Showing papers on "Empire published in 1979"

History of Urban Form Before the Industrial Revolution

Abstract: 1. The Early Cities 2. Greek City States 3. Rome and the Empire 4. Medieval Towns 5. The Renaissance: Italy Sets a Pattern 6. France: Sixteenth to 8. Britain: Sixteenth to Mid Nineteenth Centuries 9. Spain and her Empire 10. Urban USA 11. Islamic Cities of the Middle East 12. Appendix A: China 13. Appendix B: Japan 14. Appendix C: Indian Mandalas 15. Appendix D: Indonesia 16. Appendix E: Comparative Plans of Cities

Continuity and change in Roman religion

Abstract: Abbreviations Introduction The late Republic The Augustan revival Ideological consequences of the Principate Breakdown and reconstruction Towards the later Empire Epilogue Appendix Bibliography Translations Index

A Common Culture

Abstract: This chapter discusses the way in which culture, civilization, and the curriculum, instead of being mutually supportive have become separated from, if not antagonistic to, each other. It is time that the British culture became appropriate to life in an industrial society. Separate cultures for literary intellectuals and workers in industry can only spell disaster to both. Industry is concerned with the fulfillment of human needs and is no less altruistic than the work of lawyers, doctors, and writers who sell their services and expertise in the same way as industrialists and merchants. Commerce, as Whitehead pointed out, “is the great example of intercourse in the way of persuasion.” It has been the greatest single force in the exchange of ideas. “It brings together groups of men with different models of life, different technologies, and different ways of thought. John Dancy pleaded as long ago as 1965 when he was Master of Marlborough College that “though the sun may have set on Alexander's Empire and be setting on the British Empire, the need of the world is the same and the creative instinct of our young is the same. Our job as educators is to develop this instinct so that it may meet that need. This means laying the ghost of Plato and recognizing that creative technology has its own rightful place within a liberal education.”

Iron Cages: Race and Culture in 19th-Century America

Abstract: One -- Republicanism I: The "Iron Cage" in the New Nation The Birth of a Virtuous People: Race and Republican Society: II: "Diseases" of the Mind and Sun "Republican Machines": The "Lovely White": III: Within the "Bowels" of the Republic Head Over Heart: Black Colonization: Red Lockeans: Two -- Enterprise IV: Beyond Primitive Accumulation Democracy in America:: The Inner World of the Bourgeoisie The Market Revolution and Race V: The Metaphysics of Civilization: "The Red Race on Our Borders" An Age of Confidence: Jibbenainosay: Indian-Hatin in Fantasy: Jackson: Metaphysician of Indian-Hating: VI: The Metaphysics of Civilization: "The Black Race Within Our Bosom" The Black Child/Savage: A Jacksonian Persuasion: "Warranteeism": A Vision of a "Marx of the Master Class": Aesculapius Was a White Man: Race and the Cult of True Womanhood: Three -- Technology VII: An American Prospero in King Arthur's Court The New Body: White Technology: Anglo Over Mexican: The Triumph of Mind in Ameica: VIII: The Iron Horse in the West "Red Gifts" and "White Gifts": The World Custer Lost: The Scientific Management of Indians: IX: Civilization in the "New South" Machines and Magnolias" Black Labor in an Industrial Order: The "Negro Question": "Higher Life" in the South: X: The "Heathen Chinee" and American Technology Ah Sin in America: A Yellow Proletariat: Caste and Class in Industrial America: A Vision of Catastrophe: Henry George and the American Tower of Babel: Four -- Empire XI: The Masculine Thrust Toward Asia The "Iron Cage" in a Corporate Civilization: The New Empire: American Asceticism and the "New Navy": XII: Down from the Gardens of Asia Epilogue Notes Bibliography Index

Sundiata : an epic of old Mali

Abstract: A traditional oral tale of Mali tells the story of Sundiata, the prince who united the twelve kingdoms of Mali into a powerful empire.

The Patrimonial-Bureaucratic Empire of the Mughals

Abstract: An earlier generation of Mughal scholars used the British-Indian Empire of the late Imperial period (c. 1875–1914) as its model for interpreting the Mughal state. The highly structured military, judicial, and administrative systems of the British Raj provided the perspective from which they viewed the material on the Mughal state contained in the Persian sources. Unfortunately, the assumptions implicit in this approach caused both a misreading of the Persian texts and a misunderstanding of the Mughal state. This essay argues that the patrimonial bureaucratic empire, a model developed by Max Weber, better captures the true character of the Mughal polity. A close analysis of the major Persian text on Mughal government, the A'in-i Akbari of Abu al-Fazl, demonstrates the superiority and appropriateness of the patrimonial-bureaucratic empire as a model for understanding the Mughal state.

A short history of modern Greece

Abstract: This history surveys the history of the Greek people from the declining years of the Byzantine Empire to the present day The second edition includes a new chapter to bring the account up to the late 1980s

The Arab conquest and the rise of Islam in North Africa

Abstract: The Arab conquests, which created a great new empire and led to the establishment of Islam as one of the great religions of the world, are one of the traditional landmarks of history. The Egyptian papyri form an invaluable record; they also demonstrate that the written tradition, when it made its appearance in Egypt from the middle of the eighth century onwards, was indebted to an archive going back to the establishment of a regular administration under Arab control. The movement of soldiers, slaves and tribute to and fro along the North African coast from Egypt to Spain had revived the market economy after the lapse into subsistence of the late Roman and Byzantine period. In the ninth century, all the great mosques of Egypt and North Africa which dated from the early days of the conquest were enlarged to their present size, while new ones were founded.

The Collapse of Ottoman Authority in Yemen, 968/1560-976/1568

Abstract: An Ottoman foothold was first established in Yemen when forces commanded by the vizier (and subsequently grand vizier) Hadim Siileyman Papa occupied the port of Aden and the southern sector of the country's coastal plain (tihdmah) in Rabi' I and Shawwal, 945/August, 1538 and February, 1539 respectively. Incorporated initially as separate sancidk (beyilik s) (small provinces) of the Empire, these two acquisitions were shortly merged into the larger administrative unit known as the beylerbeyilik and entrusted to a governor (beylerbeyi) bearing the title of papa.' Over the next three decades, Ottoman dominion in Yemen passed through perceptible stages of expansion, consolidation and contraction. Yet with few exceptions sixteenthcentury Ottoman chroniclers ignored or paid scant attention to developments in this remote outpost of empire prior to the well-reported military expedition which the beylerbeyi of Egypt, the vizier (and later grand vizier) Koca Sinan Papa, led there in 976/1569 for its reconquest.2 The following study is concerned with examining the

Empire and Aftermath: Yoshida Shigeru and the Japanese Experience, 1878-1954

Abstract: This detailed biography of Japan's postwar prime minister was favorably received in the United States and has sold widely in translation in Japan.

The ideology of the Assyrian empire

Abstract: A situation of the imperial type, such as the Neo-Assyrian one, which is selected here as a sample for the study, always brings about the dominion of the few over the many, the surrender of wealth by classes or groups of producers in favour of non-producing consumers, the delegation of political decisions in favour of groups that have different interests, even interests opposed to those giving them the mandate. The identification of a diachronic development in the Assyrian imperialistic ideology, that is, a diversification free from illusions and misunderstandings, requires that we establish a link between the development of ideology and the development of the economic structure and of political institutions of the empire, and also of the internal socio-economic relationships. The chapter also provides a preliminary sketch of the Neo-Assyrian imperial ideology, that is of all those themes, images and meaningful oppositions that are employed to present events and situations in light of the official political interpretation.

The Development of British Colonial Film Policy, 1927–1939, with special reference to East and Central Africa

Abstract: From the 1920s the British government sought to manipulate the powerful new propaganda weapon of the cinema to the advantage of the Empire. Unsuccessful attempts were made to break the American stranglehold on the colonial cinema circuit which was thought to pose a threat to British commercial and political interests. Attempts to control what were seen as the harmful effects of the commercial cinema were made through strict censorship. The Colonial Office provided guidelines for policy and organization. South Africa set precedents for racial discrimination in censorship and segregation in viewing which were adopted in much of East and Central Africa. The Colonial Office and the British Film Institute were both anxious to see an experiment using the film in adult education. Progress was held back through lack of money until 1935 when the Carnegie Corporation decided to finance the Bantu Educational Kinema Experiment, a project of the International Missionary Council. The B.E.K.E., an experiment in the production of films for the educational and cultural adjustment of Africans to western society, was conducted in East and Central Africa between 1935 and 1937, with the Colonial Office playing an advisory role. No permanent organization developed out of the B.E.K.E. due to lack of finance and lack of interest among the East African governments. When the British government created the Colonial Film Unit in 1939, its purpose was to make war propaganda films for the colonies. Later in the war, the work of the C.F.U. was extended to the making of instructional films, which became its main function once the war had ended.

Church and Society in The Last Centuries of Byzantium

Abstract: 1. The background: the theocratic Empire 2. Saints and scholars: the 'Inner' and the 'outer' wisdom 3. Byzantium between east and west: the two nations' 4. The end of the world.

The decline and fall of the Habsburg Empire, 1815-1918

Abstract: List of maps. Introduction. 1. Metternich and his system, 1815-48. 2. 1848: the casuses. 3. The failure of the revolutions of 1848. 4. From the counter-revolution to the compromise. 5. The dual monarchy. 6. The road to disaster. Appendix: 1. Chronology of events. 2. Habsburg Foreign Ministers, 1809-1918. 3. Population and nationalities in the Empire, 1843-1910. Maps. Index.

The ‘Great Firm’ Theory of the Decline of the Mughal Empire

Abstract: The ^great firm' theory of Mughal decline relies on secondary sources for its comprehensive data base; it clarifies & extends existing economic theories of imperial decline. Most writers have treated bankers & other financial & merchant groups as segmental rather than strategic elites, but they were indispensable to the functioning of Mughal government, & the great firms' diversion of resources from the Mughals to other political powers in the Indian subcontinent directly contributed to the downfall of the empire. A working definition of great firms in the Mughal period is proposed, along with lines of further research to adequately test the theory. The advantages of this theory over others are outlined, & the bankers in Mughal India are briefly contrasted with those in imperial China. Modified AA.

The Defensive System of Roman Dacia

Abstract: The provisions in the will of Augustus concerning the boundaries of Roman empire came to be disregarded. The Rhine and the Danube, indeed, formed the Northern frontier of the Empire in continental Europe, and mountains and desert bordered the Empire on the east and the south and the Atlantic Ocean on the west. Yet, in spite of the fact that the Danube formed a natural boundary that was relatively secure in Eastern Europe, two areas remained vulnerable and caused the strategists of Rome great anxiety: the Bohemian plateau on the middle course of the Danube and the Transylvanian plateau on the lower. The first was never to be conquered; the second, where the centre of the Dacian state was established, became too dangerous and the Empire had to concentrate all its strength for its conquest (FIG. 1).

The introduction of Greek medicine into Tibet in the seventh and eighth centuries.

Abstract: The introduction of foreign medical science into Tibet has hitherto not been the subject of any detailed study, although Tibetan histories of medicine contain much information on the early development of medical science in the Tibetan Empire. In the present paper, an attempt is made to interpret all of the relevant passages from available Tibetan sources concerning the Greek school, the most important of the foreign systems of medicine introduced into early Tibet.

The Swedish imperial experience, 1560-1718

Abstract: List of maps Preface 1. The making of the empire 2. Resources, material and moral 3. The character of the empire 4. The unmaking of the empire.

The moral disarmament of African empire 1919–1947

Abstract: (1979). The moral disarmament of African empire 1919–1947. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History: Vol. 8, The First British Commonwealth, pp. 86-104.