Showing papers on "Diversity (politics) published in 1972"

European Americans: From Immigrants to Ethnics

Abstract: Ethnicity has exercised a persistent and pervasive influence upon American history. Americans have traditionally defined themselves and others as members of ethnocultural groups. On the basis of their origins, national, racial, religious and regional, they have shared with "their own kind" a sense of a common heritage and collective destiny. Ethnic cultures have sustained patterns of values, attitudes, and behaviors which have dif? ferentiated various segments of the population. The resulting ethnic plur? alism has profoundly affected all aspects of American life. Religion, poli? tics, social mobility, even the conduct of foreign affairs, have reflected this extraordinary diversity of ethnic identities. A series of migrations, internal as well as external, brought together peoples of various cultural, linguistic, racial and religious backgrounds. The peopling of this continent by transoceanic migration has gone on for over four hundred years. The original inhabitants, the true native Ameri? cans, were gradually displaced and dispossessed by successive waves of immigrants. They came from all over the world, Africans by the millions, brought to this land in chains, Asiatics by the hundreds of thousands, and others from countries to the north and south and from the islands of the Caribbean. But the vast majority came from Europe. In the greatest popu? lation movement in human history, some thirtyfive million Europeans immigrated to the United States in the century after 1830. This fact deter? mined the basic character of American society; it was to be predominantly Caucasian, Christian and Western. The study of immigration history involves not only the processes of physical migration, but the long-range consequences of this mingling of peoples as well. Despite its importance, the European immigration has been relatively neglected by American historians until recent decades. The reason appears to have been the general acceptance of an assimilationist ideology by scholars and laymen alike. The "Melting Pot," it was as? sumed, would transform the foreigners into indistinguishable Americans in a generation or two at most. Bemused by the alleged uniqueness of the American character and institutions, historians turned to environmental explanations. The frontier, material abundance, or mobility, rather than Old World influences, determined the values and behavior of the Amer-

Form and Diversity in Human Habitats: Judgmental and Attitude Responses

Abstract: BERNARD PYRON has written articles for numerous psychological journals, and for art and literary magazines, taught art at Wisconsin State University in Whitewater and was a Research Associate in the University of Wisconsin Institute for Environmental Studies and Instructional Research Laboratory. He has recently written a book entitled \"Forest Culture: Ecology of Stress and Life Energy,\" and he is currently a consultant for the Wisconsin

Education in Yugoslavia.

Abstract: Also influencing educational development is the cultural diversity. In this small nation, about the size of Pennsylvania and New York combined, are found two written scripts, three contrasting religious traditions, four major spoken languages, five major ethnic groups, and six republics plus two autonomous regions. There are also many minor linguistic or ethnic groups. Thus Yugoslavia is a veritable cultural mosaic. Such diversity is hardly conducive to either nationalism or educational co-

Management history: is there madness in its method?

Abstract: It was the diversity of methodological models employed by writers in the area of management history over the past forty years -- a small selection will be discussed herein which prompted the title ...

The Institutional Basis of Theoretical Diversity

Abstract: As a recent review (Petras, forthcoming) informs us, the time for soul searching, navel contemplation, breast beating, and putting our own house in order has finally arrived for American sociology. The last three years have borne witness to the publication of two major manuscripts (Friedricks, 1969; Gouldner, 1970), a collection of essays (Horowitz, 1968), two readers (Reynolds and Reynolds, 1970; Tiryakian, 1971), and a sub-section of another (Curtis and Petras, 1970) ? all dealing with the sociology of sociology. These works constitute the first American forays into the sociology of sociology since Mills' The Sociological Imagination and Bramson's The Political Content of Sociology. Furthermore, each of the last three American Sociological Association's Annual Meetings has devoted at least one section to the sociology of sociology.

What can be said of those who remain behind? : a historic, cultural and situational perspective on the Poplar Grove Scot

Abstract: What Can Be Said of Those Who Remain Behind? A Historic, Cultural and Situational Perspective on the Poplar Grove Scot. -- The study of migration within North America has been a popular area of research for many sociologists. Their focus is frequently the rural to urban trend with particular emphasis on motivations for this type of migration. Overwhelming evidence from these studies now indicate that these rural peoples have consistently left their places of birth and socialization as a means of effecting the promise of affluence proffered by urban centers. -- The extension of the promise of affluence to the rural hinterland and its resulting migration is but one aspect of the more extensive phenomenon termed modernization. Modernization is the fulfillment of the ideology of the technological age. Those who fail to grasp the "evolving truth" and who remain behind in rural areas with neither affluence or even the promise of affluence are termed "losers" in the efforts to modernize. In the words of the poet writer Alden Nowlan; -- "They are the rural people in a world ruled by city dwellers. They inhabit regions that have been made the Horrible Examples and whipping boys of their respective countries...." -- In this research the effort was made to investigate those who remained behind in Poplar Grove, Cape Breton. Poplar Grove has been a veritable spring board for outmigrants and the present community is now collapsed by its long term effort. Had this study been conducted by questionnaires "sent out" from some urban academic center the residents of this collapsed community might have been studied as "losers" (victims). The strategy of participation in the culture allowed an experience of the life within Poplar Grove--a life with perceptions of reality existing long before the advent of modernization. In Chapters 2 through 4 of this dissertation the attempt has been made to present these perceptions against the background of modernization. -- There are three parts to these perceptions of reality presented herein: the historic, cultural and situational. Chapter 2 introduces those historic events that have shaped the present life of Poplar Grove people. This chapter deals especially with the socio-economic adaptation of the Scot Highlanders to the new land and their first encounters with modernization. -- Chapter 3 in detailing some of the elements of the traditional life depicts the distinctive culture of Poplar Grove. In this rather ethnographic chapter the colour of the traditional life is accented so as to provide the reader with this significant finding: social relationships in Poplar Grove still exist in a different manner than elsewhere in North America, a variety of gemeinschaft still predominates. -- Chapter 4 is the most restricted chapter of the dissertation dealing only with a small number of tactics that are locally employed to combat the insalubrious effects of modernization. In particular the tactic of occupational diversity is discussed and it is demonstrated that this tactic can be employed to allow local definitions of situation to prevail over those imposed by modernizing agents. -- Finally, a brief conclusion explains the use of the word "perspective" in the title of the dissertation.