Showing papers on "Field (Bourdieu) published in 1983"

Collective Strategy: Social Ecolog of Organizational Environments

Abstract: Population ecologists, emphasizing the powerful constraining influence of environment on organizational autonomy, challenge the validity of the notion of strategic choice, which is so central to the field of business policy. This criticism may apply legitimately at the level of single organizations, but it does not reduce the importance of strategic choice at the collective level of analysis. A framework for analyzing strategic actions undertaken jointly by members of interorganizational collectivities is offered, based on a social ecological approach.

Lange and Nietzsche

Abstract: Friedrich Nietzsche has emerged as one of the most important and influential modern philosophers For several decades, the book series Monographien und Texte zur Nietzsche-Forschung (MTNF) has set the agenda in a rapidly growing and changing field of Nietzsche scholarship The scope of the series is interdisciplinary and international in orientation reflects the entire spectrum of research on Nietzsche, from philosophy to literary studies and political theory The series publishes monographs and edited volumes that undergo a strict peer-review process The book series is led by an international team of editors, whose work represents the full range of current Nietzsche scholarship

Helping behavior in urban and rural environments: Field studies based on a taxonomic organization of helping episodes.

Abstract: Previous studies of urban-rural differences in helping behavior are contradictory. A number of methodological problems in previous research are noted, including the facts that previous studies selected communities on a nonrandom basis and gave little attention to the sampling of helping behaviors. The present research consisted of six studies carried out in a randomly selected sample of 55 cities and towns stratified on the basis of population size and geographical isolation. The six helping measures were systematically selected on the basis of a taxonomy of helping episodes. Results indicated that population size was negatively associated with helping with four of the measures. A planned, formal measure of helping involving nonresponse. rates to the Australian census revealed a positive association between city size and helping. The sixth measure was not associated with city size. No other individual-level or community-level variables emerged as substantial or consistent predictors of helping. The pattern of results is discussed in relation to the helping taxonomy employed, and implications for a number of theoretical perspectives are briefly drawn.

The Field of Visual Analysis and Resource Management: A Bibliographic Analysis and Perspective

Abstract: The proceedings generated by the conference, Our National Landscape, held at Incline Village, Nevada, in 1979, constitute the largest single collection of work in visual analysis and resource management, and represent a relatively broad cross-section of current thinking and practice in the field. Evaluation of the citations contained in the bibliographies which accompanied the majority of the proceedings' papers permitted identification of the literature most frequently referred to by those in the field. It also suggested some general observations about the current structure of the field of visual analysis and resource management, and the assumptions and modes of thought on which it is based. The bibliographic analysis suggests that the field is young, that there is a schism between the landscape architects and environmental psychologists, and that the field is in the pre-paradigm stage of development. These observations lead to the conclusion that the field of visual analysis and resource management now lacks the overall conceptual framework required to integrate its diverse and often unrelated approaches and activities. To create such a framework, more attention needs to be paid to cross-validating and synthesizing the basic notions on which the field's various streams of activity are based.

Signs in the field: Prospects and issues for semiotic ethnography

Abstract: Our symposium represents an attempt to identify convergent styles in the application of semiotic perspectives in anthropological discourse and method. More specifically, it aims at a more precise definition of the contribution such perspectives may be able to make in the understanding of fieldwork as a pragmatic embodiment of theory. It encompasses a certain diversity of methods, origins, ethnographic foci, and topical orientations, but the contributors are all concerned with the examination of how significance is both generated and intercepted in the situations to which ethnographers have access. This would seem a minimal definition of a common 'theory of practice', to adopt Bourdieu's (1977) happy phrase reflexively for the treatment of our own discipline, and it legitimizes a corresponding 'practice of theory'. I shall call this shared perspective semiotic ethnography. The label of 'semiotic ethnography' begs fewer questions than the very similar 'semantic anthropology' advocated by Crick (1976), since it avoids both the a priori separation of fieldwork from anthropological theory, and the suggestion — which may be an unintentional survival from a particular view of Saussurean semiology — that only meaning of the sort that can be reduced to verbal 'translation' has a place in this new anthropology. The predominance of language in cultural studies of meaning is, as Ardener (1978: 116-117) has stressed, both a problem for description and the principal means of access. Recent studies have all demonstrated this explicitly (see especially the essays in Basso and Selby 1976). Semiotic approaches to anthropology are nevertheless not always treated as linguistic. Perversely, in fact, some views of semiotic approaches seem to limit these approaches to such hypostatized (but yet illdefined) epistemological categories as 'nonverbal communication' (e.g., Blok 1981: 427). This entails a categorial relocation analogous to the common anthropological practice of separating 'symbolism' from other parts of social experience. The closer we get to the bedrock categories of scientific discourse, the harder it becomes to challenge their autonomy.

The Verification of Motives

Abstract: This article deals with various approaches to the verification of intentional explanations. First a survey is given of the different empirical indicators which may in principle be used. Then follows an account of a number of rules for testing of the validity of different kinds of verification; these rules are derived in the main from the field of content analysis coupled with the so-called historical method.

Housing for the aged: new roles for social work.

Abstract: As the elderly population increases, social workers and planners of housing must coordinate efforts and combine resources as they explore new channels for meeting the housing needs of the aged. In evaluating new roles for social work in this field, three basic areas are discussed: 1) the nature of the housing problem, 2) the needs of the elderly, and 3) the role of social work in meeting these needs.

How to stake a territory in the field of family therapy in three easy lessons

Abstract: Three strategies to claim a piece of territory in the increasingly populated field of family therapy are spelled out and exemplified for easy use by readers.

The relevance of semantic relations between words for the notion of lexical field

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to evaluate the importance of semantic relations between words for the structure of a field. In order to do this, three notions 'lexical grouping', lexical field' and 'lexical net' are introduced. Each one of them can be seen as a candidate for the intuitive idea of lexical field. The three notions differ with respect to the weight they put on semantic relations between words as part of their semantic structure. Several relations between the three notions are investigated. This leads to the conclusion that a notion which employs dimensions as well as semantic relations is best for capturing the ground which intuitively a notion of lexical field should cover.

Mainstreaming the hearing impaired : the development and field testing of a training module for secondary level educators.

Abstract: MAINSTREAMING THE HEARING IMPAIRED: THE DEVELOPMENT AND FIELD TESTING OF A TRAINING MODULE FOR SECONDARY LEVEL EDUCATORS (August 1983) F. David Manning, B.A. , Ohio State University Directed by: Professor G. Ernest Anderson Recent laws governing the education of children with special needs require local schools to educate them alongside children without handicaps. This has made inservice training for teachers an urgent necessity. The author conducted a study to determine the feasibility of using a printed training module to orient personnel in ordinary high schools to the handicap of deafness. Subjects were located in public schools in central and western Massachusetts. Subjects were divided into Control and Experimental groups. On two separate occasions, each sub ject completed a single questionnaire. Between administrations* of the questionnaire, the Experimental Group was asked to study a printed training module written by the author.