Showing papers on "Encoding (memory) published in 1976"

Implementation of an Experimental Fault-Tolerant Memory System

Abstract: The experimental fault-tolerant memory system described in this paper has been designed to enable the modular addition of spares, to validate the theoretical fault-secure and self-testing properties of the translator/corrector, to provide a basis for experiments using the new testing and correction processes for recovery, and to determine the practicality of such systems. The hardware design and implementation are described, together with methods of fault insertion. The hardware/ software interface, including a restricted single error correction/double error detection (SEC/DED) code, is specified. Procedures are carefully described which, 1) test for specified physical faults, 2) ensure that single error corrections are not miscorrections due to triple faults, and 3) enable recovery from double errors.

Algorithms for Delayed Encoding in Delta Modulation with Speech-Like Signals

Abstract: This concise paper is concerned with the problem of improved delta-coding by using delayed decision instead of bit-bit-by-bit decision. It is found that delayed encoding allows a fairly general predictor to be used without causing instability problems. Simulations indicate that considerable improvement can be achieved by matching the feedback filter to the input process. Delayed encoding requires a search algorithm for making the decisions. Some proposals of algorithms that are efficient from a computational point of view are presented. Particular interest is attached to a highly truncated version of the Viterbi algorithm, which seems very promising.

Encoder and decoder for bandwidth compression

Abstract: Apparatus for segmenting a buffer memory into two-dimensional sectors such buffer memory having stored herein, in scan-by-scan format, bits representing the image of a document. The sectors comprise sections of adjacent scan lines arranged in a two dimensional array. Included in the apparatus is an address generating means which provides the address arrays for such sectors during the segmenting sequence and an encoding means which inspects the data in each segment. In the instances where all of the data in one sector represents background image a single bit code is transmitted. In all other instances the sector data is transmitted in its entirety. The same address generating and encoding means can be utilized in the receiving mode to reconstruct the code into corresponding data arrays to thus provide an image.

Memory and Learning

Abstract: Without memory we would have no knowledge of past events and hence be unable to adapt fully to changes in our environment. The record we have of preceding events provides a basis for analysing and interpreting ongoing ones, for seeing relationships between them and for planning appropriate action. At the risk of over-inclusion the study of memory and learning may be regarded as research into how past events are able to affect information processing and the resultant performance.

Brain Architecture and Mechanisms that Underlie Language: AN Information-Processing Analysis

Abstract: A neural network model for naming visual objects and their attributes, and understanding certain simple types of sentences has been presented. The model is based on neural processes rather than linguistic or symbolic constructs. The following are the major structural features of the model: 1. Memory stores are associative networks that perform an analysis of their inputs in real time. This analysis converts the input pattern into a "recognition pattern" that depends on the specific stored information and its location in the store. 2. The naming store is an analyzer network that converts the sensory encoding of a sentence into a "sentence pattern". The sentence pattern is obtained by averaging the recognition signals from several memory locations in the naming store. Because of the organization of words in the naming store, sentence patterns are an encoding of the structure of the sentences. 3. The sentence store is an associative memory store that recognizes sentence patterns and associates with each one an "instruction sequence" or "program" that specifies how the system should respond to the sentence. It is the enabling of access to this "program" that constitutes "understanding." Sentences are understood in real time, without the explicit grammatical analysis that is usual in sentence-understanding systems. Understanding a sentence involves two functionally distinct processes: (1) associating with its sentence pattern an instruction sequence that specifices what to do in order to generate an appropriate response to the sentence matching that pattern: for example, to look in the visual field for an object, determine its location, and so on, and (2) analysis of the tokens in the sentence that indicate specific attributes or entities to look for or determine.

Transfer of encoding strategies in short-term memory

Abstract: The present experiment was designed to determine if a strategy imposed on a memory loaded task by a certain method of presentation of materials would transfer to a different display mode involving basically the same task but in a different format. It was found that, in general, spatial encoding strategies do transfer to different display formats requiring that the same task be performed.