Showing papers on "Embedment published in 1999"
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of foundation rigidity and embedment are addressed by approximate modifier terms obtained from prior finite-element studies, and a new solution for Gibson soil of finite thickness is presented.
Abstract: Displacement influence factors for calculating the magnitudes of drained and undrained settlements of shallow foundations are approximated by simple numerical integration of elastic stress distributions within a spreadsheet. Influence factors for circular foundations resting on soils having homogeneous (constant modulus with depth) to Gibson-type (linearly increasing modulus) profiles with finite layer thicknesses are obtained by summing the unit strains from incremental vertical and radial stress changes. The effects of foundation rigidity and embedment are addressed by approximate modifier terms obtained from prior finite-element studies. Results are compared with closed-form analytical and rigorous numerical solutions, where available. A new solution for Gibson soil of finite thickness is presented.
155 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the response of skirted foundations to combined vertical (V), moment (M) and horizontal (H) undrained loading using finite element and upper bound plasticity analysis.
115 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a phenomenological interactive failure criterion comprising bending, tension and transverse shear is proposed to predict the various modes of failure for clamped, thin square steel plates subjected to blast loading.
71 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a three-dimensional nonlinear finite-element analysis is used to study the influence of various design decisions for tieback walls, including the tendon unbonded zone, magnitude of the anchor forces, embedment of the soldier piles, and stiffnesses of the wood lagging and the piles.
Abstract: A three-dimensional nonlinear finite-element analysis is used to study the influence of various design decisions for tieback walls. The numerical model simulates the soldier piles and the tendon bonded length of the anchors with beam elements, the unbonded tendon with a spring element, the wood lagging with shell elements, and the soil with solid three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear elements. The soil model used is a modified hyperbolic model with unloading hysteresis. The complete sequence of construction is simulated including the excavation and the placement and stressing of the anchors. The numerical model is calibrated against an instrumented case history. Then a parametric study is conducted. The results give information on the influence of the following factors on the wall behavior: Location of the tendon unbonded zone, magnitude of the anchor forces, embedment of the soldier piles, and stiffnesses of the wood lagging and the piles. The implications in design are discussed.
60 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the steady-state vertical vibrations of a rigid circular disk embedded at a finite depth below the free surface of a poroelastic medium are analyzed using Hankel integral transforms.
Abstract: This paper considers the steady-state vertical vibrations of a rigid circular disk embedded at a finite depth below the free surface of a poroelastic medium. Biot's elastodynamic theory for porous media is used in the analysis. General solutions for axisymmetric poroelastic fields are obtained by using Hankel integral transforms. Analytical solutions for influence functions corresponding to four types of buried axisymmetric excitations are derived. The embedded disk problem is fomulated in terms of a set of coupled integral equations for unknown traction and pore pressure jumps across the disk. The kernel functions of the integral equations are the influence functions corresponding to buried vertical, radial and pore pressure ring loads. The system of integral equations is solved numerically by discretizing the disk into several concentric annular rings. Selected numerical solutions for displacements, vertical stress and pore pressure due to a buried fully flexible disk (uniform pressure) are also presented. The vertical compliances of a rigid disk are examined for different depths of embedment, poroelastic materials and hydraulic boundary conditions. Solutions for traction and pore pressure jumps are also examined. The present results are useful in the study of dynamic response of embedded foundations and anchors in poroelastic soils. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
60 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of propping and embedding of a double propped wall into the bottom sand layer on the behavior of the wall and ground were carefully studied using a newly developed test system, in which the construction sequence of double-propped wall for an open excavation can be properly simulated in flight.
56 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental and numerical investigation of fastener pull-through failure of composite joints has been carried out using an optical microscope, showing that the failure is characterized by substantial internal damage similar to that observed for low-velocity impacted composite panels.
46 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the failure mechanism and size effect of the concrete cone resistance is reviewed and studied, and the influence of material and geometrical parameters on the failure mode and the size effect is investigated.
Abstract: In the present paper the failure mechanism and size effect of the concrete cone resistance is reviewed and studied. The influence of material and geometrical parameters on the failure mode and size effect is investigated. In the numerical studies the smeared crack finite element analysis, based on the microplane material model for concrete, was used. Both, experimental and numerical results show that there is a strong size effect on the nominal concrete cone pull-out strength. It is demonstrated that besides the embedment depth the scaling of the head of the stud as well as the scaling of the concrete member influence the nominal strength.
33 citations
TL;DR: A summary of test results on the anchorage behavior of headed reinforcement with low ratios of embedment depth-to-edge distance (shallow embedments) is presented in this paper.
Abstract: Headed reinforcement offers several advantages over straight bar or hooked bar anchorages to develop reinforcement in concrete members. A summary of test results on the anchorage behavior of headed reinforcement with low ratios of embedment depth-to-edge distance (shallow embedments) is presented. The effects of several variables on the anchorage behavior are discussed. Based on these results, design procedures adapted from the concrete capacity design method for anchor bolts is presented.
25 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors performed experiments on small model piles with lengths ranging from 40 to 100 mm and diameters from 20 to 50 mm embedded in dense and loose cohesionless soil and applied lateral pull at levels between 40 and 320 mm above the ground surface.
Abstract: Centrifuge and conventional model studies in which short pile foundations were subjected to large overturning moments are reported. The centrifuge tests were carried out on small model piles with lengths ranging from 40 to 100 mm and diameters from 20 to 50 mm embedded in dense and loose cohesionless soil. Lateral pull was applied at levels between 40 and 320 mm above the ground surface. Tests were performed at accelerations between 12 and 50g to simulate the behavior of prototype piles ranging from 0.125 to 1 m in diameter. Soil packing, pulling height, pile geometry, and ground surface profile are shown to influence moment-carrying capacity significantly. Centrifuge tests were also carried out on embedded walls to establish empirical shape factors for potential use in conjunction with two-dimensional theoretical analyses. These shape factors were found to increase significantly with pile embedment ratio. Conventional tests at unit gravity performed on 100-mm-diameter piles ranging in length from 200 to ...
24 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an extensive investigation into the influence of key mechanical and geometrical parameters on horizontal impedance of square foundations resting on or embedded in a two-layer soil deposit is presented.
DOI•
01 Aug 1999
TL;DR: The results of an experimental investigation on bond between a glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) rebar and concrete are presented and discussed in this article, where the embedding length was ranging from 5 to 30 times the bar diameter, thus obtaining different test arrangements.
Abstract: Results of an experimental investigation on bond between a glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) rebar and concrete are presented and discussed. Rebars used in tests are the FRP C-Bar(TM) produced by Marhall Industries Composites, Inc. Bond tests were carried out by using a test machine obtained from a modification of the standard scheme of the beam-test and were conducted on prismatic concrete specimens within which a #4 Grade B E-Glass C-Bar was embedded: the embedment length was ranging from 5 to 30 times the bar diameter, thus obtaining different test arrangements. Bond-slip relationships were obtained and bond mechanisms discussed. Furthermore, values of elastic modulus and tensile strength of rebar were evaluated. Finally, a bond-slip constitutive law obtained by means of a system identification procedure is presented. Numerical simulations of bond tests have been performed by using such bond-slip relationship and the obtained bond-slip curves have been compared with the experimental ones.
TL;DR: In this paper, a numerical method of analysis is proposed for computation of the elastic settlement of raft foundations using a FEM-BEM coupling technique, which can be used for rafts of any geometry in terms of thickness as well as shape and loading.
Abstract: A numerical method of analysis is proposed for computation of the elastic settlement of raft foundations using a FEM–BEM coupling technique. The structural model adopted for the raft is based on an isoparametric plate bending finite element and the raft–soil interface is idealized by boundary elements. Mindlin's half-space solution is used as a fundamental solution to find the soil flexibility matrix and consequently the soil stiffness matrix. Transformation of boundary element matrices are carried out to make it compatible for coupling with plate stiffness matrix obtained from the finite element method. This method is very efficient and attractive in the sense that it can be used for rafts of any geometry in terms of thickness as well as shape and loading. Depth of embedment of the raft can also be considered in the analysis. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TL;DR: In this article, the lateral soil pressures, bending moments, pile displacements at the ground surface, and the bearing capacity of instrumented vertical single flexible model piles in layered soil system consisting of soft clay overlying loose sand, under vertical eccentric and central inclined loads have been investigated.
Patent•
28 Jun 1999
TL;DR: In this paper, a composite of thermally non-adherent fluoropolymeric and non-fluoropolymeric components is created through the agency of a non-woven, fibrous binder interposed between and portionally embedded into both components.
Abstract: A composite of thermally non-adherent fluoropolymeric and non-fluoropolymeric components is created through the agency of a non-woven, fibrous binder interposed between and portionally embedded into both components. The fibers of the non-woven binder have a substantial portion of their length extending into both components and cross the interface at an angle that is substantially normal to the plane of embedment. The composite possesses good peel-adhesion behavior between the otherwise thermally non-adherent components.
Patent•
26 Nov 1999
TL;DR: In this article, a drain material for construction which is used in embedment inside a system of construction equipment so that the water penetrating into the system be drained outside the system is presented, where a linear heater is buried and held along the lengthwise direction of the drain material.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a drain material which can drain quickly the water penetrating onto a waterproof layer through pavement slabs and, moreover, can completely prevent freezing in the winter. SOLUTION: A drain material for construction which is used in embedment inside a system of construction equipment so that the water penetrating into the system be drained outside the system. The drain material 32 is constituted of a cord-shaped body 36 formed of a large number of hydrophilic linear bodies 34 being arranged in order or twisted and it is so constructed as to make the water penetrate from the surface side and move toward outside the system through gaps among the hydrophilic linear bodies 34. A linear heater 38 is buried and held along the lengthwise direction of the cord-shaped body 36.
Patent•
21 Dec 1999
TL;DR: In this article, a double steel shell made of a cell shell plate, an arc shell plate and an inside (outside) steel plate material is formed at least on the wave pressure acting face on the sea side of a steel plate cell, a cylindrical caisson with concrete floor slab, or the like.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To remarkably improve wave resisting performance by relatively simple constitution in a structure composed of steel plate cell and steel plate arc, and make a embedment type steel plate cell or a cylindrical caisson with concrete bottom slab applicable to a revetment or breakwater. SOLUTION: Double steel shell 40 made of a cell shell plate 10, an arc shell plate 11, an inside (outside) steel plate 12, steel frame material 13, and the like is formed at least on the wave pressure acting face on the sea side of steel plate cell (embedment type steel plate cell, a cylindrical caisson with concrete floor slab, or the like) 2 and steel plate arc 3. The interior of the double steel shell 4 is filled with concrete 5 or the like to constitute sandwich type construction 6 having high sectional performance, and a hybrid steel plate cell structure 1 having high wave resisting performance is obtained.
01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of model tests and complementary finite element analyses have been carried out to investigate the behaviour of stabilising base retaining walls of two different embedment depths in two different types of soil.
Abstract: A series of centrifuge model tests and complementary finite element analyses have been carried out to investigate the behaviour of stabilising base retaining walls of two different embedment depths in two different types of soil. In this report, the results of the centrifuge model tests and the finite element analyses are presented. They are then used to assess the applicability of various possible limit-equilibrium type calculations for this class of retaining wall. Finally, the implications for design are discussed and an outline design procedure is proposed. (A)
Patent•
21 Jul 1999
TL;DR: In this article, the surface of an embedment layer 2 in contact with a photosensitive resin compsn. layer 3 is formed into a smooth surface and, therefore, thick layer parts and thin layer parts are formed in the photosensitive resinsn.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a photosensitive element capable of forming phosphor patterns of uniform shapes with high accuracy, a process for producing the same, a process for producing the phosphor patterns capable of forming the high-accuracy phosphor patterns by using this element and a rear surface plate for a plasma display panel having the phosphor patterns. SOLUTION: The surface of an embedment layer 2 in contact with a photosensitive resin compsn. layer 3 of the photosensitive element having the embedment layer 2 on a base film 1 and having the photosensitive resin compsn. layer 3 contg. phosphors on this layer is a rugged surface formed with recessed parts in prescribed positions. The surface of the photosensitive resin compsn. layer 3 in contact with the embedment layer 2 fits to the rugged surface of the embedment layer 2 and the surface of the photosensitive resin compsn. layer 3 not in contact with the embedment layer 2 is formed into a smooth surface and, therefore, thick layer parts and thin layer parts are formed in the photosensitive resin compsn. layer 3.