Showing papers on "Dengue fever published in 1982"
TL;DR: The first time that monospecific antibodies have been available for all of these unique antigenic determinants was reported in this article, where the Hybridoma cell lines producing dengue type-specific antibodies were deposited in the American Type Culture Collection (Type Culture Collection) for general distribution.
Abstract: Monoclonal antibodies produced against the four dengue virus serotypes identified four categories of reactions by immunofluorescence: flavivirus group reactive, dengue complex specific, dengue subcomplex specific (DEN-1, DEN-3), and dengue serotype specific. This is the first time that monospecific antibodies have been available for all of these unique antigenic determinants. Hybridoma cell lines producing dengue type-specific antibodies have been deposited in the Hybridoma Cell Bank of the American Type Culture Collection (Rockville, MD) for general distribution.
456 citations
TL;DR: A panel of monoclonal antibodies, previously characterized as either virus type specific or flavivirus cross-reactive and with mouse immunoglobulin subclasses G1 and G2a in both categories, were tested for their infection enhancement characteristics and suggested an Fc receptor-mediated infection of the U-937 cells.
Abstract: Dengue type 2 virus replication was detected in the U-937 human monocyte cell line when the virus inoculum and the culture medium contained flavivirus antibodies diluted beyond their neutralizing titers. This was in marked contrast to yellow fever virus, which replicated very well in the absence of antibodies; however, 10-fold-higher yields of yellow fever virus could be obtained in the presence of flavivirus antibodies. These infection-enhancing antibodies were obtained from either a dengue type 2 human antiserum or reference hyperimmune obtained from either a dengue type 2 human antiserum or reference hyperimmune mouse ascitic fluid. The infection enhancement phenomenon, previously shown to be due to infection of Fc receptor-bearing cells with virus-antibody complexes, was completely blocked by preincubation of the cells with aggregated gamma globulin. The blocking results suggested an Fc receptor-mediated infection of the U-937 cells as well. A panel of monoclonal antibodies, previously characterized as either virus type specific or flavivirus cross-reactive and with mouse immunoglobulin subclasses G1 and G2a in both categories, were tested for their infection enhancement characteristics. A type-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibody preparation that was diluted beyond its neutralization titer did not cause infection enhancement, nor did low-level neutralizing monoclonal antibodies that were dengue serotype specific by the hemagglutination inhibition test. Only flavivirus cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies caused infection enhancement, irrespective of whether the immunoglobulins were G1 or G2a. These cross-reactive flavivirus determinants may reside at the tips of the glycoprotein projections on the virus particles, enabling the Fc ends of the cross-reactive antibodies attached to these determinants to interact with Fc receptors on susceptible cells.
104 citations
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57 citations
TL;DR: Spondweni virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus previously reported to cause human disease in Southern and West Africa and its presence should be considered in the differential diagnosis of febrile illness and in antibody surveys in that region.
33 citations
TL;DR: The dengue-2 vaccine virus (S-1), and its parent virus (PR-159), were compared for their ability to infect orally, to replicate in, and subsequently to be transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.
Abstract: The dengue-2 vaccine virus (S-1), and its parent virus (PR-159), were compared for their ability to infect orally, to replicate in, and subsequently to be transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The vaccine virus was markedly less efficient in its ability to infect mosquitoes orally. After ingesting infectious bloodmeals containing 3, 7 to 8.2 log10MID50/ml of the respective viruses, 56% (220/396) of the mosquitoes became orally infected with the parent virus contrasted with 16% (66/397) for the vaccine virus. None of the 16 infected mosquitoes transmitted the vaccine virus, while 14% (3/22) of the mosquitoes transmitted the parent virus. The vaccine virus remained temperature-sensitive (restrictive temperature 39 degrees C) after orally infecting and replicating in Ae. aegypti mosquitoes.
33 citations
TL;DR: Since no clinically apparent outbreak of dengue was ever recognized by public health officials in Texas in 1980, the active surveillance system in other Gulf Coast states should be considered when the risk of introduction of d Dengue is considered high.
Abstract: Two surveillance systems were initiated in Texas in 1980 to detect cases of dengue fever. Physicians throughout the state were requested to report cases of dengue (passive surveillance), and 27 out-patient facilities serving geographically and ethnically high risk populations were asked to report cases of dengue-like illness weekly (active surveillance). Additionally, two clinics participating in active surveillance submitted acute-phase blood specimens weekly for dengue virus isolation. Sixty-three cases of illness due to dengue type 1 infection (dates of onset 2 August-10 November) were documented by virus isolation or serologic testing; 52 of them (83%) occurred n countries adjacent to the Texas-Mexico border. Fifty-six patients (89%) were Hispanic; 46 (73%) were females. Twenty-seven patients (43%) had not traveled outside the U.S. before becoming ill. Since no clinically apparent outbreak of dengue was ever recognized by public health officials in Texas in 1980, the active surveillance system in other Gulf Coast states should be considered when the risk of introduction of dengue is considered high.
30 citations
TL;DR: The successful demonstration that dengue virus replication in mononuclear leukocytes is markedly suppressed by the combined treatment of ribavirin and 6-MPTF signals a need to evaluate the efficacy of this treatment against d Dengue virus infections in vivo.
29 citations
TL;DR: Various aspects of dengue infections in the context of India e.g., occurrence, clinical profile, viral isolations, serological surveys, pathogenicity and vector ecology have been discussed in the present review.
Abstract: Infections attributable to dengue viruses have been frequently occurring in India, as also in South East Asian countries. Benign clinical manifestations, have been rampant in this country. Various aspects of dengue infections in the context of India e.g., occurrence, clinical profile, viral isolations, serological surveys, pathogenicity and vector ecology have been discussed in the present review.
27 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the replication of dengue viruses in preparations of primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells of human or simian origin, or in macrophage-like cell lines of human and murine origin, may be enhanced by sub-neutralizing concentrations of homotypic DVs, by heterotypic dVs, or by antibody against heterologous flaviviruses.
Abstract: Laboratory studies have provided evidence that the replication of dengue viruses in preparations of primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells of human or simian origin, or in macrophage-like cell lines of human or murine origin, may be enhanced by sub-neutralizing concentrations of homotypic dengue antibody, by heterotypic dengue antibody, or by antibody against heterologous flaviviruses. The mechanism underlying this phenomenon is discussed in the context of dengue haemorrhagic fever and the dengue shock syndrome.
TL;DR: Toxorhynchites splendens, a nonhematophagous mosquito, was evaluated as a bioassay host for the detection and propagation of dengue viruses and findings imply that Tx.
Abstract: Toxorhynchites splendens , a nonhematophagous mosquito, was evaluated as a bioassay host for the detection and propagation of dengue viruses. All dengue virus serotypes and strains attained titers in Tx. splendens comparable to those observed for 2 strains of Aedes aegypti . Peak virus titers occurred in Tx. splendens approximately 6 days postinoculation; however, specific fluorescence for all viruses was not observed in 100% of mosquito heads until 12 days postinoculation. A 100% correlation was noted between specific fluorescence in Tx. splendens heads and the recovery of virus from corresponding thoraxabdomens. The volume of inoculum tolerated by Tx. splendens was approximately 5 times greater than that injected into Ae. aegypti . Thus, for a given volume of inoculum, the number of Tx. splendens required for virus assays was appreciably less than that needed for Ae. aegypti . The overall survival rate for Tx. splendens following intrathoracic inoculation with dengue viruses was 92%, compared to 41 and 42% for 2 strains of male Ae. aegypti . These findings imply that Tx. splendens would be more efficient than Ae. aegypti as a laboratory assay host for detecting dengue viruses in blood of infected patients and for use in experimental investigations.
TL;DR: The characteristics of the viruses were modified during the course of persistent infection, as demonstrated by the changes in neutralizing titers of hyperimmune ascitic fluids against dengue serotypes, increased ability to induce syncytia, and increased temperature sensitivity.
Abstract: Dengue viruses often caused an apparent, persistent infection in a cell line derived from a nonvector mosquito, Toxorhynchites amboinensis . The characteristics of the viruses were m
TL;DR: A subline of a polyploid cell line derived from a nonbiting mosquito that was adapted to a serum-free medium was found to be useful for isolation of dengue viruses from human serum, since isolation rates were higher in TRA-284-SF cells than in C6/36 cells.
Abstract: A subline of a polyploid cell line (TRA-284) derived from a nonbiting mosquito, Toxorhynchites amboinensis, was adapted to a serum-free medium. The sensitivity of the subline (TRA-284-SF) to all serotypes of adapted dengue viruses was generally comparable to that of Aedes albopictus (C6/36), and DEN 3 viruses replicated to higher titers in TRA-28F-SF cells than in C6/36 cells. The subline was found to be useful for isolation of dengue viruses from human serum, since isolation rates were higher in TRA-284-SF cells than in C6/36 cells. The advantages of using a serum-free medium and mosquito cells for virus isolation are discussed.
TL;DR: This experiment showed that vector mosquitoes can be infected with vaccine virus by feeding on viremic vaccinees and the virus is sufficiently stable to retain the in vitro growth characteristics associated with the vaccine virus.
Abstract: Colonized Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were fed on voluntary recipients of an experimental, live, attenuated, dengue type 2 (PR 159/S-1) vaccine to estimate the frequency of vector infection and the stability of the virus in mosquitoes. Two volunteers were viremic at the time of mosquito feeding, but only two of 114 mosquitoes that took a viremic blood meal became infected with the vaccine virus. Strains of virus recovered from the bodies of the mosquitoes and the volunteer's blood retained the temperature sensitivity and small plaque growth characteristics of the vaccine virus. Dengue viral antigen was not detectable in any of the mosquito heads by direct immunofluorescence and in vitro virus transmission by droplet feeding was not observed. This experiment showed that vector mosquitoes can be infected with vaccine virus by feeding on viremic vaccinees. Furthermore, the virus is sufficiently stable to retain the in vitro growth characteristics associated with the vaccine virus.
TL;DR: The DTH reaction was apparently specific for d Dengue virus type 4 because significantly lower responses were detected when dengue virus types 1-3 and Japanese encephalitis virus were used as challenge antigens in mice infected with dengues type 4.
Abstract: Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to dengue virus type 4 in mice is described. The DTH reaction (measured by footpad swelling) was maximal at 24 hr after challenge and was enhanced significantly when mice were pretreated with cyclophosphamide. The response was maximal six days after infection with an immunizing dose of approximately 10(7.3) 50% lethal doses per mouse. Histologic examination of the test footpad showed a predominantly mononuclear cell infiltrate at 24 hr after challenge. fibrin deposition was also noted. DTH reactivity was transferable to normal mice by injection of immune spleen cells but not of immune serum. The DTH reaction was apparently specific for dengue virus type 4 because significantly lower responses were detected when dengue virus types 1-3 and Japanese encephalitis virus were used as challenge antigens in mice infected with dengue virus type 4. The probable importance and significance of these findings in relation to the host immune response and the pathogenesis of dengue virus infection are discussed.
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TL;DR: One of the authors (Y.O.), who had previously been immunized with Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine, showed symptoms of typical dengue fever 6 days after accidental infection with a newly isolated d Dengue type 4 virus strain from a patient with denge hemorrhagic fever in Thailand, suggesting that the dengu infection caused secondary stimulation of antigens of flavivirus.
Abstract: One of the authors (Y.O.), who had previously been immunized with Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine, showed symptoms of typical dengue fever 6 days after accidental infection with a newly isolated dengue type 4 virus strain from a patient with dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in Thailand. His sera were examined by hemagglutination inhibition (HI), complement fixation (CF) and neutralization (N) tests. The JE N antibody titers of his sera were high even on the first day of the illness and remained almost constant during the next year. Antibodies that reacted with dengue viruses were detected from a very early stage of the illness by all three serological tests. In addition, his convalescent phase sera showed high titers against all 4 types of dengue virus. These data suggest that the dengue infection caused secondary stimulation of antigens of flavivirus. Sedimentation analysis of antibodies in Y.O.'s serum (day 9) was carried out and IgM antibody that reacted only with dengue type 4 virus and homologous infecting virus was separated. These findings clearly demonstrated that the laboratory infection of Y.O. was primary dengue infection with dengue type 4 virus.
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TL;DR: The biotin-avidin system may be useful for rapid postmortem diagnosis of some fatal d Dengue hemorrhagic fever-dengue shock syndrome cases and perhaps also for early diagnosis of dengue by examination of leukocytes or biopsy material.
Abstract: We evaluated an indirect fluorescent antibody (FA) method for the detection of dengue virus antigen in infected mouse tissues. The biotin-avidin system [unlabeled antiviral antibody, biotinyl-anti-IgG and fluorescein conjugated avidin D(biotin-avidin system)] theoretically enhances the sensitivity of the FA method by amplifying the number of fluorescein particles attached indirectly to antigen. Using antibody endpoint titers in dengue-infected suckling mouse brain as an assay for sensitivity, we compared this three-step technique with the standard direct and two-step indirect FA techniques. Comparative tests were done on frozen sections of mouse brains with infectivity titers between 4.5 and 8.3 log10 LLC-MK2 cell PFU/g. Antibody endpoint titers with the biotin-avidin system were 2- to 8-fold higher than those obtained with the indirect and direct fluorescent antibody systems. The biotin-avidin system may be useful for rapid postmortem diagnosis of some fatal dengue hemorrhagic fever-dengue shock syndrome cases and perhaps also for early diagnosis of dengue by examination of leukocytes or biopsy material.
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TL;DR: Serum samples from 404 pigs originating from eight districts of Bihar were examined for haemagglutination-inhibiting and complement fixing antibodies of Japanese Encephalitis, Dengue-2, West Nile and Chikungunya viruses and high geometric mean titre to JEV was observed.
Abstract: Serum samples from 404 pigs originating from eight districts of Bihar were examined for haemagglutination-inhibiting and complement fixing antibodies of Japanese Encephalitis, Dengue-2, West Nile and Chikungunya viruses. Japanese Encephalitis viral infection was found to be widely prevalent compared to other arboviruses tested. RElatively large number of pigs had antibodies to JEV only (i.e. monoconverters). High geometric mean titre to JEV was observed. These observations appear to be of epidemiologic significance to the 1978 epidemic of encephalitis in Bihar. Epidemic of encephalitis was reported in 1978 from several states of India including Bihar. The only evidence of the activity of Japanese Encephalitis in Bihar came from Khan and Banerjee who found neutralizing antibodies in ardeid birds from Asansol - Dhanbad regions. Evidences are presented in this paper on the prevalence of Japanese Encephalitis in eight districts including Dhanbad of Bihar.
TL;DR: An understanding of the epidemiologic and pathologic dynamics that interact to escalate a self-limited disease to one of epidemic proportions as well as catastrophic clinical impact provides a basis for preventive strategy.
Abstract: Epidemic dengue fever has been absent from the continental United States since 1945, but recent outbreaks in the Western Hemisphere have been too close for complacency. An understanding of the epidemiologic and pathologic dynamics that interact to escalate a self-limited disease to one of epidemic proportions as well as catastrophic clinical impact provides a basis for preventive strategy.
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15 Mar 1982
01 Jan 1982
TL;DR: There is no proof that yellow fever occured in French Guiana before 1763, but from 1763 to 1888, yellow fever was reported repeatedly and several viruses were found, some already known, some previously unknown.
Abstract: There is no proof that yellow fever occured in French Guiana before 1763. The first repcrt of “vomito negro” appears during the Kourou expedition in 1763. From 1763 to 1888, yellow fever was reported repeatedly. Epidemics were observed in 1765, 1793-1796, 1802, 1850, 1855 (with 27.2% mortality), 18731874, 1876, 1877, 1885. In 1902 an epidemic started in St-Jean-du-Maroni and reached Cayenne in a few months: 471 cases were recorded with 139 deaths. It seems to have been an Aedes aegypti transmitted epidemic. Since 1902, no yellow fever case has been reported. In 1966, virology become an important part of the activities of the Institut Pasteur. The U7 9 INSERM Group (Research on arbovirus diseases) was established in 1968. Investigations were carried out on yellow fever and several viruses were found, some already known, some previously unknown. The U7 9 INSERM Group ended in 1979. Since then work has been concentrated on dengue fever surveillance.