little,but its allocation changed significantly.

Carbon Storage Effects in Artificial Mixed Forest of Cryptomeria fortunei-Cunninghamia lanceolata in Montane Areas of Western Sichuan Province of China

Abstract: Carbon storage effects in 17-yr-old of Cryptomeria fortunei forest,Cunninghamia lanceolata forest and their mixed forest were compared in Pengzhou County,Sichuan,China,adopting volume-biomass method and soil profile investigationThe results showed that both biomass and forest carbon storage were significantly higher in mixed forest than in the pure forestsThe biomass was 204 t/hectare in the mixed forest,higher than that in the pure forests of Cfortunei and Clanceolata forests by 160% and 393%,respectivelyCarbon storage was 102 t/hectare in the mixed forest,higher than that in pure forests of Cfortunei and Clanceolata forest by 161% and 392% respectivelyThe soil total porosity,soil capillary porosity and soil non-capillary porosity were higher in the mixed forest than that in the pure forests,which is favor of water conservation and drought-resistance of soil

Study on the effect of thinning on the growth of mixed forest of Phoebe nanmu and Cunninghamia lanceolata

Abstract: Thinning experiments were taken in the mixed forest of Phoebe nanmu and Cunninghamia lanceolata according to complete randomized block design of two treatments and four replications.The results showed that thinning benefited the growth of P.nanmu and the undergrowth vegetation because the plants grew well with better sunshine.The average D B H,tree height and individual volume of thinning P.nanmus were 177.4%,120.8% and 361.5% of not-thinning forest respectively.And the stand volume of the former was 74.23 m3·hm-2,while the latter was 24.88 m3·hm-2.The undergrowth biomass of thinning was 9702.0 kg·hm-2,which was 301.8% of non-thinning that was 3221.5 kg·hm-2.The litter fall,which decreased after thinning,was 2463.8 kg·hm-2 of thinning and 3600.0 kg·hm-2 of non-thinning respectively.The former was 68.4% of the latter.

Differences of adaptability among cunninghamia lanceolata varieties to heterogeneous nutrient environment

Abstract: Aims Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata),an important tree of timber plantations in South China,is a fast-growing coniferous species with high yield and quality of woodSince the forest soil in South China is highly heterogeneous in nutrients,our objective is to study responses of Chinese fir to soil heterogeneityMethods We used pot experiments under heterogeous and homogeneous environments to study tree growth,dry matter accumulation and allocation,root morphology and nutrient absorption efficiency of three open-pollinated varieties of Clanceolata(`Long 15',`Jinping 45' and `Jing 398') to detect the differences in their adaptability to the heterogenous nutrient environmentImportant findings The three varieties were significantly different in their adaptability to the heterogenous nutrient environment and in their response to soil patches`Jinpin 45' exhibited higher plant height,higher biomass accumulation and more developed roots in the heterogeneous environment than homogeneous environment,but `Long 15' and `Jing 398' grew better in the homogeneous environmentAlthough the responses of the three varieties were different,roots proliferated mainly in poor patches`Jinping 45' showed high root physiological plasticity in the heterogeneous environment,but `Long 15' and `Jing 398' were low and average,respectively,in the hererogeous environmentThe root concentration of N,P and K in the heterogeous environment(poor-patch) was lower than in the homogeneous environment(rich-patch);this is different from Pinus massoniana,which had high nutrient absorptionHowever,concentration of nutrients was not lower in rich-patch than poor-patchFurther more,it can be inferred that `Jinping 45' grew better in the heterogeneous environment than the homogeneous environment not only because of physiological plasticity but also because of a larger portion of biomass and nutrients distributed to leaves

Measurement of leaf area index of three plantations and their seasonal changes in Heshan hilly land

Abstract: Leaf area index(LAI) is an important parameter in forest canopy structure.Measurement values of optical instrument often underestimate LAI and need to be corrected.Effective leaf area index(LAI_e) measured by a CI-110 digital plant canopy imager(DPCI) was calibrated by LAI in three plantations of Acacia mangium plantation,Schima plantation(S.superba+S.wallichi) and coniferous plantation(Pinus massoniana+Cunninghamia lanceolata) in Heshan hilly land,Guangdong Province,South China.Direct determination was used to estimate LAI of three plantations,and the seasonal changes of LAI were analyzed as well.Direct estimations were higher than optical estimations,and significant correlations(P0.01) were found between LAI and LAI_e for each plantation with different equations.There weren't obvious seasonal changes of LAI in three plantations as a whole.Schima plantation had the highest mean annual LAI(6.56) among the plantations,followed by A.mangium plantation(3.94) and coniferous plantation(3.76),and LAI of Schima plantation was obviously higher than those of A.mangium and coniferous plantations(P0.05). Compared with historical data,the results suggest that LAIs of Schima,coniferous and A.mangium plantations present the definite trend of increase,relative stabilization and decrease,respectively.

The characters of leaf area and net photosynthesis efficiency of needle at different parts and in different leaf age of Cunninghamia lanceolata

Abstract: Photosynthesis in Cunninghamia lanceolata of 6 years old of pure plantation forest was measured.Assimilation net amount of carbon dioxide on different parts needle of unit area ranked from high to low as following:middle upper lower,and the difference of assimilation ability on different parts needle was significant.Assimilation net amount of carbon dioxide on different leaf age needle of unit area ranked from high to low as following:same-year-old one-year-old two-year-old three-year-old,and the difference of assimilation ability on different leaf age needle was significant.Assimilation net amount of carbon dioxide on different plants was significant.Needle area on lower,middle,upper were respectively equivalent to 35.8%,40.0%,24.2% of total area.Needle area in same-year-old trees,one-year-old,two-year-old,three-year-old were respectively equivalent to 34.7%,33.9%,20.2%,11.2% of total area.Assimilation net amount of carbon dioxide on lower,middle,upper were respectively equivalent to 29.8%,38.1%,32.1% of total number.Assimilation net amount of carbon dioxide in same-year-old trees,one-year-old,two-year-old,three-year-old were respectively equivalent to 43.8%,32.7%,16.0%,7.5% of total number.

Biomass productivity of the second generation Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation in northwest of Guangxi

Abstract: In order to understand the biomass productivity of the second generation Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation,the biomass productivity of a second generation Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation of three different stand ages(8-year-old,11-year-old and 14-year-old) in Nandan Shankou Forestry Farm of Guangxi,China were studied.The results showed that the biomass of Chinese fir plantation increased with stand age.The biomass accumulations of 8-year-old,11-year-old and 14-year-old Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation were 35.75,55.12 and 75.77 t/(hm2·a)respectively,including 16.28,26.64,36.35 t/hm2 of economic biomass(stem),and net stand productivity was 4.47,5.01 and 5.41 t/(hm2·a) respectively.From 8-year-old to 11-year-old,the percentage of leaves and branch decreased obviously,then increased along with growth process,but stem,bark and roots showed the opposite trend.The biomass of undergrowth vegetation in the second generation Cunninghamia lanceolata was less,and the order of the biomass of different stand ages was:14-year-old 8-year-old 11-year-old.

A Comparison of Soil Organic Carbon of Water-Stable Aggregates between Altingia gracilipes Natural Forest and Cunninghamia lanceolata Plantation

Abstract: In order to assess the impacts of land use change on soil organic carbon(SOC),the contents of SOC of water-stable aggregates of surface soil samples(0~10 cm,10~20 cm)at a natural forest of Altingia gracilipes and a plantation of Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata) were investigated in Wanmulin Nature Reserve of Jianou city,Fujian Province,China.Results showed that the proportion of macroaggregates(0.25 mm) was account for 85% of the dry soil weight.There was no significant differences between the aggregate proportions of the two forest,but the contents of SOC in different size groups decreased significantly as natural forest conversion to plantation,and the loss of C content in aggregates was account for 22.62% to 51.78%.The storages of SOC in different sized aggregates in two forests increased with increasing macroaggregate size.The total content of SOC was affected by the carbon of different sizes of aggregates.It is concluded that the conversion of natural forest into plantation leads to a loss of the content of SOC and soil aggregates and a decrease of the aggregates stability.

Spatial distribution of combustible substance of Schima superba stands in Zhejiang Province,eastern China

Abstract: Schima superba is a good species for fire resistance.Through a comparison among S.superba forest belt and the neighboring flammable Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata stands,the authors examined the differences of vertical and horizontal community structures and of spatial distribution of their combustible mass to identify the fire resistance mechanism.P.massoniana and C.lanceolata forest stands had continuous vertical and horizontal structures from arbor,bush to grass,but the S.superba forest stand had weak continuous vertical and horizontal structure and a relatively simple structure with less bush and grass.Flammability analysis of the combustible mass indicated that average percentage of hard-flammable mass in P.massoniana and C.lanceolata forest stands was obviously less than that in S.superba.of over 8-years age P.massoniana and C.lanceolata forest stands had higher percentages of easy-flammable and hard-flammable mass than S.superba stand.The variance analysis and frequency statistics of the surface litter on ridge and mountainside indicated that the differences between S.superba and P.massoniana or C.lanceolata forest stands were significant,and that S.superba had much less surface litter with unbalance horizontal distribution than P.massoniana and C.lanceolata forest stands.This research indicates that S.superba has higher percentages of hard-and very hard-flammable mass with interval distribution than other two selected forest stands,and benefits fire resistance.

Effects of bamboo vinegar on the growth of Cunninghamia lanceolata seedlings and soil fertility

Abstract: Pots experiment was conducted to study the effects of bamboo vinegar on soil chemical properties,height and ground diameter of Cunninghamia lanceolata seedlingsThe experiments used 9 different concentrations of bamboo vinegar with 2 application methods of spray application and application to the soilResults showed that the application of bamboo vinegar did not change the pH of the soil among 9 concentrations,H50(soil application,diluted bamboo vinegar 50 times) and P300(spray leaves,diluted bamboo vinegar 300 times) evidently increased soil total N and available P,decreased the consumption of available K,hydrolyzable N,and organic matter on growth of seedlingsBamboo vinegar promoted the activities of soil ureases,peroxidases and polyphenol oxidases,and increased the height and diameter growth of Cunninghamia lanceolata seedlings significantlyIn general,bamboo vinegar with suitable concentration can improve soil fertility in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation and suitable for tree growth and thus has a promising future

Analyses of structures and dynamics of tree layer in different artificial mixed forests of Cunninghamia lanceolata

Abstract: Structures and dynamics of tree layer in different artificial mixed forests of Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb.)Hook.in Dong'an forest farm of Fujian Province were analyzed.The results showed that the growth of C.lanceolata in all mixed forests was better than that in pure forest.Among six mixed forests,average value of DBH,average tree height and average net productivity per tree of C.lanceolata in C.lanceolata-Phoebe bournei(Hemsl.)Yang mixed forest were the biggest,which were 19.5 cm,15.5 m and 0.002 84 m3·a-1 respectively.In C.lanceolata-Sassafras tzumu(Hemsl.)Hemsl.mixed forest,average value of DBH and average net productivity per tree of C.lanceolata were the smallest with quantities of 15.7 cm and 0.001 82 m3·a-1 respectively,and average tree height of C.lanceolata in C.lanceolata-Cinnamomum camphora(L.)Presl mixed forest was the smallest(14.1 m).Except the function importance value of C.lanceolata in C.lanceolata-S.tzumu mixed forest was smaller than that of S.tzumu,all importance values of C.lanceolata were bigger than those of mixed tree species in the others mixed forests.It is concluded that C.lanceolata has a competing advantage in competition with its mixed tree species in mixed forests.

Characteristics of Vegetation at Its Early Recovery Stage in the Burned Areas in Maoan Forestry Centre of Chongqing

Abstract: Based on a field investigation, the early recovery vegetation characteristics of Pinus massoniana forest, Cunninghamia lanceolata forest and evergreen broad-leaved forest, which had been burned severely one year before, in Maoan Forestry Centre of Chongqing were analyzed. The results showed that for its weak resistance to fire disturbance, P. massoniana had only a small number of individuals surviving in the burned field, while C. lanceolata was more tolerant to fire disturbance and retained the capacity of sprouting after its above-ground part died and, therefore, a fairly large number of individuals survived in the burned field. The fire tolerance of evergreen broad-leaved trees varied with species. The number of Symplocos lancifoli and Camellia oleifera individuals was comparatively large in the burned field. Densities of the dominant species and all species in the three communities appeared in the sequence of SFBFMF (p0.01). Compared with the unburned field, species number of woody heliophilous plant seedlings increased in the burned field. The coverage of herbaceous plants increased in the burned field of each community. Pteridium aquilinum and Conyza canadensis have become the dominant species of herbs.

Study on growth increment and mixed ratio of a mixed forest of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Castanopsis hystrix

Abstract: The afforestation model of pure Castanapsis hystrir A.DC.forest and different mixed ratio forest of Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb.) Hook and Castanapsis hystrir was studied by breast diameter and height and volume growth quantity.The results showed there were significant or extremely significant differences of average diameter and height and volume growth quantity between differently mixed ratio forests.Under similar shade density,the stand volume of mixed forest that was composition of 7 Cunninghamia lanceolata and 3 Castanapsis hystrir was the highest,the next was mixed forest of 8 Cunninghamia lanceolata and 2 Castanapsis hystrir,the mixed forest of 9 Cunninghamia lanceolata and 1 Castanapsis hystrir was low,and the pure Castanapsis hystrir forest was the lowest.Soil fertility was different between differently mixed ratio forest.With the numbers of Castanapsis hystrir increasing,soil fertility index of organic matter and total N and Hydrolytic N and Available P significantly enhanced.The study determinates that mixed ratio of 7 Cunninghamia lanceolata and 3 Castanapsis hystrir is the most appropriate.

Reserves and Water Capacity Characteristics of Different Species of Litter in Simian Mountain

Abstract: Through surveyed the litter amount of five and done their water holding characteristics experiment,it was showed the trend that reserves and the water holding capacity of decomposition layer was the best in the litter of five kinds of plantation forest,then was semi-decomposition layer,and one of undecomposition layer was the worst.In the same condition of forest age,the litter amount of Lithocarpus glaber × Schima superba mixed forest was the maximum(246.94 t/hm2),followed by Cunninghamia lanceolata × Pinus massoniana mixed forest(202.79 t/hm2)and Liquidambar formosana × Schima superba × Lithocarpus glaber × Cinnamomum camphora × shrubs mixed forest(191.82 t/hm2),and the minimun one was Cunninghamia lanceolata forest(39.73 t/hm2).Analyzed the 24 h maximum water holding capacity of litter in five kinds of plantation forest,the best one was Lithocarpus glaber × Schima superbamixed forest(254.28 t/hm2),followed by Cunninghamia lanceolata × Pinus massoniana mixed forest(191.72 t/hm2)and Liquidambar formosana × Schima superba × Lithocarpus glaber × Cinnamomum camphora × shrubs mixed forest(168.21 t/hm2),Cunninghamia lanceolata forest(31.66 t/hm2) was the worst one.By statistic analyse,the equation between the water holding capacity of three litter layers,which were the undecomposition litter,semi-decomposition one,and decomposition one,and the immerse time were W=aln(x)+b.While the one between the water uptake rate of three layers and and the immerse time were S=ktn.Comprehensively analyed the result,it also showed that the litter water holding characteristics of Lithocarpus glaber × Schima superba mixed forest was the best one of five kinds of plantation forest,and one of Cunninghamia lanceolata forest was the worst one.

Soil Moisture Physical Characteristics of Three Forest Types in Dagangshan Mountain in Jiangxi Province

Abstract: Research on soil bulk density,soil porosity,soil water retaining capacity and soil water storage of evergreen broad-leaved forest,Cunninghamia lanceolata and Phyllostachys pubescens stands was carried out in Dagangshan mountain in Jiangxi province.The results showed that:(1) The soil bulk density of three forest types increased with the increment of soil depth.In the layer of 0~80 cm,the soil bulk density of Cunninghamia lanceolata,Phyllostachys pubescens stands and evergreen broad-leaved forest was 1.29 g/cm3,1.24 g/cm3,1.20 g/cm3 respectively.(2) With the increment of soil depth,total porosity,capillary porosity,saturated moisture capacity,capillary holding capacity decreased gradually.(3) In the layer of 0~80 cm,the soil total and uncapillary porosity of evergreen broad-leaved forest was largest and that of Phyllostachys pubescens stands was least.However,the soil capillary porosity of evergreen broad-leaved forest was lowest and that of Phyllostachys pubescens stands was highest.(4) In the layer of 0~80 cm,the order of soil saturated,capillary and uncapillary holding capacity on soil was Phyllostachys pubescens stands,evergreen broad-leaved forest and Cunninghamia lanceolata.In the layer of 0~80 cm,the sequence of soil present and saturated water storage was Phyllostachys pubescens stands,evergreen broad-leaved forest and Cunninghamia lanceolata.(5) In the layer of 0~40 cm,the physical characteristics of Phyllostachys pubescens stands were obviously better than those of the other two.

Biomass Carbon Storage and Allocation in Cunninghamia lanceolata and Michelia macclurei Mixed Forest

Abstract: Biomass carbon storage and allocation were compared between Michelia macclurei mixed forest and pure 15-year-old Cunninghamia lanceolata forest.The total biomass carbon storage in mixed forest was 107.715 t·hm-2,which was 49.20% higher than that in pure forest(72.194 t·hm-2).The carbon storage of tree layer occupied 98.46%and 98.82% of total carbon storage respectively in the mixed and pure forest.The carbon storage in each organ and each vertical layer in mixed forest was higher than those in the pure forest.From aspect of carbon sequestration,the mixed forest was superior to the pure forest.

Biomass Productivity of a 12-years-old Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantation in Daqingshan of Guangxi

Abstract: Growth increment,biomass and productivity of a 12-year-old Cunninghamia Lanceolata plantation were studied in Daqingshan Trial Forest Farm of Guangxi.The results showed that the mean DBH,mean tree height and the annual average growth increment in 12-year-old Cunninghamia Lanceolata plantation were 13.7cm,11.8 m,and 18.6 m3 /hm2,respectively;the biomass and net production of stand were 92.502 t/hm2 and 9.763 t/(hm2·a),respectively;among which,tree layer biomass and net production accounted for 96.06% and 93.78% respectively of the total biomass;the shrub and herb layer biomass and their corresponding net productionaccounted for 0.97%,2.98% and 1.59%,4.63% respectively of the total biomass.As the trial was located in a valley sandwiched with mountains on both sides,its climate was humid,and water and heat condition was suitable for the growth of Chinese fir,which made high productivity possible.