Showing papers on "Emulsified fuel published in 1996"

Effect of droplet size on the rheology of emulsions

Abstract: The effect of droplet size on the rheological behavior of water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsions was investigated using a controlled-stress rheometer. Results indicate that the droplet size has a dramatic influence on emulsion rheology. Fine emulsions (water-in-oil or oil-in-water) have much higher viscosities and storage moduli than the corresponding coarse emulsions. The shear-thinning effect is much stronger in the case of fine emulsions. When coarse droplets are replaced by fine droplets (keeping total volume fraction of the dispersed phase constant), the resulting emulsion exhibits a minimum in rheological properties (viscosity, storage and loss moduli, time constant) at a certain proportion of fine droplets. However, the minimum in viscosity occurs only at low shear stresses. At high stresses, the viscosity of the mixed emulsion increases as the proportion of fine droplets increases. The study of the aging effect on the rheological behavior shows that water-in-oil emulsions age much more rapidly than the oil-in-water emulsions.

Characteristics of the Membrane Emulsification Method Combined with Preliminary Emulsification for Preparing Corn Oil-in-Water Emulsions.

Abstract: A novel membrane emulsification method was used to prepare corn oil/water (O/W) emulsions (25 wt% oil phase) with sharp particle diameter distribution. When pre-emulsified O/W emulsions were used as dispersing fluids instead of the oil phase (corn oil+emulsifier), the membrane emulsification was carried out easily with a high emulsifying rate up to 3.5 m3/(h·m2-membrane). Mean particle diameters of the emulsions were about twofold those of the mean pore sizes of the porous glass membranes used. The particle diameter of the emulsions decreased with increasing applied pressure or flux of the pre-emulsified emulsion through the membrane. Because of the high stability of the membrane emulsified emulsion particles, little change in particle diameter distribution occurred over several weeks. The kind of emulsifying agent influenced the particle diameter distribution and the creaming rate.

Flow characteristics of concentrated emulsions of very viscous oil in water

Abstract: This article advances ideas and presents experiments on the flow characteristics of concentrated emulsions of Venezuelan bitumen in water plus surfactant. These emulsions are studied under a variety of flow conditions, namely, between rotating cylinders, in a colloid mill, and in pipes. The ideas advanced here concern the modeling of the highly viscous bitumen drops as solid spheres and their fracture under contact forces between neighboring drops, as in comminution, rather than break‐up by hydrodynamic forces. Further, we observe and discuss the local inversion of an emulsion due to local increases of the bitumen fraction induced by flow and the conditions that lead to slip flow, in which the drag is reduced by the formation of a lubricating layer of water at the wall. We believe that the results presented here unveil mechanisms that take place in the pumping and pipelining of oil‐in‐water emulsions and therefore contribute to the understanding of the dynamic stability of these systems.

Heavy oil emulsified fuel combustion equipment

Abstract: Object: To provide a heavy oil emulsified fuel combustion furnace which prevents lowering of combustion efficiency due to water content in the fuel as well as prevents elevation of sulfuric acid dew point due to water content in the flue gas of combustion furnace. Solving means: Heavy oil emulsified fuel 102 is heated by a heater 110 using a heat pipe etc. and then is separated by a water vaporizer 120 to heavy oil content 122 and vapor 121 consisting of steam and a light oil combustible gas. The heavy oil content 122 is supplied to a burner port of the combustion furnace, such as a boiler etc. The vapor 121 is condensed by a condenser 140 to become liquid 141 in which water content and a light oil content are mixed. The liquid 141 is separated by an oily water separator 150 to oil content 151 and water content 152. The oil content 151 is used as a fuel for an igniting torch of the combus-tion furnace 10 and the water content 152 is used partially as a cooling water 41 of an SOx removal apparatus 40 and partially as an atomizing steam 9 or a soot blowing steam 8 in the boiler, etc.

Effects of Ambient Pressure on Combustion Behavior of an Emulsified Fuel Droplet.

Abstract: An experimental study was made of the burning behavior of an emulsified fuel droplet under high pressure conditions. Fuel in water emulsions were employed, which consisted of a hydrocarbon fuel and water doped with the surfactant. The water content of emulsions was varied from 0% to 40%. Experiments were carried out at ambient pressures from 0.1MPa to 3.0MPa. The results showed that a pressure beyond which microexplosion does not take place exists, and that its value depends on the water content of the emulsified fuel. As the ambient pressure increases, the waiting time for the onset of microexplosion decreases and the intensity with which the microexplosion occurs decreases. The distribution of the waiting time is correlated with the wear out type of Weibull distribution at high pressures.

Low-cost stable highly-effective hydrous emulsified fuel and preparation method thereof

Abstract: If a specific equipment is used, the water content of the invented emulsified fuel can be up to 90%, generally it is 40-70% The used multi-effect emulsifying agent doesn't contain organic solvent, so that it is non-inflammable, stable, easy to transport, low in cost, and can be stored for above 3 months at ordinary temp and normal pressure without creaming Said fuel can be used in internal combustion engine and boiler, etc and its fuel-economizing ratio can be up to above 40%, and the contamination to atmosphere from its exhaust-gas also can be reduced

Method of treating emulsified fuel

Abstract: PURPOSE: To prevent a diesel engine from deteriorating in its combustion performance and from undergoing metal corrosion by separating an emulsion containing a heavy oil and an Mg-containing water into the Mg-containing water and the heavy oil, feeding the heavy oil into a diesel engine and feeding the water into an emulsion producer. CONSTITUTION: An emulsified fuel comprising a heavy oil, magnesium for preventing metal corrosion and a surfactant is sent from a storage tank 1 through a pipeline 2 to a heat exchanger 3, where it is heated to 80 deg.C or above under applied pressure, fed through a pipeline 4 into a water separator 5, where it is separated into water containing magnesium and the surfactant and the heavy oil, and the heavy oil is sent to a diesel engine 7 and used as a fuel. The water containing magnesium and the surfactant is sent through a pipeline 8 into a heat exchanger 9, where it is cooled to 80 deg.C to recover its heat, and sent through a transfer means 10 into an emulsion producer 11, where the heavy oil is emulsified, and the emulsified heavy oil is fed through a transfer means 12 into a boiler 13 and burned.

Experience of Orimulsion{reg_sign} fired power plant in Japan

Abstract: Orimulsion{reg_sign} is an emulsified fuel, a mixture of natural bitumen (Orinoco-bitumen), water (approx. 30% of Orimulsion), and a small quantity Orinoco-bitumen droplets are surrounded by water, and it can therefore be handled easily at atmospheric temperatures. The diversification of fuel resources has become an important matter for the power industry in recent years. Although Orimulsion is one possibility for diversification, it has several unique characteristics that should be taken into account.

강체 스월 유동이 분무 구조에 미치는 영향

Abstract: A constant volume chamber which cotains water was rotated in order to simulate solid body rotating swirl in direct injection diesel engines. The swirl number of the chamber linearly depends on the rotating speed of the chamber. Emulsified fuel was injected into water. which simulate high fuel injection into a high pressure gaseous contant volume chamber. Visualization of the fuel spray developing process in D.I. diesel engine was investigated by this liquid injection technique. The effect swirl number on the spray tip penetration and break-up lenth was investigated by experiment and modelling. Dispersion characteristics of fuel spray was also investigated according to the swirl number.