Showing papers on "Decoupling capacitor published in 1971"

Double layer capacitor with liquid electrolyte

Abstract: A capacitor utilizing the space charge polarization effect is described. The device employs a liquid electrolyte, resulting in a high capacitance-to-volume ratio, and a higher voltage than usually found in such devices. The capacitor is intended primarily for use in filter applications in transistor circuits.

Electronic flashlamp power supply

Abstract: A flash system power supply for charging a storage capacitor employed in operating a flashlamp. A battery-powered multivibrator-type converter is coupled to the storage capacitor through a transformer-rectifier circuit, with the multivibrator being triggered into oscillation by a start circuit comprising a relaxation oscillator. Multivibrator operation is squelched by a negative voltage pulse from a stop circuit controlled by a relaxation oscillator-type voltage detector which senses a predetermined charge on the storage capacitor. The stop circuit is also controlled by a current-sensing resistor which detects discharge of the storage capacitor. Operation of the start circuit is clamped to the stop circuit through a diode, with the stop circuit having a time constant sufficient to delay restarting of the multivibrator beyond the deionization period of the flashlamp.

Apparatus for the current limiting interruption of currents at high voltages

Abstract: An improved circuit for the current limiting interruption of currents in a power main at high voltages of the type wherein an energy absorbing circuit and a capacitor are each connected across the interrupter or commutation switch, and the capacitor is precharged so that upon opening of the switch the discharge current of the capacitor will oppose the current flowing through the switch and cause it to flow through the energy absorbing circuit. Circuit means are provided which causes charging of the capacitor only during the opening of the interrupter switch to a value which is dependent on the arc voltage at the interrupter switch and/or the current in the main so that sufficient time is available to the switch during the commutation phase to increase its arc resistance to an extent sufficient to commutate the main current into the parallelly connected capacitor and accordingly into the energy absorber and prevent the main current from commutating back into the switch.

Capacitor discharge system

Abstract: A breakerless ignition system of the capacitor discharge type for an engine is disclosed with the energy being supplied by a simplified magneto having a magnetic structure energized by a rotor with a single permanent magnet group to create a charging current for the capacitor and a trigger current to change the conductance state of a silicon-controlled-rectifier to discharge the current stored in the capacitor into an ignition coil to provide the ignition spark in the secondary thereof. The magnetic arrangements between the parts provide an automatic timing advance with increase in speed of the engine. Improved means are provided for temperature compensation by a bifilar winding on the trigger coil of positive temperature coefficient wire of nickel or the like. Anti-reverse rotation protection is also provided.

High speed signal in mos circuits by voltage variable capacitor

Abstract: Voltage losses, and consequent reduced transconductance, can be overcome in metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) circuits by the use of a voltage variable coupling capacitor comprising a drain and a gate electrode. Since the capacitor is voltage variable, selective coupling is obtainable. In a dynamic memory cell, a voltage variable capacitor connected to the storage node selectively couples enabling to the storage node to increase the transconductance of the read transistor. Selective coupling is also used in apparatus ancillary to the memory cell to enhance the "refresh" operation. A flip-flop type of memory is also disclosed in which an enhanced output signal is obtained by selective coupling.

Process for making an integrated circuit with a damping resistor in combination with a buried decoupling capacitor

Abstract: An integrated circuit and process for making it wherein a decoupling capacitor is provided beneath devices in the surface of the integrated circuit by the formation of a first epitaxial layer between an N substrate having a P zone diffused therein and an N device-containing epitaxial layer. A P channel diffusion to the P zone formed in the substrate will serve as a damping resistor in combination with the coupling capacitor. The process for forming such a decoupling capacitor in an integrated circuit comprises, inter alia, diffusing P impurities into the substrate to form a large junction which will subsequently function as a decoupling capacitor. A first intrinsic, P or N epitaxial layer is then grown on the semiconductor substrate. Subsequently, an N epitaxial layer is grown on the first epitaxial layer. A P channel is then driven through the N epitaxial layer and the first epitaxial layer to contact the P diffused zone which serves as the decoupling capacitor. This P channel diffusion will serve as a damping resistor in combination with the decoupling capacitor. Device diffusion, i.e., transistors, resistors, etc., will take place into the N epitaxial layer, and during growth of the epitaxial layers the P zone will significantly outdiffuse into the first epitaxial layer. Appropriate channels, isolations and contacts are also provided.

Non oscillating arcless switching or inductive d.c. loads

Abstract: A circuit interrupter for arclessly interrupting current flow to an inductive D.C. load, comprising first and second switches which are functionally offset, in opening sequence, by a predetermined switching interval; during the switching interval, a like level of energy of polarity opposite to the energy stored in the magnetic field of the load is transferred to a capacitor connected in parallel with the first switch, whereupon both energy charges are simultaneously discharged into and thermally dissipated in a resistance connected in parallel with the capacitor. The switching interval corresponds to one-fourth cycle of the resonance frequency of the resonant circuit formed by the capacitor and the inductive load plus the RC and L/R time functions of the circuit; the resistance is selected, relative to the capacitor and the load inductance, to preclude oscillation of the load current during the time interval between the opening of the first and second switches. The capacitance is selected relative to the load inductance, to fix and limit the maximum voltages occurring in the course of the switching interval.

Capacitor discharge system with speed control sub-circuit

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a capacitor discharge ignition system comprising a first electronic switch connected to a capacitor charged in response to engine rotation and operable to selectively discharge the capacitor to an ignition coil, means connected to the first switch for actuation thereof to discharge the capacitor to the ignition coil in response to rotation of the engine so as to cause engine ignition, a second switch connected to the capacitor and operable to selectively discharge the capacitor other than to the ignition coil, and means connected to the second switch for actuation thereof in response to rotation of the engine above a predetermined speed so as to render operation of the first switch ineffective to cause engine ignition.

Ignition system with advance stabilizing means

Abstract: A multiple magnet flywheel alternator is connected to charge a capacitor of a capacitor discharge ignition system. The capacitor is discharged to the several spark plugs of an internal combustion engine by individual controlled rectifiers having the gates connected to a separate pulse generator establishing trigger pulses of an amplitude varying with speed. A selfgenerating reverse voltage bias network includes a parallel capacitor and resistor connected in series with the output of the generator and the triggering circuits.

Incrementally adjustable capacitor unit for tuning a crystal-controlled oscillator

Abstract: A capacitor unit adapted to adjust the frequency of a crystal-controlled oscillator in incremental steps, the oscillator serving as a frequency standard for an electronic timepiece. The unit is constituted by a bank of capacitors whose respective values fall into a binary series, each capacitor being associated with a switch arranged to connect the capacitor in parallel relation to the other capacitors in the bank, whereby the reactance presented by the unit may be varied incrementally by selective operation of the switches to create a reactance range whose lowest value is determined by the smallest capacitor alone, whose highest value is determined by the sum of all the capacitors in the bank, and whose intermediate values are determined by the capacitors singly or in shunt combinations thereof.

Blasting machine with overvoltage and undervoltage protection for the energy storage capacitor

Abstract: An electrical system for firing an explosive bridge wire device or the like which includes a battery powered blocking oscillator to charge a storage capacitor, a circuit controlling the maximum energy to be contained in the storage capacitor, and a circuit that determines the minimum energy in the storage capacitor before the storage capacitor can be discharged into one or more explosive bridge wire devices or the like.

Method and means for detecting incipient capacitor failure

Abstract: Incipient failure of a capacitor operating as a part of an induction furnace circuit is detected by monitoring the capacitor to determine the presence of high-frequency signals generated by the capacitor as its dielectric material deteriorates. The lower limit of the frequencies of such signals is in the range from 50 to 200 kHz. The sensing apparatus for a 3 kHz induction heating circuit includes detector means for converting the generated signals exceeding about 150 kHz into a control signal whose level exceeds a predetermined value when the generated signals are representative of incipient deterioration of the dielectric. Indicator means responsive to the control signal is operated when the latter signal exceeds said predetermined value, and may disconnect power from the capacitor.

Voltage-controlled oscillator using complementary symmetry mosfet devices

Abstract: A voltage-controlled oscillator that is compatible with integrated circuit techniques and comprises complementary symmetry MOSFET devices to provide linear operation over several frequency decades, and exhibits high input impedance and minimum power consumption. The frequency of operation is controlled by a current source which is controlled solely by an input voltage. The constant current source linearly charges a capacitor through a bridge circuit. The bridge circuit which includes two complementary MOSFET transistors in each arm is connected across the current source and arranged so that when one transistor in an arm switches on the diagonally opposite transistor, in the other arm, also switches on. The rising voltage across the capacitor is used to change the state of a bistable multivibrator when a given threshold voltage is reached. The output of the bistable multivibrator discharges the capacitor, causes the capacitor to be charged in the opposite direction and provides an output terminal for the voltage-controlled oscillator.

Ferro-electric transformers with means to supress or limit resonant vibrations

Abstract: Mechanically coupled ferroelectric capacitors are surface mounted on a rigid substrate so as to suppress resonant modes of vibration and to limit non-resonant modes of vibrations to those which result in the same polarity output signal. The mechanical vibrations caused in one capacitor (the input capacitor) by an input signal mechanically couples to the other capacitor (the output capacitor) and induces an output signal therein due to the piezoelectric properties of the dielectric. The structure is sandwich-like and consists of a first electrode, a ferroelectric body, a common electrode, a second ferroelectric body and a second electrode. The second electrode is preferably mounted on a rigid substrate.

High efficiency capacitor charging circuit

Abstract: THIS DISCLOSURE RELATES TO CHARGING CIRCUITS AND, PARTICULARLY, TO CIRCUITS FOR CONVERTING D-C VOLTAGE FROM A LOW LEVEL TO A HIGH LEVEL FOR CAPACITOR CHARGING. MORE PARTICULARLY THIS DISCLOSURE DESCRIBES A CIRCUIT FOR CONVERTING A LOW-LEVEL, D-C VOLTAGE TO A HIGH-LEVEL, D-C, CAPACITOR-CHARGING VOLTAGE IN A SERIES OF STEPS OF INCREASING VOLTAGE TO MAINTAIN A RELATIVELY-HIGH RATE OF CHARGE AND EFFICIENCY DURING THE ENTIRE CHARGING TIME FROM ZERO VOLTAGE TO THE FULL VOLTAGE.

Direct current chopper control circuit

Abstract: A control circuit for controlling the effective power to a load from a power source of substantially constant direct current voltage including a first solid state switching device for placing the load and the power source in series. Circuitry including a commutating capacitor chargeable in a first direction, provides that capacitor discharge, initiated by the gating of a second solid state switching device, will terminate conduction of the first switching device. An inductance is provided in series with the load to develop a capacitor voltage in a second direction, related to load current, upon the termination of the conduction period. A series loop is provided including the capacitor, the inductor, and a third solid state switching device to reverse the polarity of the capacitor voltage to the first direction.

Starting circuit for permanent split capacitor motor

Abstract: A starting circuit for a permanent split capacitor motor having a main field winding, a starting field winding, a running capacitor, and a supplementary starting capacitor. A thermal relay is provided having normally closed switch contacts coupling the supplementary starting capacitor across the running capacitor and a bimetallic element serially coupled with the starting winding and running capacitor across the main winding. The bimetallic element opens the switch contacts thereby to disconnect the starting capacitor in response to a first predetermined current flow in the starting wind-ing circuit and maintains the switch contacts open in response to a lower current flow.

Capacitor discharge type blasting machines

Abstract: Capacitor discharge blasting machines for initiating electroexplosive devices, e.g., electric blasting caps which comprises in combination, means for supplying direct current at a controlled rate and at potentials above 1,500 volts, a nonelectrolytic capacitor capable of accumulating charges at potentials in excess of 1,500 volts and capable of withstanding repeated charge-discharge cycles, means for indicating that such capacitors are being charged, electronic firing switch and interlock means positioned between and communicating with said capacitor, and electronic firing switch means for delivering current from said capacitor to current output terminals and thence to an electric blasting cap firing circuit, and means for bleeding off unwanted or residual charges from the power supply and current-discharging means.

Inductor drive means

Abstract: A circuit providing a means of transferring and storing the energy from the collapsing field of a deenergized inductive load to a capacitor, and subsequently delivering this energy back to the inductive load to aid in its re-energization. A first circuit path is provided for transferring the energy from the inductive load to the capacitor, and a second circuit path is provided for transferring the energy from the capacitor to the inductive load, said second circuit path including a signal translating device, the conductivity of which is controlled by the charge on the capacitor at the time re-energization of the inductive load is initiated.

Charge regulating circuit for flash lamp storage capacitor

Abstract: A flash lamp for photographic exposures discharges from one or more high voltage storage capacitors charged from an alternating current source under the control of a charge regulating circuit. The regulating circuit comprises a bridge rectifier charging a regulator capacitor to the threshold voltage of an SBS-triac combination connecting the AC source to a step up transformer whose rectified output charges the flash lamp storage capacitors. A neon lamp sensing the voltage on the storage capacitors is transformer coupled to an SCR which shunts the regulating capacitor preventing the regulating capacitor from applying threshold voltage to the SBS and triac and stopping charge of the storage capacitors.

Capacitive type ignition arrangement for internal combustion engines

Abstract: Energy from a storage capacitor is transferred to an ignition capacitor when a first switch is made conductive, and the spark is initiated by discharge from the ignition capacitor through the ignition transformer upon closing of a second switch. The current limiting element between the storage capacitor and the ignition capacitor is an inductance.

Capacitor triggered ignition system

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an ignition circuit ignition for an internal combustion engine, which circuit comprises a charge capacitor connected to the positive and negative terminals of a source of direct current generated in response to engine rotation, and an SCR connected to the charge capacitor in series with each other and in parallel with respect to the source and including an anode connected to the positive terminal, and a cathode connected to the negative terminal, and a gate, together with means for triggering the gate to discharge the charge capacitor including connection of the positive terminal to ground, a mechanical switch having a first grounded contact and a second contact electrically connectable to said first contact in response to engine rotation, and a trigger capacitor connected to the second switch and to the gate, whereby upon closing of the switch contacts, the charge capacitor is partially discharged through the contacts and through the trigger capacitor to trigger the gate, whereby to fully discharge the charge capacitor through the primary winding of an ignition coil connected in series with the SCR and the charge capacitor.

Fault detecting apparatus for a capacitor type potential divider having an amplifier

Abstract: A capacitor type potential divider having an amplifier is provided with a pair of capacitor units respectively connected to the same phase line of A.C. polyphase power lines. A divided voltage derived from one of the capacitor units is applied through an amplifier to a protecting relay system and/or a voltage measuring device for the polyphase power lines. The output of the amplifier and the divided voltage derived from the other capacitor unit are applied to a comparator for enabling a difference voltage therebetween to be obtained. The difference voltage is then employed to energize a fault detection relay for enabling a fault in the capacitor type potential divider to be detected.

Delayed action load switch

Abstract: A delayed-action load switch for A-C operation including a trigger-controlled bilateral solid-state power switch, e.g., a triac, connected in series with a load, and in parallel with a manually-operable on-off switch across an A-C source. A charge-storage capacitor discharges through a bilateral breakover device (e.g., an avalanche switch) to trigger the triac to conduction when the charge on the capacitor reaches a threshold value. The capacitor is charged on each cycle from the A-C source through a bias accumulation network which builds up a D-C potential, increasing with each cycle in opposing the charging of the capacitor so that the threshold value is attained progressively later in each cycle and the proportion of the cycle during which the triac is conductive is gradually reduced to zero.

Passive hysteresis circuit demand pacer

Abstract: There is disclosed a demand pacer which exhibits rate hysteresis without requiring additional active elements. The reference potential, to which the voltage across a timing capacitor is compared, is derived from the tap on a voltage divider, with an additional capacitor being connected across one branch of the voltage divider. Whenever the voltage across the timing capacitor exceeds the reference voltage, the pacer is triggered and the capacitor in the voltage divider circuit discharges slightly. This lowers the reference voltage so that the escape interval is shortened. The escape interval gets shorter and shorter during successive cycles when stimulating pulses are generated until a lower limit is reached. If successive spontaneous beats are detected, the capacitor continuously charges until the escape interval is at the maximum limit. It requires 2-6 seconds for the escape interval to change from one extreme to the other.

Single transistor oscillator blasting device

Abstract: A blasting apparatus for firing an explosive bridge wire device or the like comprising a d.c. to d.c. converter circuit that utilizes only one transistor in the oscillator portion of the circuit to transfer energy from a battery to a storage capacitor which is automatically discharged upon reaching a predetermined energy level. The circuit also includes a single switch which in the OFF position discharges the storage capacitor and in the ON position connects the battery to the primary winding of the transformer to charge the storage capacitor.

Capacitor having an anchoring spike

Abstract: An electrolytic capacitor is described having an anchoring spike between the capacitor body and the capacitor seal which stabalizes the capacitor body from movement with respect to the capacitor container and also provides adequate space for gas expansion in the device. A thermally conductive medium such as tar or asphalt material is preferably used in the bottom of the container to provide additional anti-vibration stabalization and thermal conductivity for removing heat from the capacitor body out through the capacitor container.

Ripple eliminating circuit

Abstract: A ripple eliminating circuit including in series a high power DC source, a capacitor and a negative capacitance circuit having a negative capacitance the absolute value of which is nearly equal to that of said capacitor wherein an output is derived from across the circuit having in series said capacitor and said negative capacitance circuit.

Process for producing a capacitor

Abstract: A CAPACITOR COMPRISING: (A) A FIRST CAPACITOR PLATE COMPRISING AN ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE SUBSTRATE HAVING ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE PARTICLES PARTIALLY EMBEDDED IN AT LEAST ONE SURFACE THEREOF; (B) A DIELECTRIC COMPRISING A THIN, ELECTRICALLY NONCONDUCTIVE COATING DISPOSED ENTIRELY OVER THE EXPOSED PORTIONS OF THE PARTICLES AND THE SUBSTRATE; (C) A SECOND CAPACITOR PLATE COMPRISING A CONTINUOUS ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE COATING DISPOSED OVER THE SURFACE OF THE NON-CONDUCTIVE COATING. PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING THESE CAPACITORS ARE ALSO DESCRIBED.

Inductorless lowpass filter utilizing frequency dependent negative resistors

Abstract: A given lowpass antisynametrical ladder filter of even degree having only a capacitor in the output branch thereof that is connected to ground and is shunted by a load resistor is transformed to an equivalent inductorless network by simulation techniques wherein each inductor, resistor and capacitor of the given filter is replaced with an associated resistor, capacitor, and frequency dependent negative resistor (FDNR), respectively. The equivalent network has a pair of output terminals, one of which is grounded, with the parallel combination of a capacitor and an FDNR connected therebetween. This combination is simulated by a Riordan circuit having one port connected to the output terminals of the equivalent network and another port terminated by the parallel combination of a resistor and a capacitor which are connected to ground.